Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.11.22 (cdc2)
 8,319 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Creatinine-based equations to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have recently been advocated over serum creatinine values as a valuable tool to more accurately assess kidney function. The Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation requires a body weight parameter, whereas the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equations do not. In this study we evaluated the effect of the calculated body surface area (BSA) on MDRD values in professional athletes characterized from different body mass index, gender, and sport discipline. Serum creatinine concentration was measured by Jaffe reaction in 17 male rugby players and 28 male and 26 female swimmers, before the start of training and throughout the competitive season. The values of estimated GFR (eGFR) calculated for creatinine determination by means of CG and CDK-EPI with respect to MDRD formula showed a significant difference in different groups of athletes. The statistical significance was confirmed for BSA-corrected MDRD-derived eGFR values in rugby players and in male swimmers, but not in female swimmers, who showed a BSA close to the "standard" value of 1.73 m(2) traditionally included in MDRD equation. The CG equation can overestimate the eGFR in healthy overweight subjects such as rugby players, whereas the MDRD formula systematically underestimates it. The differences between the two equations increase as a function of BMI, appearing highest in rugby players and lowest in female swimmers. Real BSA correction of the MDRD equation could help to avoid an overestimation of renal excretory function in subjects with increased BSA.
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PMID:Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by MDRD equation in athletes: role of body surface area. 2151 89

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a relatively higher incidence in many countries of Asia. Globally, HCC has a high fatality rate and short survival. Epirubicin, a doxorubicin analogue, may be administered alone or in combination with other agents to treat primary liver cancer and metastatic diseases. However, the toxic effects of epirubicin to normal tissues and cells have been one of the major obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the effects of epirubicin in combination with kappa-selenocarrageenan on mice with H22 implanted tumors and HepG-2 cell proliferation, immune organ index, morphology, cell cycle and related protein expressions in vivo and in vitro with sequential drug exposure. The inhibitory rate of tumor growth in vivo was calculated. Drug sensitivity was measured by MTT assay, and the King's principle was used to evaluate the interaction of drug combination. Morphological changes were observed by fluorescent microscopy. Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 were detected by Western blotting. In vivo results demonstrated that the inhibitory rate of EPI combined with KSC was higher than that of KSC or EPI alone, and the Q value indicated an additive effect. In addition, KSC could significantly raise the thymus and spleen indices of mice with H22 implanted tumors. In the drug sensitivity assay in vitro, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously was more effective than exposure sequentially in HepG-2 cells, while exposure to KSC prior to EPI was more effective than exposure to EPI prior to KSC. Q values showed an additive effect in the simultaneous group and antagonistic effects in the sequential groups. Morphological analysis showed similar results to the drug sensitivity assay. Cell cycle analysis revealed that exposure to KSC or EPI alone arrested the cells in S phase in HepG-2 cells, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously caused accumulation in the S phase, an effect caused by either KSC or EPI. Expression of cyclin A, Cdc25A and Cdk2 protein was down-regulated following exposure to KSC and EPI alone or in combination, exposure to KSC and EPI simultaneously resulting in the lowest values. Taken together, our findings suggest that KSC in combination with EPI might have potential as a new therapeutic regimen against HCC.
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PMID:Schedule-dependent effects of kappa-selenocarrageenan in combination with epirubicin on hepatocellular carcinoma. 2487 Jul 73