Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.11.22 (cdc2)
 8,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The developmental competence of bovine oocytes meiotically arrested with specific cdk2 inhibitor roscovitine was studied. After removal of the 32-h block with roscovitine, 82.7 +/- 5.4% reached the metaphase II stage at the end of maturation, which was lower than in controls (96.3 +/- 1.3%, p < 0.001). The process of polar body formation started at 11 h of maturation in the roscovitine group, that is 4 h earlier than in controls and its kinetics was quite similar to controls up to 16 h of maturation, when nearly 70% of oocytes extruded their polar bodies. The rate of blastocyst formation of roscovitine oocytes and their cell number after IVF, parthenogenetic activation, and nuclear transfer (NT) were equal to controls, which demonstrates the possibility of artificially maintaining bovine oocytes in the GV stage for 32 h without altering their preimplantation developmental competence. This approach can be very useful for the management of an NT program where enucleated oocytes are required at specific times or locations.
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PMID:Kinetics of oocyte maturation and subsequent development of IVF, parthenogenetic, and NT bovine embryos after meiotic inhibition with roscovitine. 1217 4

It is accepted that approximately 50% of embryos obtained after IVF arrest during the first week. Traditionally, chromosome abnormality and suboptimal culture conditions have been proposed as factors commonly associated with embryo arrest. However, even when considering 'ideal' conditions and embryos of only excellent morphology in vitro, there is still a significant incidence of embryonic arrest. There is considerable evidence that the nuclear protein p27, a member of the Cip/Kip family of CDK inhibitors, plays an important role in multiple fundamental cellular processes, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. The present investigation, using immunocytochemical techniques coupled with confocal microscopy, was undertaken to determine whether p27 could play a role in the arrest of 4-8-cell human embryos. A total of 28 preimplantation embryos at the 4-8-cell stage were investigated. Of these, 16 were diploid embryos showing cleavage arrest with no further progression, and 12 were normally developing embryos. There was a 2-fold increased expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 in arrested embryos compared with control normally developing embryos. This study represents the first demonstration of an increased expression of p27 in cleavage-stage human arrested embryos.
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PMID:Increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 in cleavage-stage human embryos exhibiting developmental arrest. 1235 41

Steroid hormones, such as progesterone, oestrogen, androgen and meiosis activating sterols, are secreted from cumulus cells that are stimulated by gonadotrophins during maturation of oocytes in vitro. These steroid hormones may be absorbed by mineral oil or paraffin oil; however, in vitro maturation of pig oocytes is commonly performed using medium covered by oil. In this study, high concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol and testosterone were detected in the culture medium after pig cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured with FSH and LH for 44 h in medium without an oil overlay. However, high concentrations of these steroid hormones were not detected in medium when COCs were cultured with the mineral oil overlay. When high concentrations of these steroid hormones were secreted by COCs, germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and the activation of p34(cdc2) kinase and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in oocytes occurred earlier in comparison with oocytes cultured in medium covered with mineral oil. Moreover, a decrease in p34(cdc2) kinase activity during meiotic progression beyond metaphase I was observed in oocytes cultured in conditions under which high concentrations of steroid hormones were secreted by COCs. In addition, the rate of development to the blastocyst stage after IVF was higher in oocytes matured in medium without an oil overlay. These adverse effects of oil may be explained by absorption by the oil of cumulus-secreted steroids or by the release of toxic compounds into the medium.
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PMID:Delay of nuclear maturation and reduction in developmental competence of pig oocytes after mineral oil overlay of in vitro maturation media. 1236 74

The low number of embryos obtained from IVM-IVF-IVC of prepubertal goat oocytes could be due to an incomplete cytoplasmic maturation. Roscovitine (ROS) inhibits MPF and MAP kinase activity and maintains the oocyte at Germinal Vesicle (GV) stage. The aim of this study was to determine if meiotic activity is arrested in prepubertal goat oocytes cultured with 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 microM of ROS for 24 h. A group of oocytes from adult goats was cultured with 25 microM of ROS to compare the effect of ROS on prepubertal and adult goat oocytes. A sample of oocytes was stained to evaluate the nuclear stage at oocyte collection time and after ROS incubation. IVM-oocytes not exposed to ROS formed the control group. Prepubertal goat IVM-oocytes were inseminated and cultured for 8 days. The percentage of oocytes at GV stage, after exposition to ROS was significantly higher in adult goat oocytes (64.5%) than in prepubertal goat oocytes. No differences were found among 25, 50 and 100 microM ROS concentrations (29, 23 and 26%, oocytes at GV stage, respectively). After 8 days of culture, no differences in total embryos were observed between control oocytes and oocytes treated with 12.5 and 25 microM (45.2, 36.1 and 39.4%, respectively), however the percentage of blastocysts was higher in the control group. Western blot for the MAPK and p34(cdc2) showed that both enzymes were active in prepubertal goat oocytes after 24h of ROS exposition. In conclusion, a low percentage of prepubertal goat oocytes reached GV stage after ROS incubation; possibly because most of them had reinitiated the meiosis inside the follicle. ROS did not affect fertilization or total embryos but ROS showed a negative effect on blastocyst development.
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PMID:Effect of roscovitine on nuclear maturation, MPF and MAP kinase activity and embryo development of prepubertal goat oocytes. 1629 45