Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.11.22 (cdc2)
 8,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The growth patterns of individual cells of the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe wild-type cells, strain 972 h-; cells exposed to hydroxyurea; and cdc mutants, 11-123, 2-33) were investigated by time-lapse photomicrography. Wild-type cells showed one, two, or three linear-growth segments followed by a constant-length stage. Cells with two segments were most frequent. Hydroxyurea cells that divided as oversized cells (about three times the birth length) had three linear-growth segments in a cycle. Mutant cdc11-123 cells did not divide but had a constant-length stage separating the cycles; both the first and second cycles consisted of two linear-growth segments, and cells were oversized at the second constant-length stage (about 3.5 times the birth length). Elongating cdc2-33 cells that did not divide and were oversized (about five times the birth length) while under observation, showed four linear-growth segments. Cells of all strains showed 30 to 40% increase in growth rate at the rate-change point and maintained approximate exponential (pseudo-exponential) growth. We conclude that the normal growth pattern of individual fission-yeast cells is the pseudo-exponential pattern.
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PMID:Pseudo-exponential growth in length of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 323 58

Telomerase activity is involved in telomere length maintenance. Leukocytes, unlike many human somatic tissues, have detectable telomerase activity. These cells provide a normal human cell type in which to study telomerase. We studied the regulation of telomerase activity and the telomerase RNA component as leukocytes were stimulated to enter the cell cycle. In primary human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, telomerase activity increased > 10-fold as naturally quiescent cells entered the cell cycle. Antibodies to the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex and the costimulatory CD28 receptor induced telomerase activity in a T cell-enriched population of cells. Rapamycin, an immunosuppressant that blocks TCR/CD3 signal transduction pathways and cdk2 activation, blocked telomerase induction. Hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of S phase, did not block cdk2 kinase activity or telomerase activation. In summary, telomerase is regulated in G1 phase as normal human T cells enter the cell cycle.
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PMID:Telomerase regulation during entry into the cell cycle in normal human T cells. 888 38

Osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) induces differentiation of mouse RAW264 cells to mature osteoclasts. To understand the mechanism controlling a coupling between withdrawal from the cell cycle and differentiation, we examined cell cycle progression and expression profiles of cell cycle regulatory genes at the initial phase in committed cells. ODF rapidly converted the hyperphosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) into the hypophosphorylated form. The p21 protein was induced by ODF treatment in the same time course with that of dephosphorylation of pRb, followed by a sharp decline. After this period, a delayed entry of the S phase started accompanying the induction of CycD3 and cdk6 in differentiating cells. Hydroxyurea treatment indicated that the S phase entry was a prerequisite for osteoclast formation. Thus, ODF induces pleiotropic effects on cell cycle regulatory genes in RAW264 cells during the initial phase of the differentiation process to osteoclasts.
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PMID:Osteoclast differentiation factor modulates cell cycle machinery and causes a delay in s phase progression in RAW264 cells. 1126 4