Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.11.8 (FAST)
 758 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The literature of the past 4-5 yr on serodiagnosis and seroepidemiology of schistosomiasis is reviewed. A variety of assays with different antigens are being used for serodiagnosis. Several purified antigens appear to be sensitive and specific, but have little if any capability of indicating duration of infection, parasite burden, or effect of chemotherapy. The results of long-term posttherapy field studies indicate that serology has a role in monitoring control programs. Standardized serologic assays and the need for International Standard Reference Sera are emphasized. A standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Falcon Assay Screening Test system (FAST-ELISA), and involving a standard reference serum pool, is suitable for both serodiagnosis and field studies. Measurement of circulating antigens as a parameter of active infection is considered to have increased potential, compared with antibody measurement, in management of clinical disease and in control programs. Recombinant DNA technology may be useful for producing standard antigens for use in assays measuring antibody or circulating antigen. Time-resolved immunofluorescence involving europium-labeled conjugates may provide the increased assay sensitivity needed for measurement of circulating antigen.
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PMID:The present status of serodiagnosis and seroepidemiology of schistosomiasis. 311 72

Low doses of ethanol (EtOH) stimulate activity in an open field in many strains of laboratory mice. We are selectively breeding two lines of mice to exhibit a large (FAST) response on this test, and two other lines to exhibit a small (SLOW) response (Crabbe et al. 1987). The lines initially diverged in response to EtOH, but despite continued selection pressure, the difference between each pair of FAST and SLOW lines has not increased over generations as much as expected. Our practice has been to test animals on the 1st day after saline injection, and repeat the test after EtOH injection 24 h later. Lister (1987) recently demonstrated that the order in which an animal was exposed to EtOH and saline influenced the magnitude of the response to EtOH, with animals tested initially after EtOH having greater stimulation. Middaugh et al. (1987) recently demonstrated that the magnitude of EtOH stimulation was greater under conditions of relatively bright light than under dim light. Using non-selected Swiss mice, the current experiments essentially confirmed Lister's findings. Using FAST and SLOW mice, the predictions of both groups were tested. Both hypotheses were confirmed. Additionally, these experiments demonstrated that the magnitude of the difference between FAST and SLOW mice was greater under bright light than under dim light. The line difference was also greater when tested in the EtOH-Saline order. In experiments with Swiss mice, the possible role of peritoneal irritation in the EtOH effect was eliminated, and the optimal dose and time for demonstrating the effect was determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Environmental variables differentially affect ethanol-stimulated activity in selectively bred mouse lines. 313 87

The nucleotide sequence of the Fast-Chateau Douglas isolate of the thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase allele is compared with the sequences of the Slow and Fast alleles of Drosophila melanogaster. Conceptual translation of the FChD sequence indicates that the thermostable polypeptide has the diagnostic FAST amino acid replacement at residue 192 and an additional replacement of serine for proline at residue 214. This suggests a Fast origin for the thermostable Adh allele. However, some of the biochemical properties of the FCHD protein resemble those of the SLOW rather than the FAST polypeptides. The serine for proline replacement confers upon the thermostable polypeptide substrate specificities and some kinetic parameters similar to the SLOW protein. The same replacement substitution within the third coding exon also appears to alter the ADH protein concentration to a level similar to the SLOW polypeptide and the probable effect is at the level of mRNA concentration. The low level of nucleotide sequence variation, other than that leading to the amino acid substitution, suggests a recent origin for the thermostable allele. The time since divergence of the FChD sequence from Fast is estimated to be approximately 260,000-470,000 years.
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PMID:Recent origin for a thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase allele of Drosophila melanogaster. 313 52

Adolescents' perceptions of family relationships were studied using the FAST, a spatial technique in which wooden figures were placed on a board to represent cohesion and power. 150 subjects, drawn equally from sixth, ninth, and twelfth grades, portrayed the family in 2 representations: as perceived typically and ideally. Father-mother, father-child, and mother-child dyads were analyzed. Perceptions were strongly influenced by age, type of representation, and dyad. In accord with a developmental perspective, older adolescents portrayed less cohesion in parent-child dyads and smaller power differences in all dyads than did younger adolescents. In accord with family systems theory, the father-mother dyad was depicted as the most cohesive and as near egalitarian in power. At all ages and in both representations, parents were perceived as more powerful than their children. The family was generally portrayed as cohesive, significantly more so in the ideal than typical representation. Furthermore, in the ideal representation there were no significant power differences between the parents but moderate power differences in the parent-child dyads. Results were interpreted from both developmental and family systems perspectives.
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PMID:Changing perceptions of family cohesion and power across adolescence. 316 12

A small panel of local individual regional allergens (miniscreen) tested in vitro by FAST was developed to evaluate the utility of screening for IgE-mediated airborne allergy. Using this miniscreen in a population of 125 subjects referred for evaluation of possible allergic respiratory disorders would have increased the accuracy of referral from 74.4% to 95.6%. The miniscreen correctly classified 119 of the 125 subjects. The miniscreen appears to be a potentially useful tool for the allergy specialist in the present medical climate.
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PMID:Regional individual allergen based miniscreen to predict IgE-mediated airborne allergy. 317 66

