Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
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Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
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Query: EC:2.7.11.17 (
CaMKII
)
4,029
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The aim of this chapter is to discuss evidence concerning the many roles of calcium ions, Ca
2+
, in cell signaling pathways that control heart function. Before considering details of these signaling pathways, the control of contraction in ventricular muscle by Ca
2+
transients accompanying cardiac action potentials is first summarized, together with a discussion of how myocytes from the atrial and pacemaker regions of the heart diverge from this basic scheme. Cell signaling pathways regulate the size and timing of the Ca
2+
transients in the different heart regions to influence function. The simplest Ca
2+
signaling elements involve enzymes that are regulated by cytosolic Ca
2+
. Particularly important examples to be discussed are those that are stimulated by Ca
2+
, including Ca
2+
-calmodulin-dependent kinase (
CaMKII
), Ca
2+
stimulated adenylyl cyclases, Ca
2+
stimulated phosphatase and NO synthases. Another major aspect of Ca
2+
signaling in the heart concerns actions of the Ca
2+
mobilizing agents, inositol trisphosphate (IP
3
), cADP-ribose (cADPR) and
nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide
phosphate, (NAADP). Evidence concerning roles of these Ca
2+
mobilizing agents in different regions of the heart is discussed in detail. The focus of the review will be on short term regulation of Ca
2+
transients and contractile function, although it is recognized that Ca
2+
regulation of gene expression has important long term functional consequences which will also be briefly discussed.
...
PMID:Calcium Signaling in the Heart. 3164 19
