Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.11.11 (AMPK)
 12,425 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Piceatannol (3,4,3'5'-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene), a plant secondary natural product that had previously been identified as an antileukemic principle, has been shown to be an inhibitor of protein-tyrosine kinase activity. Piceatannol inhibits the purified thymocyte protein-tyrosine kinase, p40, by competing for the peptide or protein substrate binding site (Ki = 15 microM). Piceatannol also inhibits the activity of the p56lck protein-tyrosine kinase measured either in LSTRA cell membranes or in intact cells. In contrast, piceatannol does not inhibit the activity of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
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PMID:Piceatannol (3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor. 259 Feb 24

cAMP is involved in the differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease. cAMP levels are elevated in the infective, non-dividing metacyclic trypomastigote stage, with respect to the non-infective, proliferative, epimastigote stage. In both stages three is a cAMP receptor protein (CARPT), with unique properties that differentiate it from the regulatory subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (RI and RII). The CARPT from T. cruzi epimastigotes was purified using ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography and gel filtration. After the final step of purification, two protein bands were obtained, p89 and p70, corresponding to the intact CARPT and its proteolytic product. These two CARPT polypeptides were utilized to prepare polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. Previous results from our laboratory showed that CARPT cross-reacts with polyclonal antibodies prepared against the regulatory subunit (RII) of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). As expected from these results, the anti-CARPT antibody recognized purified RII protein in an ELISA assay. The anti-CARPT antibodies were used for immunoblot analyses of epimastigote lysates. The two bands corresponding to the CARPT (p89 and p70), as well as a p40 band, were recognized. Immunoscreening of a T. cruzi lambda ZAP cDNA library with these anti-CARPT polyclonal antibodies yielded one positive clone (pBSCARPT) which contained a 540 bp insert. Northern analyses using the pBSCARPT clone as a probe, showed a 5.2 kb mRNA band in epimastigotes, which were grown in culture from 2 to 10 days in LIT medium. Sequence analyses of the 540 bp insert have failed to show homology to other gene sequences in the database.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:cAMP receptor protein from Trypanosoma cruzi: purification and cloning of a short sequence of the corresponding cDNA. 767 May 37

Previously we showed that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production and increased interleukin (IL)-6 release at low concentrations via activation of the cAMP pathway in mouse peritoneal macrophages (Mphi). In this study we examined whether CGRP could modulate IL-12 release from mouse peritoneal Mphi, and if so, what signal transduction pathway was involved. Mphi were obtained from the peritoneal exudate of male BALB/c mice. The cells were plated on culture dishes at a density of 5 x 105 cells per well and allowed to adhere for 2 hr. After incubation for 24 hr, the Mphi were cultured with 0.1 microg/ml of LPS, alone or together with CGRP (1-1000 nM) for 24 hr. The amount of IL-12 in the cell medium was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that CGRP attenuated LPS-induced IL-12 release in a concentration-dependent manner. Production of IL-12 was decreased from 95.9+/-4.6 to 73.4+/-5.7 pg/ml by 100 nM CGRP. The two cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX) and rolipram, significantly potentiated the CGRP response, and the level of IL-12 was further decreased by 28% and 47%, respectively. However, CGRP had no effect on IL-12 production from unstimulated Mphi. The LPS-induced IL-12 release from Mphi could also be reduced by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, and 8-Br-cAMP, an analogue of cAMP. Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we found that CGRP also decreased the LPS-induced IL-12 p40 mRNA levels. Furthermore, pretreatment with H89 (0.1 microM or 1 microM), an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, diminished CGRP effects, IL-12 production and gene expression. These data suggest that LPS-induced IL-12 release and gene expression were attenuated by CGRP via an activated cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway in mouse peritoneal Mphi.
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PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12 release from mouse peritoneal macrophages, mediated by the cAMP pathway. 1101 54

The expressions of 78 protein kinases, 24 protein phosphatases and 31 phosphoproteins were investigated by Kinetworks trade mark analysis in brain and spinal cord tissue of transgenic mice over-expressing G93A mutant superoxide dismutase (mSOD), a murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the brains of affected mSOD mice, we observed increased expression of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA, 111% increase compared with control), and protein phosphatase 2B Aalpha-catalytic subunit (calcineurin, 109% increase), and reductions in the levels of PAK3 (76% decrease) and protein phosphatase 2C Cbeta-subunit (32% decrease). Increased Ser259 phosphorylation of Raf1 (126% increase) in mSOD mice correlated with higher expression of p73 Raf1 (147% increase). There was also increased p73 Raf1 (69% increase) and Ser259 phosphorylation (45% increase) in the spinal cords of mSOD mice. While adducin underwent enhanced phosphorylation (alphaS724, 90% increase; gammaS662, 290% increase) in mSOD brain, its phosphorylation was lower in the mSOD spinal cord (alphaS724, 53% decrease; gammaS662, 46% decrease). In spinal cords of affected mSOD mice, we also observed elevated expression of casein kinase 1delta (CK1delta, 157% increase), JAK2 (84% increase), PKA (183% increase), protein kinase C (PKC) delta (123% increase), p124 PKC micro (142% increase), and RhoA kinase (221% increase), and enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases 1 (ERK1, T202/Y204, 90% increase), and 2 (ERK2, T185/Y187, 73% increase), p38 MAP kinase (T180/Y182, 1570% increase), and PKBalpha (T308, 154% increase; S473, 61% increase). There was also reduced phosphorylation of RB (S780, 45% decrease; S807/S811, 65% decrease), Src (Y418, 63% decrease) and p40 SAPK/JNKbeta (T183/Y185, 43% decrease). Variability in the expression of kinases, phosphatases and phosphorylation of their substrates was observed even in mutant animals having a similar phenotype. The expression and phosphorylation differences between mSOD and control mice were dissimilar to those between ALS patients and controls. This finding indicates that the activation of protein kinases and phosphoproteins is different with neuron loss in the mSOD mouse compared with that seen in patients with the sporadic form of ALS.
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PMID:Protein kinase and protein phosphatase expression in the central nervous system of G93A mSOD over-expressing mice. 1267 18

The protein amount of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), that is the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of dopamine (DA), should be tightly regulated, whereas its degradation pathway is largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed how the TH protein is chemically modified and subsequently degraded under deficiencies of DA and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for TH, by using pharmacological agents in PC12D cells and cultured mesencephalic neurons. When inhibition of DA- or BH4-synthesizing enzymes greatly reduced the DA contents in PC12D cells, a marked and persistent increase in phosphorylated TH at (40)Ser (p40-TH) was concomitantly observed. This phosphorylation was mediated by D2 dopamine auto-receptor and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Our immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the increase in the p40-TH level was accompanied with its poly-ubiquitination. Treatment of PC12D cells with cycloheximide showed that total-TH protein level was reduced by the DA- or BH4-depletion. Notably, this reduction in the total-TH protein level was sensitive not only to a 26S proteasomal inhibitor, MG-132, but also to a PKA inhibitor, H-89. These data demonstrated that DA deficiency should induce compensatory activation of TH via phosphorylation at (40)Ser through D2-autoreceptor and PKA-mediated pathways, which in turn give a rise to its degradation through an ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, resulting in a negative spiral of DA production when DA deficiency persists.
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PMID:Dopamine or biopterin deficiency potentiates phosphorylation at (40)Ser and ubiquitination of tyrosine hydroxylase to be degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system. 2622 46