Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.11.1 (protein kinase)
81,284 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta-ARK), which specifically phosphorylates only the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors, appears to be important in mediating rapid agonist-specific (homologous) desensitization. The structure of this enzyme was elucidated by isolating clones from a bovine brain complementary DNA library through the use of oligonucleotide probes derived from partial amino acid sequence. The beta-ARK cDNA codes for a protein of 689 amino acids (79.7 kilodaltons) with a protein kinase catalytic domain that bears greatest sequence similarity to protein kinase C and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP)--dependent protein kinase. When this clone was inserted into a mammalian expression vector and transfected into COS-7 cells, a protein that specifically phosphorylated the agonist-occupied form of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor and phosphorylated, much more weakly, the light-bleached form of rhodopsin was expressed. RNA blot analysis revealed a messenger RNA of four kilobases with highest amounts in brain and spleen. Genomic DNA blot analysis also suggests that beta-ARK may be the first sequenced member of a multigene family of receptor kinases.
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PMID:Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase: primary structure delineates a multigene family. 255 82

We isolated cDNAs encoding a 115 kd human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha ANP) receptor (ANP-A receptor) that possesses guanylate cyclase activity, by low-stringency hybridization with sea urchin Arbacia punctulata membrane guanylate cyclase probes. The human ANP-A receptor has a 32 residue signal sequence followed by a 441 residue extracellular domain homologous to the 60 kd ANP-C receptor. A 21 residue transmembrane domain precedes a 568 residue cytoplasmic domain with homology to the protein kinase family and to a subunit of the soluble guanylate cyclase. COS-7 cells transfected with an ANP-A receptor expression vector displayed specific [125I]alpha ANP binding, and exhibited alpha ANP stimulated cGMP production. These data demonstrate a new paradigm of cellular signal transduction where extracellular ligand binding allosterically regulates cyclic nucleotide second-messenger production by a receptor cytoplasmic catalytic domain.
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PMID:Human atrial natriuretic peptide receptor defines a new paradigm for second messenger signal transduction. 256 67

A protein kinase C-related cDNA encodes a novel phorbol ester receptor/protein kinase, nPKC epsilon, clearly distinct from the four "conventional" PKCs [Ohno, S., Akita, Y., Konno, Y., Imajoh, S., & Suzuki, K. (1988) Cell 53, 731-741]. We purified nPKC epsilon from COS cells transfected with nPKC cDNA and compared its enzymatic properties with a conventional PKC, PKC alpha. nPKC epsilon was eluted from a hydroxyapatite column at a position coincident with type II PKC and thus was separated from type III PKC (PKC alpha), the only PKC expressed in COS cells. The protein kinase activity of nPKC epsilon is activated by phospholipids and diacylglycerols (or phorbol esters) in a manner similar to conventional PKCs. However, the cofactor dependencies and substrate specificities were clearly different from PKC alpha. A phospholipid, cardiolipin, enhances the kinase activity three- to fourfold compared with phosphatidylserine. The optimum Mg2+ concentration (3 mM) is clearly different from those of conventional PKCs (10-20 mM). The activation of nPKC epsilon by these cofactors is totally independent of Ca2+. Similar to conventional PKCs, nPKC epsilon autophosphorylates serine and threonine residues, indicating the specificity of the kinase to these amino acid residues. However, it shows a clearly different substrate specificity against exogenous substrates in that myelin basic proteins rather than histone are good substrates. These properties of nPKC epsilon permit clear discrimination of nPKC epsilon from conventional PKCs.
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PMID:Enzymatic properties of a novel phorbol ester receptor/protein kinase, nPKC. 260 15

In rat brain three members of the protein kinase C family encoded by cDNAs termed delta, epsilon, and zeta were newly identified by molecular cloning and sequence analysis. The new members have a common structure that is closely related to but clearly distinct from the four members of the family previously isolated having alpha-, beta I-, beta II-, and gamma-sequences, although the zeta-cDNA available at present does not appear to contain a complete reading frame for protein kinase C. The delta-, epsilon-, and zeta-cDNAs all encode a characteristic cysteine-rich sequence and protein kinase domain sequence, both of which are highly homologous among the protein kinase C family. However, the new members lack one of the conserved regions that is present in alpha-, beta I-, beta II-, and gamma-sequences. An additional cDNA clone termed epsilon' was isolated, which is identical with epsilon-cDNA except for a short sequence at the 5'-terminal end region. The two members having delta- and epsilon-sequences were expressed in COS 7 cells, and partially purified and characterized. The enzymes having delta- and epsilon-sequences depend on phospholipid and diacylglycerol for the enzymatic activity, but their properties slightly differ from the previously known members of protein kinase C. Northern blot analysis suggests that the new members of protein kinase C exist in the brain and some other tissues.
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PMID:The structure, expression, and properties of additional members of the protein kinase C family. 283 97

