Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C)
 49,245 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our laboratory has reported previously the characteristics of specific AVP binding to rat hippocampal synaptic membranes (SPM) in the presence of Ni2+ [Costantini MG, Pearlmutter AF: J Biol Chem 259: 11739-11745, 1984]. We extended our investigation to determine the effects of Ni2+, (AVP), and AVP analogs on SPM protein phosphorylation. Ni2+ (5 mM) caused a dramatic reduction in phosphorylation of most SPM phosphoproteins. The most prominent protein which is phosphorylated in SPM has a molecular weight of 48 kilodaltons (KDa) and has been named B50 or F1; this protein shows altered phosphorylation in vitro in response to long-term potentiation in vivo as well as changes induced by exposure of SPM to ACTH (1-24), dopamine, and somatostatin. AVP and related peptides reduced phosphorylation of this pre-synaptic phosphoprotein in the following order of potency: AVP = oxytocin greater than DG-AVP greater than dDAVP greater than d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP = [pGlu4,Cyt6]AVP-(4-9). Except for the pressor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP, this corresponds to their relative efficacy in displacing 3H-AVP from high-affinity specific binding sites on rat hippocampal synaptic membranes. Ni2+ did not alter the degree of inhibition caused by the peptides. When SPM were treated with AVP after the attainment of maximum 32P incorporation, AVP inhibited dephosphorylation over a 30-min period. Our results show that AVP can alter both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of hippocampal SPM phosphoproteins in vitro; the direction of these effects depends upon experimental conditions. Since B50/F1 is known to be a substrate for protein kinase C, AVP may act by inhibition of protein kinase C activity, either directly or indirectly.
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PMID:Effects of arginine vasopressin on protein phosphorylation in rat hippocampal synaptic membranes. 303 58

We explored the role for protein kinase C (PKC) in modulating vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated hydraulic conductivity (Lp) in rabbit cortical collecting tubule (CCT) perfused in vitro at 37 degrees C. In control studies, 10 microU/ml AVP increased Lp (mean +/- SE, X 10(-7) centimeters/atmosphere per second) from 4.4 +/- 0.9 to 166.0 +/- 10.4. Pretreatment with dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8) suppressed AVP stimulated peak Lp (peak Lp, 21.9 +/- 3.1). Pretreatment with 10(-9) and 10(-7) M 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA) also blocked the increase in Lp in a dose-dependent fashion (peak Lp, 59.3 +/- 7.5 and 18.6 +/- 4.8, respectively). Inactive phorbol ester, 4 alpha-phorbol 12 beta,13 alpha-didecanoate (10(-7) M), had no effect. PMA also suppressed the increase in Lp induced by 10(-4) M 8-p-chlorophenylthio-cyclic AMP (CcAMP): peak Lp was 169.4 +/- 14.9 in control, 79.2 +/- 5.5 with 10(-9) M PMA, and 25.7 +/- 2.9 with 10(-7) M PMA. Furthermore, when 10(-7) M PMA was added to the bath 10 min after exposure to AVP, the Lp response to AVP was blocked. Peak Lp was 52.4 +/- 9.6 with PMA vs. 165.1 +/- 10.0 in control. Phosphatidic acid (PA), which is thought to stimulate phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover, produced similar inhibitory effects on AVP as well as CcAMP-stimulated Lp: PA suppressed 10-microU/ml AVP-induced peak Lp from a control value of 159.6 +/- 7.9 to 88.9 +/- 15.8, and 10(-4) M CcAMP induced peak Lp from 169.4 +/- 14.9 to 95.5 +/- 7.7. We conclude that PMA, at concentrations known to specifically activate PKC, suppresses the hydroosmotic effect of AVP on CCT; This suppression is primarily a post-cAMP event; Inhibition of AVP-stimulated Lp by DiC8 and PA also suggests an inhibitory role for the PKC system; The ability of pre- and post-AVP administration of PMA to blunt the AVP response suggests that agents that act through modulation of PI turnover in CCT may regulate the hydroosmotic effect of AVP.
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PMID:Phorbol myristate acetate, dioctanoylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid inhibit the hydroosmotic effect of vasopressin on rabbit cortical collecting tubule. 303 63

The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the multihormonally regulated ACTH secretory responses of rat anterior pituitary cells was examined in control cells or after pretreatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of PKC. Using affinity-purified polyclonal antiserum raised against purified rat brain PKC, immunoprecipitable PKC was demonstrated in [35S]methionine-labeled cells appearing as a doublet of 78/80 kilodaltons. Long-term treatment (24 h) of cells with 0.6 microM TPA caused the specific loss of immunologically reactive PKC. Consistently, TPA pretreatment decreased the amount of phosphatidylserine-dependent protein kinase activity measured in vitro by 90%. In control cells, vasopressin (AVP) stimulated ACTH secretion and potentiated ACTH secretion stimulated by CRF. After a 24-h treatment with 0.6 microM TPA, secretory responses to AVP and the potentiating effect of AVP on CRF action were completely abolished. In contrast, CRF action on ACTH secretion, thought to be mediated by cAMP, was unaffected. Similarly, forskolin- and 8 bromo-cAMP-induced ACTH secretion remained unchanged after TPA pretreatment. These results indicate a crucial role for PKC in mediating the effects of AVP on ACTH secretion and on the potentiating action of AVP on CRF-induced secretion from corticotropic cells of the anterior pituitary.
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PMID:Phorbol ester-induced down-regulation of protein kinase C abolishes vasopressin-mediated responses in rat anterior pituitary cells. 315 77

