Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:2.7.11.10 (
IKK
)
4,900
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to inhibit mouse skin carcinogenesis, particularly in the promotion stage, but underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Since persistent induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently implicated in carcinogenesis, we investigated the effect of cis-9,trans-11-CLA (
9Z,11E-CLA
) on the tumor promoter-induced COX-2 expression in HR-1 hairless mouse skin in vivo. Topical application of
9Z,11E-CLA
caused significant inhibition of COX-2 expression at 6 h induced by 10 nmol 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in HR-1 mouse skin. Since NF-kappaB is known to regulate COX-2 gene expression, we determined the effect of
9Z,11E-CLA
on TPA-induced activation of this transcription factor. Treatment of mouse skin with
9Z,11E-CLA
reduced TPA-induced DNA binding as well as nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB by blocking phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkappaBalpha. In addition,
9Z,11E-CLA
attenuated TPA-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the inactivation of NF-kappaB by
9Z,11E-CLA
, we investigated its effect on TPA-induced activation of
IkappaB kinase
(
IKK
), an upstream kinase that regulates NF-kappaB via phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha.
9Z,11E-CLA
treatment down-regulated phosphorylation and catalytic activities of IKKalpha/beta in TPA-treated mouse skin. Co-treatment of mouse skin with the IKKbeta-specific inhibitor SC-514 (1 micromol) attenuated TPA-induced activation of Akt and NF-kappaB, and also the expression of COX-2 in hairless mouse skin. Taken together,
9Z,11E-CLA
inhibits NF-kappaB driven-COX-2 expression by blocking the
IKK
and PI3K-Akt signaling in TPA-treated hairless mouse skin in vivo, which may account for its previously reported anti-tumor promoting effects.
...
PMID:cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid down-regulates phorbol ester-induced NF-kappaB activation and subsequent COX-2 expression in hairless mouse skin by targeting IkappaB kinase and PI3K-Akt. 1695 Jul 95
