Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.11.8 (FAST)
 758 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The performance of antimycobacterial susceptibility testing for the first line drugs (isoniazid, streptomycine, rifampicin and ethambutol) with mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) and by bacteriophage amplified biological assay by FAST-plaque TB-MDR were compared to automated radiometric BACTEC 460 TB system. This study was carried on 84 sputum samples of positive Zhiel-Neelsen (ZN) smears. Sputum samples were subjected to culture and antimycobacterial susceptibility testing by BACTEC 460 TB. Samples were also tested by direct susceptibility tests for isoniazid (INH), ethambutol, rifampicin (RIF) and streptomycine by MGIT. Sensitive and resistant isolates for RIF were further studied by FAST-plaque TB-MDR for RIF resistance. The commonest resistance pattern by BACTEC 460 TB was for INH (32%) followed by RIF (24%) either alone or in combination with other drugs. Multiple drugs resistance was 20%. The agreement between BACTEC 460 TB and direct MGIT for resistant strains was 100% for INH and ethambutol, 91.7% for rifampicin, 80% for streptomycine and was 90% for MDR. FAST-plaque TB-MDR detected correctly all RIF resistant strains and 97.2% of the sensitive strains. For majority of strains direct susceptibility tests were available within 6.34-6.404 days (95% confidence interval) with direct mycobacteria growth tube, while results for FAST-plaque TB-MDR appear within 10.5-11.5 days from the time that the sputum was received in the laboratory (95% confidence interval). From this study, we could conclude that direct MGIT AST is the quickest method for screening antimycobacterial susceptibility pattern for the drugs commonly used (INH, RIF, etambutol, streptomycin) as results were available within 6.34-6.404 days. Also FAST-plaque TB-MDR method is accurate for detection of rifampicin resistance after primary culture which can be used as a surrogate marker for presence of MDR strains and the results were available within 10.5-11.5 days.
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PMID:Rapid phenotypic assay of antimycobacterial susceptibility pattern by direct mycobacteria growth indicator tube and phage amplified biological assay compared to BACTEC 460 TB. 1703 89

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT or AAT) is a serine protease inhibitor (PI) which, when present at low levels, can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and liver disease in both children and adults. Several mutations within the SERPINA1 gene have been found to cause this deficiency. The most common variants are PI*Z and PI*S, each caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). We describe a real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the rapid genotyping of these polymorphisms. DNA was extracted from fourteen EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood samples using the Qiagen EZ1 blood extraction kit. SNP genotyping was performed using primer/probe sets purchased from Applied Biosystems. These were evaluated for performance and assay conditions on the Applied Biosystems 7500 FAST System. The genotypes of these samples were compared with their phenotype results from isoelectric focusing assays, which were performed by an independent reference laboratory. In addition, twenty samples that were previously genotyped at another laboratory were obtained for accuracy studies. Thirty-four samples were tested; five genotypes were represented and the assay was able to discriminate these successfully. Only one genotype could not be correlated with its phenotype result, as the phenotype was reported as an "unidentified allele". All other genotyping results were concordant with previously determined genotypes and phenotypes. We describe a rapid real time PCR assay that is suitable for clinical use in genotyping AAT alleles and which can be used as the initial step in A1AT testing algorithms.
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PMID:Real time PCR detection of the PI*Z and PI*S mutations associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. 1995 52