Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.11.11 (AMPK)
 12,425 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During meiotic maturation of Xenopus laevis stage 6 oocytes into unfertilized eggs, 40S ribosomal protein S6 undergoes multiple phosphorylation. Extracts prepared from unfertilized eggs are up to 10-fold more efficient in phosphorylating S6 than those prepared from immature oocytes. When analyzed by DEAE chromatography the S6 kinase activity elutes as a single peak. If extracts from unfertilized eggs are prepared in the absence of beta-glycerol phosphate, a putative phosphatase inhibitor, there is a severe reduction in recovered S6 kinase activity. Under optimal conditions, incubation of unfertilized egg extracts with 40S ribosomes in the presence of ATP leads to the average incorporation of 3.5 mol of phosphate/mol of S6. Prior incubation of these extracts with the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor does not inhibit S6 phosphorylation indicating that another kinase is responsible. Analysis of the in vitro phosphorylated peptides demonstrates that they migrate to the equivalent position of those observed previously in vivo and in vitro. More strikingly, if each of the increasingly phosphorylated derivatives of S6 is analyzed independently, it is found that the phosphopeptides appear in a specific order.
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PMID:Activation of ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation during meiotic maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes: in vitro ordered appearance of S6 phosphopeptides. 370 23

Soluble extracts from nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated PC12 cells prepared by alkaline lysis show a two- to 10-fold greater ability to phosphorylate the 40S ribosomal protein S6 than do extracts from control cells. The alkaline lysis method yields a preparation of much higher specific activity than does sonication. Half-maximal incorporation of 32P from [32P]ATP into S6 occurred after 4-7 min of NGF treatment. The partially purified NGF-sensitive S6 kinase has a molecular weight of 45,000. It is not inhibited by NaCl, chlorpromazine, or the specific inhibitor of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase, nor is it activated by addition of diolein plus phosphatidylserine. Trypsin treatment of either crude extracts or partially purified S6 kinase from control or NGF-treated cells was without effect. These data suggest that the S6 kinase stimulated by NGF is neither cAMP-dependent protein kinase or protein kinase C nor the result of tryptic activation of an inactive proenzyme. Treatment of intact cells with dibutyryl cAMP or 5'-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine also increases the subsequent cell-free phosphorylation of S6. This observation suggests that cAMP-dependent protein kinase may be involved in the phosphorylation of S6 kinase.
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PMID:A nerve growth factor-sensitive S6 kinase in cell-free extracts from PC12 cells. 377 74

Protein kinase capable of phosphorylating 40S ribosomal protein S6 on serine residues has been detected in chicken embryo fibroblasts. This activity appears to be regulated in direct response to expression of pp60v-src in chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with a temperature-sensitive transformation mutant of Rous sarcoma virus. Partially purified S6 kinase was highly specific for S6 in 40S ribosomal subunits. The S6 kinase was not inhibited by calcium or by the heat-stable inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, nor was it activated by phosphatidylserine, diacylglycerol, and calcium. Thus, it is distinct from protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which are capable of phosphorylating S6 in vitro. The tumor-promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also stimulated ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity in serum-starved chicken embryo fibroblasts, whereas phorbol, the inactive analog of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, had no effect. S6 kinase activity stimulated by expression of pp60v-src, by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or by serum growth factors exhibited similar chromatographic properties upon ion-exchange chromatography. These results suggest that a common protein kinase may be activated by three diverse stimuli all involved in regulating cell proliferation.
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PMID:Regulation of a ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity by the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, serum, or phorbol ester. 393 63

Epidermal growth factor (10(-9)M), prostaglandin (8.5 X 10(-7)M), F2 alpha, and insulin (10(-9)M), each of which only leads to a partial phosphorylation of 40S ribosomal protein S6, generate the same first eight phosphopeptides induced by 10% serum, suggesting all three activate a common regulatory pathway for the phosphorylation of S6. Added together, they induce almost maximal S6 phosphorylation and a phosphopeptide pattern nearly equivalent to that of serum. Unlike the agents above, 8-Br-cAMP or PGE1 has no significant effect on protein synthesis, but does induce a small increase in S6 phosphorylation. Surprisingly, the three peptides that become phosphorylated are identical with insulin-induced phosphopeptides 10b, 11, and 9, based on either comigration, limited acid hydrolysis, or V8 protease digestion. Incubation of 40S subunits with cAMP-dependent protein kinase induces the phosphorylation of these same three phosphopeptides. The in vitro and in vivo studies described here raise the possibility that cAMP could, in part, be responsible for mediating the phosphorylation of S6 during the mitogenic response.
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PMID:EGF, PGF2 alpha and insulin induce the phosphorylation of identical S6 peptides in swiss mouse 3T3 cells: effect of cAMP on early sites of phosphorylation. 631 14