Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.11.26 (GSK)
 6,788 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have isolated the full-length sequence for a unique human kinase, designated TTK. TTK was initially identified by screening of a T cell expression library with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. The kinases most closely related to TTK are the SPK1 serine, threonine and tyrosine kinase, the Pim1, PBS2, and CDC2 serine/threonine kinases, and the TIK kinase which was also identified through screening of an expression library with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. However, the relationships are distant with less than 25% identity. Nevertheless, TTK is highly conserved throughout phylogeny with hybridizing sequences being detected in mammals, fish, and yeast. TTK mRNA is present at relatively high levels in testis and thymus, tissues which contain a large number of proliferating cells, but is not detected in most other benign tissues. Freshly isolated cells from most malignant tumors assessed expressed TTK mRNA. As well, all rapidly proliferating cell lines tested expressed TTK mRNA. Escherichia coli expressing the complete kinase domain of TTK contain markedly elevated levels of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine as well as slightly increased levels of phosphotyrosine. Taken together, these findings suggest that expression of TTK, a previously unidentified member of the family of kinases which can phosphorylate serine, threonine, and tyrosine hydroxyamino acids, is associated with cell proliferation.
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PMID:Expression of TTK, a novel human protein kinase, is associated with cell proliferation. 163 25

Washing buffy-coat free erythrocyte concentrates three times in bottles used for blood storage will diminish their leukocyte content to 0.22 +/- 0.11 x 10(9) per TE (= 9% of the initial value in whole blood, and the thrombocyte content to 0.3 +/- 0.5 x 10(9) per day (= 2% of the initial value in whole blood). Even 50% of leukocytes (mainly lymphocytes) and 80% of thrombocytes are eliminated simply by buffy coat separation. 30% of erythrocytes are lost by the washing process. Due to increasing haemolysis (0.22%) a subsequent storage of 24 hours should not be exceeded for washed erythrocyte concentrates. Further quality parameters, such as morphological index, pH, ATP, 2,3-P2G and K+ and Na+, were investigated. As far as selected quality parameters are concerned, washing erythrocyte concentrates three times in bottles for blood storage may be compared with washing them once in blood bags. The present findings confirm the conclusion that the washing of erythrocyte concentrates with a solution of sodium chloride in order to eliminate leukocytes may for the most part exclude non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reactions, but not immunization. More effective procedures of eliminating leukocytes, such as filtration, TTK or even glycerin, treatment of erythrocyte concentrates without cryoconservation, are indispensable.
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PMID:[Improving the quality of washed and buffy coat-free erythrocyte concentrates]. 169 88

The effect of long term intraportal infusion of insulin on liver regeneration has been studied in rats 24, 36 and 48 hrs after partial hepatectomy. Our studies showed an enhancement by insulin of some parameters of rat liver regeneration, i.e. a rapid increase of the DNA and RNA levels as well as the TTK activity in the whole liver homogenate and all the subcellular fractions examined. The influence of insulin was marked during the whole time of experiment, but the most significant changes occur during the first 24 hrs after partial hepatectomy.
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PMID:Effect of long term insulin infusion into rat portal vein on regenerating liver. 210 85

Tumors transplanted into nude mice using the TTK-1 cell lines [TTK-1(E) and TTK-1(F)] derived from normal human early decidual tissue were studied morphologically. The epithelial-like cell line TTK-1(E) and the fibroblast-like cell line TTK-1(F) were maintained in culture through one hundred and ten subcultures since July 1979. Rapidly growing tumor nodules formed at the implantation sites. The incidence of tumor growth was 100% for both cell lines. Histologically the tumors were composed of poorly-differentiated cells arranged in a cord-like structure and showed typical malignant characteristics. Immunohistochemical studies, electron microscopy and immunocytochemical studies revealed that the tumors from the two cell lines differed in many respects. The tumors formed by TTK-1(E) showed epithelial characteristics and the tumors formed by TTK-1(F) showed both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics. Therefore, TTK-1(E) might be useful as an in vitro model of endometrial cancer and TTK-1(F) as an in vitro model of both endometrial cancer and endometrial stromal tumor (containing mixed mesodermal tumor). These tumors will be valuable for future studies of the tumorigenicity and therapy of uterine malignant tumors. They may reflect the various functions of decidual tissue.
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PMID:[Ultrastructural studies of tumors transplanted into nude mice using the TTK-1 cell lines derived from normal human early decidual tissue]. 247 57

The culture supernatant of the TTK-1 cell line, established from human decidual tissue, was found to contain a factor that strongly suppressed the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The mechanism of the MLR-suppressive activity as well as the biochemical characterization of this factor was analyzed. The TTK-1 supernatant suppressed the MLR much more strongly than the culture supernatants of the three other malignant cell lines examined. The molecular weight of this factor was estimated to be between 43 kilodaltons (kd) and 67 kd by gel filtration chromatography. The TTK-1 supernatant also suppressed the proliferation of the interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent T cell lines, but did not suppress that of the IL-2-independent T cell lines, suggesting that the TTK-1 supernatant inhibited the action of IL-2 and subsequently suppressed the MLR. The fact that the TTK-1 cell line originated from human decidual tissue might imply the important role of this factor in immunological fetomaternal balance.
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PMID:Immunoregulatory factor released from a cell line derived from human decidual tissue. 295 8

