Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.11.1 (protein kinase)
 81,284 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Severe burn injury results in liver dysfunction and damage, with subsequent metabolic derangements contributing to patient morbidity and mortality. On a cellular level, significant postburn hepatocyte apoptosis occurs and likely contributes to liver dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis are poorly understood. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response/unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway can lead to hepatocyte apoptosis under conditions of liver dysfunction. Thus, we hypothesized that ER stress/UPR may mediate hepatic dysfunction in response to burn injury. We investigated the temporal activation of hepatic ER stress in mice after a severe burn injury. Mice received a scald burn over 35% of their body surface and were killed at 1, 7, 14, and 21 d postburn. We found that severe burn induces hepatocyte apoptosis as indicated by increased caspase-3 activity (P < 0.05). Serum albumin levels decreased postburn and remained lowered for up to 21 d, indicating that constitutive secretory protein synthesis was reduced. Significantly, upregulation of the ER stress markers glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78)/BIP, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), p-protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1alpha (IRE-1alpha) were found beginning 1 d postburn (P < 0.05) and persisted up to 21 d postburn (P < 0.05). Hepatic ER stress induced by burn injury was associated with compensatory upregulation of the calcium chaperone/storage proteins calnexin and calreticulin (P < 0.05), suggesting that ER calcium store depletion was the primary trigger for induction of the ER stress response. In summary, thermal injury in mice causes long-term adaptive and deleterious hepatic function alterations characterized by significant upregulation of the ER stress response.
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PMID:Severe burn-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatic damage in mice. 1960 3

While mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various glomerular diseases, including nephrotic syndrome (NS), its specific role in podocyte injury is not known. We hypothesized that MK-2, a downstream substrate of p38 MAPK, mediates the adverse effects of this pathway and that inhibition of MK-2 would protect podocytes from NS-related injury. Using cultured podocytes, we analyzed 1) the roles of MK-2 and p38 MAPK in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced podocyte injury; 2) the ability of specific MK-2 and p38 MAPK inhibitors to protect podocytes against injury; 3) the role of serum albumin, known to induce podocyte injury, in activating p38 MAPK/MK-2 signaling; and 4) the role of p38 MAPK/MK-2 signaling in the expression of Cox-2, an enzyme associated with podocyte injury. Treatment with protein kinase inhibitors specific for both MK-2 (C23, a pyrrolopyridine-type compound) or p38 MAPK (SB203580) reduced PAN-induced podocyte injury and actin cytoskeletal disruption. Both inhibitors reduced baseline podocyte p38 MAPK/MK-2 signaling, as measured by the degree of phosphorylation of HSPB1, a downstream substrate of MK-2, but exhibited disparate effects on upstream signaling. Serum albumin activated p38 MAPK/MK-2 signaling and induced Cox-2 expression, and these responses were blocked by both inhibitors. Given the critical importance of podocyte injury to both NS and other progressive glomerular diseases, these data suggest an important role for p38 MAPK/MK-2 signaling in podocyte injury and identify MK-2 inhibition as a promising potential therapeutic strategy to protect podocytes in various glomerular diseases.
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PMID:Inhibition of the protein kinase MK-2 protects podocytes from nephrotic syndrome-related injury. 2161 16

In this study, mass spectrometry was used to explore the canine tear proteome. Tear samples were obtained from six healthy dogs, and one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE) was used as a first step to separate intact proteins into 17 bands. Each fraction was then trypsin digested and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) to characterize the protein components in each fraction. In total, 125 tear proteins were identified, with MCA (Major Canine Allergen), Serum albumin, UPF0557 protein C10orf119 homolog, Collagen alpha-2(I) chain, Tyrosine -protein kinase Fer, Keratine type II cytoskeletal, Beta-crystallin B2, Interleukin-6 and Desmin occurring as the most confident ones with the highest scores. The results showed that the proteomic strategy used in this study was successful in the analysis of the dog tear proteome. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the comprehensive proteome profile of tears from healthy dogs by 1D SDS PAGE and MALDI-TOF. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003124.
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PMID:Dog Tear Film Proteome In-Depth Analysis. 2670 46