The 28,000 mol. wt. polypeptide (p28) of adult T-cell leukaemia-associated antigen encoded by the 24S defective human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV-I) is associated with protein kinase activity. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of this defective HTLV-I provirus and found that it contains a portion of the gag gene (p19 and part of p24), the pX region, and two long terminal repeats, one at each end. The predicted p28 gag-pX fused protein consists of 190 amino acids and its mol. wt. was calculated as 21,055. The results of peptide mapping analysis showing that p28 contains p19 supported the nucleotide sequence data. That p28 was encoded by this defective provirus was also demonstrated by transient expression of p28 polypeptide in COS 7 cells transfected with a recombinant plasmid containing a simian virus 40 early promoter and the p28-coding region of the 24S HTLV-I.
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PMID:Structural analysis of p28 adult T-cell leukaemia-associated antigen. 301 50

The lateral diffusion coefficients of various epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor mutants with increasing deletions in their carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain were compared. A full size cDNA construct of human EGF receptor and different deletion constructs were expressed in monkey COS cells. The EGF receptor mutants expressed on the cell surface of the COS cells were labeled with rhodamine-EGF, and the lateral diffusion coefficients of the labeled receptors were determined by the fluorescence photo-bleaching recovery method. The lateral mobilities of three deletion mutants, including a mutant that has only nine amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain, are all similar (D approximately equal to 1.5 X 10(-10) cm2/s) to the lateral mobility of the "wild-type" receptor, which possess 542 cytoplasmic domain of EGF receptor, including its intrinsic protein kinase activity and phosphorylation state, are not required for the restriction of its lateral mobility.
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PMID:Large deletions in the cytoplasmic kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor do not affect its laternal mobility. 301 81

Protein kinase C (PKC)-related cDNA clones encode an 84 kd protein, nPKC. nPKC contains a cysteine-rich repeat sequence homologous to that seen in conventional PKCs (alpha, beta I, beta II, and gamma), which make up a family of 77-78 kd proteins with closely related sequences. nPKC, when expressed in COS cells, confers increased high-affinity phorbol ester receptor activity to intact cells. Antibodies raised against nPKC identified a 90 kd protein in rabbit brain extract as well as in extracts from COS cells transfected with the cDNA construct. nPKC shows protein kinase activity that is regulated by phospholipid, diacylglycerol, and phorbol ester but is independent of Ca2+. The structural and enzymological characteristics of nPKC clearly distinguish it from conventional PKCs, which until now have been the only substances believed to mediate the various effects of diacylglycerol and phorbol esters. These results suggest an additional signaling pathway involving nPKC.
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PMID:A novel phorbol ester receptor/protein kinase, nPKC, distantly related to the protein kinase C family. 337 Jun 72

The translational efficiency of mRNA molecules transcribed from plasmid DNA transfected into COS-1 monkey cells can be increased 10- to 20-fold by the coexpression of the adenovirus virus-associated RNAs I and II. Experiments described here demonstrate a similar increase in translational efficiency by the addition of 2-aminopurine, an inhibitor of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, to the culture medium. Both virus-associated RNA and 2-aminopurine presumably exert their effect by alteration of the functional level of eucaryotic initiation factor-2. The translational stimulation mediated by both means is shown to be restricted to the plasmid-derived mRNAs because there is no qualitative or quantitative alteration in host protein synthesis. The results are consistent with models invoking a localized activation of double-stranded RNA-activated kinase leading to a translational block.
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PMID:Translational control mediated by eucaryotic initiation factor-2 is restricted to specific mRNAs in transfected cells. 360 Jun 37

Three different protein kinase C related cDNA clones were isolated from a rat brain cDNA library and designated PKC-I, PKC-II, and PKC-III. These each encode very similar, but distinct, polypeptides that contain a region homologous with other protein kinases. COS cells transfected with either PKC-I or PKC-II specifically bind at least 5-fold more 3H-PDBu (phorbol ester) than control cells. An increase in Ca2+, phosphatidylserine, and diacylglycerol/phorbol-ester-dependent protein kinase activity is also observed in COS cells transfected with either PKC-I or PKC-II. The physiological implications of the discovery of three protein-kinase-C-related cDNAs are discussed.
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PMID:Cloning and expression of multiple protein kinase C cDNAs. 375 79

We constructed a molecular clone encoding the N-terminal 379 amino acids of the polyomavirus middle-size tumor antigen, followed by the C-terminal 60 amino acids of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G. This hybrid gene contained the coding region for the C-terminal hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain of the G protein in place of the C-terminal hydrophobic domain of the middle-size tumor antigen. The hybrid gene was expressed in COS-1 cells under the control of the simian virus 40 late promoter. The hybrid protein was located in cell membranes and was associated with a tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity, as was the middle-size tumor antigen. Plasmids encoding the hybrid protein failed to transform mouse NIH 3T3 or rat F2408 cells.
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PMID:Construction and expression of a recombinant DNA gene encoding a polyomavirus middle-size tumor antigen with the carboxyl terminus of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G. 632 57


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