Serosal preincubation of frog skin with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, TPA, an activator of protein kinase C, inhibits the hydrosmotic response elicited by vasopressin (AVP) but not that induced by 8br-cAMP. This proves that serosal TPA primarily influences a pre-cAMP step. The TPA-induced inhibition of AVP response appears to be related to TPA-induced prostaglandin synthesis. The pretreatment with naproxen, in fact, prevents the inhibition induced by serosal TPA on the AVP response. On the contrary, mucosal TPA produces a more marked inhibition of the response to AVP and significantly diminishes the water flow induced by 8br-cAMP; this suggests that mucosal TPA interferes mainly with a post-cAMP step. Furthermore, naproxen is unable to completely prevent the inhibition induced by mucosal TPA on AVP response thus indicating that mucosal TPA may also activate a prostaglandin-independent mechanism able to inhibit one of the last steps of the hydrosmotic response to AVP.
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PMID:Phorbol ester effect on the hydrosmotic response to vasopressin in frog skin. 349 87

The effect of the protein kinase C activator TPA was investigated on AVP-induced 45Ca release from rat aortic myocytes. In the nanomolar range TPA, but not 4 beta-phorbol, reduced the brief 45Ca efflux produced by AVP in the presence or in the absence of extracellular calcium. The maximal effect of TPA was to abolish the response to a half maximally active concentration of AVP, and to reduce by 50% the maximal response to the hormone. These results suggest that protein kinase C activation can exert a negative control on the early AVP-induced calcium mobilization in vascular smooth muscle.
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PMID:Phorbol ester inhibition of vasopressin-induced calcium efflux from cultured rat aortic myocytes. 374 76

In the present study, we examined the effect of vasopressin (AVP) on phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D activity in primary cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. AVP stimulation of choline formation was dose dependent. The time-course was quite different from those of inositol phosphates. The effect of AVP on the formation of inositol phosphates (EC50 was 3 nM) was more potent than that on the formation of choline (EC50 was 30 nM). 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), stimulated the formation of choline. However, 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, which is inactive for PKC, had little effect. Staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinases, which inhibited the TPA-induced formation of choline, had little effect on the AVP-induced formation of choline. Neither calphostin C, a highly specific PKC inhibitor, nor PKC down-regulation with TPA affected AVP-induced formation of choline. A combination of AVP and TPA additively stimulated the formation of choline. The depletion of extracellular Ca2+ by (ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid significantly reduced the AVP-induced formation of choline. W-7, an antagonist of calmodulin, inhibited the AVP-induced formation of choline in a dose-dependent manner. NaF, an activator for GTP-binding protein (G-protein), stimulated the formation of choline. However, the formation of choline by a combination of AVP and NaF was not additive. Pertussis toxin had little effect on the AVP-induced formation of choline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vasopressin activates phospholipase D through pertussis toxin-insensitive GTP-binding protein in aortic smooth muscle cells: function of Ca2+/calmodulin. 757 93

Studies were performed to determine the primary signal transduction mechanism that mediates adenosine stimulation of electrogenic sodium transport in renal epithelial cells. Experiments were performed on cultured amphibian A6 cells with an adenosine analogue that preferentially binds to the A1 receptor, cyclohexyladenosine (CHA). Sodium transport was assessed by the equivalent short circuit current (Ieq). CHA was found to stimulate Ieq via activation of an A1 receptor because (1) the threshold concentration was 1 nM compared to that of 10 microM for the specific A2 agonist CGS21680, (2) CHA inhibited vasopressin (AVP)-stimulated cAMP production by a pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism, and (3) the action of CHA was inhibited by the A1 antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX). CHA increased intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and stimulated phosphoinositide turnover at concentrations that increased Ieq and in a time course that paralleled the increase in Ieq. Ion transport was stimulated by a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism because the CHA induced increase in Ieq was inhibited by chelating [Ca2+]i with 5,5'dimethyl BAPTA in a dose-dependent manner, with a Ki of approximately 10 microM. The increase in Ieq was also dose-dependently inhibited by the specific PKC inhibitors dihydroxychlorpromazine and chelerythrine, and by trifluoperazine which inhibits PKC and calmodulin. Further studies indicated that CHA-stimulated Ieq was independent of cAMP generation because CHA did not induce an increase in cAMP accumulation parallel to the increase in Ieq in a dose-response analysis, and the adenylate cyclase inhibitor 2',5' dideoxy-adenosine (DDA) did not affect the CHA-induced increase in Ieq.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adenosine stimulation of Na+ transport is mediated by an A1 receptor and a [Ca2+]i-dependent mechanism. 764 26