The two cell lines, TTK-1 (E) and TTK-1 (F), were established from normal human decidual tissue of early gestation. The primary culture was initiated by a fragment culture technique in July, 1979 and the cultures were passaged about once every two months. Meanwhile two kinds of the cultures, the epithelial-like cell dominant one and the fibroblast-like cell dominant one, had appeared. The former has been subcultivated and maintained at a constant growth rate and designated as the TTK-1 (E) cell line. The latter showed a gradual decline in growth rate and finally growth ceased at 3 years after the initiation of the culture. The sudden onset of growth and colony formation occurred after 4 months of senescence and the fibroblast-like cell culture has been maintained at a constant growth rate and designated as TTK-1 (F) cell line. Morphological studies revealed that the TTK-1 (E) cell line had epithelial-like characteristics and TTK-1 (F) cell line had fibroblast-like features. Both cell lines showed heteroploid karyotypes and tumorigenicity in nude mice transplantation. The two cell lines appeared to be established by spontaneous neoplastic transformations and should be useful cellular models for the study of malignant endometrial tumors.
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PMID:Morphological studies on the established cell lines obtained from normal human decidual tissue of an early stage of gestation. 323 88

On the basis of data gained by autopsy the frequency of thrombotic and thromboembolic complications (TTK) was investigated by correlation analysis in unselected malignant tumour diseases and in malignant tumour diseases with tumour endocarditis (TE). The following things could be detected: 1. No increase of TTK in malignant tumour diseases compared with the total material, 2. A significant increase of TTK in tumours with TE, 3. A significant increase of TTK with an increasing histological tumour differentiation and an increasing inflammatory current reaction of the tumour, and 4. Parallel behaviour of tumours with TTK and those with TE concerning primary tumours. TTK was interpreted as the cause of an abnormally enhanced tendency of blood coagulation on the basis of an immunocomplex disease, because: 1. The coagulation system is being activated by circulating immunocomplexes, 2. Circulating immunocomplexes will increase with tumour parameters, differentiation, and current reaction, and 3. Frequency of TTK and TE will increase with the same parameters.
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PMID:[Statistical studies on thrombotic complications and the incidence of endocarditis neoplastic diseases]. 616 48

A simple method of cryopreservation (TTK) of lymphocytes is presented. The functional properties of TTK-lymphocytes are examined by the lymphocyte toxicity micro test and in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). 51Cr-release technique is performed as a measure for reversible and irreversible cell damages in the course of the Cryopreservation process.
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PMID:[Functional characteristic of TTK-lymphocytes in vitro, cytotoxicity and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)]. 616 98

The transfusion protocols of 70 patients with haematological diseases were evaluated and compared. 68 patients of them received frozen erythrocyte concentrates stored at low temperatures (TTK-EK). A total of 1,183 courses of transfusion with 2,744 transfusion units (TE) were examined for erythrocyte substitution. 841 normal erythrocyte concentrates (n. EK), 905 washed erythrocyte concentrates (gew. EK), and 998 frozen erythrocyte concentrates were transfused. With 0.5% the rate of side-effects after frozen erythrocyte concentrates lay significantly lower than after other suspensions. Indications and advantages of TTK-EK are discussed. The application of double units is further recommended.
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PMID:[The use of erythrocyte concentrates, preserved at low temperature, in hematologic patients]. 617 5

Two cell lines, TTK-1(E) and TTK-1(F), derived from normal human early decidual tissue have been maintained in culture through forty subcultures since July, 1979. These cell lines were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice at 6 weeks of age to investigate their tumorigenicity. Rapidly growing tumor nodules formed at the site of implantation. The incidence of tumor growth was 60% in TTK-1(E) and 80% in TTK-1(F). The tumor tissues were composed of poorly differentiated cells arranged in cord-like and/or gland-like structures, and showed the malignant histological characteristics. Light microscopic and electron microscopic studies revealed that the properties of the tumor cell populations are identical with those of the culture cells of the two cell lines before implantation. These results obviously indicated that the tumors had grown from the implanted cells. Although the tumors developed from the respective two cell line showed some common histological features, they apparently differed in light microscopic and electron microscopic findings. Tumorigenesis with malignant features could be attributed to the in vitro spontaneous neoplastic transformations during successive subcultures, which might be useful as an in vitro model of endometrial carcinogenesis.
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PMID:[Tumorigenicity of the cell lines (TTK-1 cell lines) derived from normal human decidua in nude mice]. 651 29


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