Sera obtained from human patients, calves, sheep, and rabbits infected with Fasciola hepatica were tested by the Falcon assay screening test enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) techniques with Fasciola hepatica excretory-secretory antigens in order to evaluate their immunodiagnostic potential. The study included sera from 13 patients infected with F. hepatica or a history suggesting fascioliasis, 5 patients infected and treated with bithionol or praziquantel (3 were cured with bithionol), 10 patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni, 6 infected with Trichinella spiralis, and 13 controls and sera from calves, sheep, and rabbits with a primary F. hepatica infection. By FAST-ELISA with F. hepatica excretory-secretory antigens, the serum samples from fascioliasis patients gave the highest absorbance values, and the schistosomiasis patient sera gave intermediate values compared with a normal human serum control. Also by FAST-ELISA, the values for serum from patients with fascioliasis decreased steadily after cure, reaching normal levels 20 to 47 weeks postcure. In contrast, the serum from two patients who had been treated but were not yet cured had high levels of antibodies for up to 3 years of infection. By EITB, the serum samples from humans, rabbits, cattle, and sheep with fascioliasis recognized two antigenic polypeptides of 17 and 63 kilodaltons (kDa) in the form of sharp bands. For humans, this recognition lasted for at least 3 years of infection. Sera from individuals with schistosomiasis mansoni or trichinosis or from normal controls did not recognize the 17-kDa F. hepatica antigenic polypeptide. However, serum from one human with S. mansoni and one with T. spiralis infection has slight bands in the 63-kDa region, suggesting cross-reactivity. Reactivity to the 17-kDa polypeptide was absent in fascioliasis patients at 1 year postcure. Reactivity to the 63-kDa polypeptide was significantly diminished in fascioliasis patients at 1 year postcure. The sera from rabbits with a primary F. hepatica infection also recognized both the 17- and 63-kDa antigenic polypeptides by week 4 of infection. Reactivity to both antigens diminished significantly 6 weeks postcure and disappeared by 8 weeks postcure. The sera from infected cattle and sheep recognized these two antigenic polypeptides by week 8 of infection. These studies suggest that the 17-kDa F. hepatica excretory secretory antigen is an excellent candidate for the immunodiagnosis of acute and chronic fascioliasis. Purification of this antigen and its application to quantitative serologic tests will permit further analysis of its predictive value to evaluate cure.
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PMID:Identification of a 17-kilodalton Fasciola hepatica immunodiagnostic antigen by the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique. 318 93

Optimal angle, fast repeat time, gradient field echo imaging techniques such as FISP (Fast Imaging with Steady Precession) and FLASH (Fast Low Angle Shot) often fail to discriminate disease from healthy tissue for two main reasons. First, T1 and T2 of the affected tissue may increase such that the ratio of T1 to T2 remains nearly unchanged, hence there is no contrast change with FISP. Second, T2 weighted gradient field echo images suffer severely from T2* signal and resolution loss leading to a reduction in C/N. Although FLASH imaging with two separate angles can, in principle, extract the longer T1 tumors, contrast is often not good. To overcome the inhomogeneity and contrast problems, we have implemented a FAst optimal angle spin-echo sequence with a short TE(FATE). For the first echo, FATE has the same contrast properties as FLASH with a slight decrease in signal intensity. The advantage is that the intensity of the signal does not suffer from T2* signal decay, hence improved contrast and disease detection via T2 weighted FATE images is possible. Contrast-to-noise in lesion detection is also considered for CE FAST (Contrast Enhanced Fast), a T2-weighted version of FISP, and HYBRID.
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PMID:A comparison of fast spin echo and gradient field echo sequences. 318 31

In the classic spectroscopic steady-state free precession (SSFP) experiment, a regular sequence of phase-coherent radio frequency pulses is applied with constant flip angle and a repetition time shorter than the NMR relaxation times of the sample. As the steady state is reached, an NMR signal appears between pulses that consists of two distinct components: a free induction signal following the RF pulses and decaying during the repetition interval and a spin-echo-like signal forming at its end prior to the subsequent RF pulse. Both signals may be exploited for NMR imaging if the gradient schemes fulfill the phase coherence requirements of SSFP. This article describes two Fourier acquired steady-state sequences dubbed FAST and CE-FAST, which may be used for the rapid acquisition of NMR images from the SSFP signals.
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PMID:The application of steady-state free precession in rapid 2DFT NMR imaging: FAST and CE-FAST sequences. 318 35

Not much data is available on the reliability diagnosis of IgE FAST, in comparison with other "in vitro" and "in vivo" techniques. The motive of this study was to evaluate FAST sensitivity in patients with rhinitic allergies, comparing it with RAST and the prick test. Thirty-four patients, monosensitized in 11 cases for pollen, in 16 for mites and in 7 for moulds were studied. Ten patients with negative nasal provocation were used for the control group. In a total of 133 sera, there was class concordance between FAST and prick test in 59.39% of the cases, with a r = +0.41 and p less than 0.001 correlation coefficient. Corcordance of FAST and RAST for a total of 135 sera was 65.18%. Concordance in those who had nasal positive provocation was 87.65% for FAST, 75.04% for RAST and 92.85% for prick. From our experience with FAST, in patients with allergic rhinitis for the pneumoallergens evaluated, we conclude that this test constitutes an alternative "in vitro" diagnosis in the cases indicated. We found that its advantages were its low cost in the way of human and economical resources, its greater reliability in comparison with RAST, its simple administration and it being harmiess.
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PMID:Reliability diagnosis of FAST in allergic rhinitis. Correlation with RAST, nasal provocation and prick test. 328 32

A significant reduction in symptoms scores was observed in those patients who elected to continue their immunotherapy after achieving maintenance. All of those patients developed allergen specific IgG4 within a year of post-maintenance injections. These findings suggest that a reduction of allergic symptoms is accompanied by a rise in specific IgG4 antibody against the offending allergen(s). These specific IgG4 antibodies can be induced by appropriate immunotherapy. Lastly, allergen specific IgG4 antibodies were rapidly and accurately determined using the 3M IgG4 FAST test.
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PMID:The development of specific IgG4 after immunotherapy with standardized extracts. 332 19


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