Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.11.1 (protein kinase)
 81,284 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The casein kinase II alpha' gene (CSNK2A2), which physically maps to human chromosome 16 (HSA16), has previously been mapped to bovine chromosome 5 (BTA5). Based on these results, a new segment of homology between the human and bovine genomes was suggested. In this paper we demonstrate linkage between CSNK2A2 and several markers on BTA18. Our result is supported by the extensive conservation of synteny between HSA16q and BTA18. Bovine chromosome 18 markers used in this study included several microsatellites, as well as the MC1R gene previously mapped to HSA16q24.3. Sequencing of the PCR-fragment mapped to BTA5 reveals that a CSNK-like retroposon was responsible for the conflicting assignments. The present results further extend the observed conservation of synteny between HSA16q and BTA18.
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PMID:Resolution of conflicting assignments for the bovine casein kinase II alpha (CSNK2A2) gene. 1078 13

Spindle positioning is an essential feature of asymmetric cell division. The conserved PAR proteins together with heterotrimeric G proteins control spindle positioning in animal cells, but how these are linked is not known. In C. elegans, PAR protein activity leads to asymmetric spindle placement through cortical asymmetry of Galpha regulators GPR-1/2. Here, we establish that the casein kinase 1 gamma CSNK-1 and a PIP(2) synthesis enzyme (PPK-1) transduce PAR polarity to asymmetric Galpha regulation. PPK-1 is posteriorly enriched in the one-celled embryo through PAR and CSNK-1 activities. Loss of CSNK-1 causes uniformly high PPK-1 levels, high symmetric cortical levels of GPR-1/2 and LIN-5, and increased spindle pulling forces. In contrast, knockdown of ppk-1 leads to low GPR-1/2 levels and decreased spindle forces. Furthermore, loss of CSNK-1 leads to increased levels of PIP(2). We propose that asymmetric generation of PIP(2) by PPK-1 directs the posterior enrichment of GPR-1/2 and LIN-5, leading to posterior spindle displacement.
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PMID:A casein kinase 1 and PAR proteins regulate asymmetry of a PIP(2) synthesis enzyme for asymmetric spindle positioning. 1869 60

During female meiosis, haploid eggs are generated from diploid oocytes. This reduction in chromosome number occurs through two highly asymmetric cell divisions, resulting in one large egg and two small polar bodies. Unlike mitosis, where an actomyosin contractile ring forms between the sets of segregating chromosomes, the meiotic contractile ring forms on the cortex adjacent to one spindle pole, then ingresses down the length of the spindle to position itself at the exact midpoint between the two sets of segregating chromosomes. Depletion of casein kinase 1 gamma (CSNK-1) in Caenorhabditis elegans led to the formation of large polar bodies that contain all maternal DNA, because the contractile ring ingressed past the spindle midpoint. Depletion of CSNK-1 also resulted in the formation of deep membrane invaginations during meiosis, suggesting an effect on cortical myosin. Both myosin and anillin assemble into dynamic rho-dependent cortical patches that rapidly disassemble in wild-type embryos. CSNK-1 was required for disassembly of both myosin patches and anillin patches. Disassembly of anillin patches was myosin independent, suggesting that CSNK-1 prevents expulsion of the entire meiotic spindle into a polar body by negatively regulating the rho pathway rather than through direct inhibition of myosin.
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PMID:A casein kinase 1 prevents expulsion of the oocyte meiotic spindle into a polar body by regulating cortical contractility. 2870 47