We have recently shown that AVP causes a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent increase in ACTH release and biosynthesis in ovine anterior pituitary cells. In these cells, AVP also causes the translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the cell membrane which is maximal at 5 min, but the intracellular events distal to protein kinase C activation that underlie ACTH secretion have not been well characterized to date. Since the MARCKS protein has been implicated in neurosecretion and is phosphorylated by PKC in synaptosomes, studies were carried out to determine whether AVP might cause MARCKS phosphorylation in the ovine anterior pituitary, and to determine whether this phenomenon might be temporally correlated with PKC translocation and the release of ACTH. When cytosolic fractions of rat brain, ovine anterior pituitary, and cultured ovine anterior pituitary cells were incubated with purified PKC, several proteins were phosphorylated including those in the region of 83-85 kDa. After precipitation of the proteins with 40% acetic acid, the 83-85 kDa phosphoproteins were selectively recovered in the acid soluble phase. Phosphopeptide maps of either the 83 or 85 kDa proteins were generated with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and revealed 13 and 9 kDa phosphopeptides, which are characteristic of the authentic MARCKS protein. An identical phosphopeptide map was also obtained when the MARCKS protein was selectively extracted from intact 32P-labeled anterior pituitary cells. MARCKS phosphorylation was markedly increased when ovine anterior pituitary cells were exposed to 1 microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). When the cells were exposed to 1 microM AVP, MARCKS phosphorylation increased at 15 s and reached the maximal plateau value at 30 s. MARCKS phosphorylation then started to diminish at 2 min, and baseline levels were attained by 10 min. In the same cells, AVP stimulated ACTH release in a biphasic manner-during the first 30 s, there resulted a rapid burst of ACTH secretion that was followed by a slower, but sustained rate of secretion. We conclude that: (1) AVP causes a rapid, and reversible, phosphorylation of the MARCKS protein in the ovine anterior pituitary; (2) since the AVP-induced increase in MARCKS phosphorylation occurs much earlier in these cells than does PKC trans-location, MARCKS phosphorylation may provide a more sensitive index of the onset of PKC activation than the translocation assay; (3) the close temporal association between MARCKS phosphorylation and the rapid early release of ACTH suggests that MARCKS phosphorylation may be involved in the initial intracellular events that underly exocytosis of the hormone.
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PMID:Arginine vasopressin (AVP) causes the reversible phosphorylation of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein in the ovine anterior pituitary: evidence that MARCKS phosphorylation is associated with adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion. 785 29

We investigated whether cell volume decrease per se can activate intracellular mechanisms leading to mesangial cell contraction. For this purpose, we applied hyperosmotic stress to cultured glomerular mesangial cells and examined the effects on phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLCP). Compared with control cells, hyperosmotic stress (390 mosmol/kg) attained by either NaCl or raffinose significantly increased MLCP to 140.7 +/- 7.0% (n = 5) and 134.8 +/- 7.7% (n = 4), respectively, in parallel with a decrease in the cell volume. This increase was comparable to that achieved by the following agonists: arginine vasopressin (AVP, 100 nM; n = 5) and endothelin-1 (ET, 10 nM; n = 5). By using two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping, contribution of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) and protein kinase C (PKC) to the observed phosphorylation was examined by identifying phosphorylation at serine-19 (by MLCK) and at serine-1 or serine-2 (by PKC). Under resting conditions, relative distribution of phosphorylation between MLCK and PKC sites was 60.1 +/- 8.4 and 39.9 +/- 8.4%. The relative contribution by these enzymes remained similar during hyperosmotic stress or agonist stimulation. Since cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is an important determinant of MLCP, we also examined [Ca2+]i in these settings. While AVP and ET-induced a characteristic transient spike in [Ca2+]i, hyperosmotic stress caused a gradual and modest increase in [Ca2+]i. These studies show that, in mesangial cells, reduction in cell volume induces MLCP through mechanisms distinct from those involved in agonist-induced events.
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PMID:Volume and agonist-induced regulation of myosin light-chain phosphorylation in glomerular mesangial cells. 845 55

Treatment of rat 3Y1 fibroblasts with vasopressin (AVP) results in a transient activation of MAP kinase as potent as with EGF and serum. An antagonist of vasopressin receptor V1, but not an antagonist of V2, inhibited the AVP-induced activation of MAP kinases, indicating that AVP activates MAP kinases through V1 receptor. Prolonged TPA treatment of cells resulted in partial MAP kinase activation, indicating the presence of PKC-independent pathway. The pathway was inhibited by wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3-kinase. The results suggest that wortmannin-sensitive molecules such as PI3-kinase, are involved in the V1 receptor-mediated activation of the MAP kinase pathway independent of TPA-sensitive PKC.
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PMID:Wortmannin inhibits the activation of MAP kinase following vasopressin V1 receptor stimulation. 854 62


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