Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.11.8 (FAST)
 758 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because of the growing need for an animal model of complex partial seizures based on a genetic predisposition, we combined the kindling model of epilepsy with selective-breeding procedures to develop two new lines (or strains) of rats that are kindling-prone or kindling-resistant. The selection of these strains was based on their rates of amygdala kindling. From a parent population of Long Evans hooded and Wistar rats, the males and females that showed the fastest and slowest amygdala kindling rates were selected and bred. Similar selection procedures continued through F11, although there was little or no overlap in the distribution of kindling rates for the two new strains (FAST and SLOW) by F6. Examination of both local and propagating seizure profiles of the new strains from F6 to F10 revealed that the FAST and SLOW rats had similar amygdala afterdischarge (AD) thresholds and associated AD durations. Also, the convulsion profiles of the stage-5 responses were similar, although the severity was greater in the FAST rats. Clearly the selection was not based on local mechanisms controlling the threshold for amygdala AD evocation, but rather for the spread of AD from the focus and the recruitment of other structures, ultimately triggering convulsive seizures. Although evoked potentials and potentiation effects were similar between the strains, the SLOW rats showed a greater paired-pulse depression, raising the possibility that they differ in inhibitory mechanisms. The specificity of strain differences for the amygdala and its associated networks is described in our accompanying paper (McIntyre et al., 1999. FAST and SLOW amygdala kindling rat strains: Comparison of amygdala, hippocampal, piriform and perirhinal cortex kindling. Epilepsy Res. 35, 197-209). These strains should provide many clues to the dispositional differences between individuals for the development of epilepsy originating in temporal lobe structures.
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PMID:Development of kindling-prone and kindling-resistant rats: selective breeding and electrophysiological studies. 1041 14

In our companion paper, we selectively bred offspring of a Long Evans Hooded and Wistar rat cross for either fast or slow rates of amygdala kindling (Racine et al., 1999. Development of kindling-prone and kindling resistant rats: Selective breeding and electrophysiological studies, Epilepsy Res. 35, 183-195). Within 10 generations, there was no overlap in the distribution of kindling rates between these newly developed FAST and SLOW kindling strains. In the present report, we compared the local excitability, kindling rates, and convulsion profiles of kindling sites in either the amygdala, dorsal hippocampus, piriform cortex or perirhinal cortex in the two strains. Local excitability, measured as the local afterdischarge (AD) threshold and its duration, showed varied effects between structures and strains. Before kindling, the AD threshold was lower in the FAST than the SLOW rats in the hippocampus, piriform and perirhinal cortices, but not the amygdala (the selection structure). Also, the duration of the AD threshold duration was significantly longer in the FAST than in the SLOW rats in all structures, except the CA1 hippocampus. Most of these differences were maintained after kindling. Kindling itself was significantly faster in the FAST compared with the SLOW rats in all structures; however, the different structural kindling rates showed proportional differences between strains that were about five times different in the amygdala compared with only about two times different in the hippocampus. This suggested a selection bias for the amygdala and its networks. As in other rat strains, the fastest kindling rates were seen in the perirhinal cortex followed by the piriform cortex, amygdala and hippocampus in both FAST and SLOW rats. Other important differences between strains and structures occurred in the stage-5 convulsion profiles, including latency to forelimb clonus, clonus duration and duration of associated local afterdischarges. The differences in kindling profiles between strains and structures were discussed with respect to possible underlying mechanisms, significance for epileptogenesis, and impact on other normal behaviours.
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PMID:FAST and SLOW amygdala kindling rat strains: comparison of amygdala, hippocampal, piriform and perirhinal cortex kindling. 1041 15

This study applies a multi-player arms race model to peer contagion in the aggressive and delinquent behaviors of inner-city elementary school students. Because this model of peer contagion differs from the usual model based on positive reinforcement of delinquent behavior, it raises the possibility that the persistent finding of iatrogenic effects of group treatment might not apply to group treatment of elementary school children if the possibility of aggressive behavior in the group is limited. One way of limiting aggressive behavior is to include parents in the groups. The study therefore applies the model to groups of elementary school students assigned to Families and Schools Together (FAST; a group treatment that includes parental participation) or to an intervention focused on individual families. The model effectively describes the relationship between group averages of aggressive behavior in the classroom and aggressive and delinquent behavior outside the classroom for those students assigned to the individual intervention. The model fits those children assigned to FAST less well, suggesting that FAST may make it less likely that aggressive and delinquent behavior is generalized outside of aggressive classroom settings. Editors' Strategic Implications: The authors draw on evolutionary biology, developmental psychology, sociology, and learning theory to present an innovative prevention model and test the promising FAST program. Using longitudinal data from 403 children, their parents, and their teachers, the authors describe how FAST may interfere with the process of escalating aggression.
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PMID:FAST and the arms race: the interaction of group aggression and the families and schools together program in the aggressive and delinquent behaviors of inner-city elementary school students. 1642 56

Phytochromes are red- and far-red light-reversible photoreceptors for photomorphogenesis in plants. Phytochrome A is a dimeric chromopeptide that mediates very low fluence and high irradiance responses. To analyze the surface properties of phytochrome A (phyA), the epitopes of 21 anti-phyA monoclonal antibodies were determined by variously engineered recombinant phyA proteins and the dissociation constants of seven anti-phyA monoclonal antibodies with phyA were measured using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based resonant mirror biosensor (IAsys). Purified oat phyA was immobilized on the sensor surface using a carboxymethyl dextran cuvette in advance, and the interactions of each chosen monoclonal antibody against phyA in either red light absorbing form (Pr) or far-red light absorbing form (Pfr) at different concentrations were monitored. The binding profiles were analyzed using the FAST Fit program of IAsys. The resultant values of dissociation constants clearly demonstrated the differential affinities between the phyA epitopes and the monoclonal antibodies dependent upon Pr vs. Pfr conformations. Monoclonal antibody mAP20 preferentially recognized the epitope at amino acids 653-731 in the Pr form, whereas mAA02, mAP21 and mAR07/mAR08 displayed preferential affinities for the Pfr's surfaces at epitopes 494-601 (the hinge region between the N- and C-terminal domains), 601-653 (hinge in PASI domain), and 772-1128 (C-terminal domain), respectively. The N-terminal extension (1-74) was not recognized by mAP09 and mAP15, suggesting that the N-terminal extreme is not exposed in the native conformation of phyA. On the other hand, the C-terminal domain becomes apparently exposed on Pr-to-Pfr phototransformation, suggesting an inter-domain cross-talk. The use of surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy offers a new approach to study the surface properties of phytochromes associated with the photoreversible structural changes, as well as for the study of protein-protein interactions of phytochromes with their interacting proteins involved in light signaling events in plants.
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PMID:Differential interactions of phytochrome A (Pr vs. Pfr) with monoclonal antibodies probed by a surface plasmon resonance technique. 1720 Jul 42