Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.11.10 (IKK)
 4,900 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have identified a new target for the chemopreventive dietary agent indole-3-carbinol (13C) in the antiapoptotic signaling pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt. 13C inhibited phosphorylation and activation of PKB in the tumor-derived breast cell line MDA MB468, but not in the immortalized breast line HBL100. We propose that this cell type-specific response to 13C contributes to the differential induction of apoptosis and sensitivity to growth inhibition of the two cell lines (approximate IC50 = 30 microM for the MDA MB468 line, compared with 120 microM for the HBL100 line). 13C only induced apoptosis in the MDA MB468 cell line, but at higher doses, it increased necrosis in the HBL100 line. The tumor cell line was also markedly less able to recover when 13C was removed from the culture medium. Downstream of PKB, 13C decreased nuclear factor kappaB DNA binding, independently of an effect on IkappaB kinase, in the MDA MB468 cell line only. The tumor suppressor PTEN, which prevents phosphorylation and activation of PKB, was expressed in HBL100 cells but was not detected in MDA MB468 cells. In corroboration of the results obtained with the breast cell lines, 13C decreased phospho-PKB levels and induced apoptosis in the prostate cell line LNCaP, which expresses very low levels of PTEN, but did not do so in PTEN-positive DU145 cells. 13C did not affect PTEN levels in any cell line. This is the first study to report a differential mechanistic response of tumor-derived and nontumorigenic cell lines and of PTEN high- and low-expressing cells to 13C and indicates a promising chemopreventive role for 13C against estrogen receptor-alpha-negative, aggressive-phenotype breast tumors.
 ...
PMID:Indole-3-carbinol inhibits protein kinase B/Akt and induces apoptosis in the human breast tumor cell line MDA MB468 but not in the nontumorigenic HBL100 line. 1247 97

Dietary indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural compound present in vegetables of the genus Brassica, showed clinical benefits and caused apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Our laboratory and others have shown that I3C induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells mediated by inactivation of Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a major in vivo acid-catalyzed condensation product of I3C, also showed some benefit in breast cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which DIM induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells has not been fully elucidated. Hence, we investigated whether DIM-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells could also be mediated by inactivation of Akt and NF-kappaB. We found that DIM induces apoptotic processes in MCF10A derived malignant (MCF10CA1a) cell lines but not in nontumorigenic parental MCF10A cells. DIM specifically inhibits Akt kinase activity and abrogates the epidermal growth factor-induced activation of Akt in breast cancer cells, similar to those observed for I3C. We also found that DIM reduces phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB. Our confocal microscopy study clearly showed that DIM blocks the translocation of p65, a subunit of NF-kappaB to the nucleus. DNA binding analysis and transfection studies with IkappaB kinase cDNA revealed that overexpression of IkappaB kinase mediates IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, which activates NF-kappaB, and this activation was completely abrogated by DIM treatment. Taken together, these results showed for the first time that the inactivation of Akt and NF-kappaB activity also plays important roles in DIM-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells, which seems to be more relevant to in vivo situations.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-{kappa}B contributes to 3,3'-diindolylmethane-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. 1566 15

While fruits and vegetables are recommended for prevention of cancer and other diseases, their active ingredients (at the molecular level) and their mechanisms of action less well understood. Extensive research during the last half century has identified various molecular targets that can potentially be used not only for the prevention of cancer but also for treatment. However, lack of success with targeted monotherapy resulting from bypass mechanisms has forced researchers to employ either combination therapy or agents that interfere with multiple cell-signaling pathways. In this review, we present evidence that numerous agents identified from fruits and vegetables can interfere with several cell-signaling pathways. The agents include curcumin (turmeric), resveratrol (red grapes, peanuts and berries), genistein (soybean), diallyl sulfide (allium), S-allyl cysteine (allium), allicin (garlic), lycopene (tomato), capsaicin (red chilli), diosgenin (fenugreek), 6-gingerol (ginger), ellagic acid (pomegranate), ursolic acid (apple, pears, prunes), silymarin (milk thistle), anethol (anise, camphor, and fennel), catechins (green tea), eugenol (cloves), indole-3-carbinol (cruciferous vegetables), limonene (citrus fruits), beta carotene (carrots), and dietary fiber. For instance, the cell-signaling pathways inhibited by curcumin alone include NF-kappaB, AP-1, STAT3, Akt, Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), caspases, PARP, IKK, EGFR, HER2, JNK, MAPK, COX2, and 5-LOX. The active principle identified in fruit and vegetables and the molecular targets modulated may be the basis for how these dietary agents not only prevent but also treat cancer and other diseases. This work reaffirms what Hippocrates said 25 centuries ago, let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.
 ...
PMID:Molecular targets of dietary agents for prevention and therapy of cancer. 1656 57

3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a major acid-condensation product of indole-3-carbinol and is present in cruciferous vegetables. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DIM on antiinflammatory and antitumor promotion activity in mouse skin and explored the relevant mechanisms. When 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was applied topically to the mouse ear to induce inflammation, DIM pretreatment effectively inhibited TPA-induced ear edema formation. To evaluate the mechanisms underlying DIM's antiinflammatory effects, DIM was topically treated to the shaved backs of mice 30 min before TPA treatment. DIM inhibited the TPA-induced increases in the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) 5, and interleukin (IL)-6 in mouse skin. DIM also inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)'s DNA binding activity, the nuclear translocation of p65, and the degradation of inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB) alpha in TPA-stimulated mouse skin. Furthermore, DIM reduced TPA-induced increases in the activity of extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK)-1/2 and IkappaB kinase (IKK). When mouse skin papillomas were initiated via the topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted with repeated topical applications of TPA, repeated topical applications of DIM prior to each TPA treatment significantly suppressed the incidence and multiplicity of the papillomas. DIM also reduced the expression of COX-2 and iNOS, ERK phosphorylation, and the nuclear translocation of p65 in papillomas. Collectively, these results show that DIM exerts antiinflammatory and chemopreventive effects in mouse skin via the downregulation of COX-2, iNOS, CXCL5, and IL-6 expression, which may be mediated by reductions in NF-kappaB activation.
 ...
PMID:3,3'-diindolylmethane suppresses 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and tumor promotion in mouse skin via the downregulation of inflammatory mediators. 2056 44