Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.11.1 (protein kinase)
 81,284 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To identify genes that are differentially expressed during self-repair processes in mouse brain, we screened a subtracted cDNA library enriched for brain-specific clones. One of these clones, H74, detected a 4.4-kb mRNA predominantly expressed in brain and dorsal root ganglia neurons. Expression increased continuously during the lifespan and the state of differentiation, but decreased after entorhinal-cortex lesion. A full-length cDNA clone was isolated from a cerebellum cDNA library and characterized. Sequence analysis and database search revealed high sequence similarity to FAP52, a protein expressed in focal-adhesion contacts, and uncharacterized Echinococcus and Caenorhabditis elegans gene products. Furthermore, peptide sequences derived from human cDNA fragments showed up to 65% sequence identity at the amino acid level. The presence of a C-terminal src homology 3 (SH3) domain and its phosphorylation by casein kinase 2 (CK2) and protein kinase C (PKC) imply a role in signaling. Here we demonstrate that the gene encodes a phosphoprotein, referred to as PACSIN, with a restricted spatial and temporal expression pattern.
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PMID:PACSIN, a brain protein that is upregulated upon differentiation into neuronal cells. 974 65

To better understand growth regulation in the human parasitic cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, we have cloned and characterized the parasite's orthologues of the key regulatory factors Ras and Raf. Using a degenerative PCR approach a gene, emras, was identified whose gene product, EmRas, showed high homology (79% identical residues) to human Ras and contained all amino acid residues which are characteristic for this subfamily of small GTPases at the corresponding positions. Recombinantly expressed EmRas bound GTP and was farnesylated, but not geranyl-geranylated, by Echinococcus lysate in an in vitro prenylation assay. Furthermore, upon expression in yeast, emras was able to functionally complement the Saccharomyces orthologue RAS2 in an invasive growth assay. In Western blot analyses using an anti-EmRas antibody, the Echinococcus factor could be detected in lysates of the larval stages metacestode and protoscolex. By immune-histochemistry, EmRas was shown to localize to the germinal layer of the metacestode and to tegumental structures of the protoscolex, particularly around the rostellum and the sucker regions. In addition, we fully characterized the gene emraf whose product, EmRaf, displayed considerable homology to mammalian Raf-kinases and orthologous factors from Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. emraf was co-expressed with emras in the larval stages metacestode and protoscolex during in vitro cultivation and during an infection of the intermediate host as assessed by RT-PCR experiments. The emraf gene was composed of nine exons and eight introns and shared four highly conserved exon-intron boundaries with the human gene encoding Raf-1, suggesting that both genes derived from a common evolutionary ancestor. Southern blot hybridizations demonstrated that emraf is a single copy gene. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, EmRaf was shown to interact with EmRas, but not with EmRal, a previously characterized orthologue of mammalian Ral GTPases. This is the first characterization of a Ras orthologue from a cestode and the first report on a Raf-like kinase from a platyhelminth. The data presented herein will form a solid basis for further investigations on Echinococcus signaling systems that are involved in growth control and development of the parasite.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and characterization of Ras- and Raf-homologues from the fox-tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. 1566 57

Cysticercosis, caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, is a zoonotic disease affecting pigs and humans that is endemic to developing countries in Latin America, Africa and South East Asia. The prevalence of infection in pigs, the intermediate host for T. solium, has been used as an indicator for monitoring disease transmission in endemic areas. However, accurate and specific diagnostic tools for porcine cysticercosis remain to be established. Using proteomic approaches and the T. solium genome sequence, seven antigens were identified as specific for porcine cysticercosis, namely, tropomyosin 2, alpha-1 tubulin, beta-tubulin 2, annexin B1, small heat-shock protein, 14-3-3 protein, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. None of these proteins were cross-reactive when tested with sera from pigs infected with Ascaris spp., Cysticercus tenuicollis and hydatid cysts of Echinococcus spp. or with serum from a Taenia saginata-infected cow. Comparison with orthologues, indicated that the amino acid sequences of annexin B1 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase possessed highly specific regions, which might make them suitable candidates for development of a specific diagnostic assay for porcine cysticercosis.
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PMID:Immunodiagnosis of porcine cysticercosis: identification of candidate antigens through immunoproteomics. 2416 49

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus larvae. It seriously affects the development of animal husbandry and endangers human health. Due to a poor understanding of the cystic fluid formation pathway, there is currently a lack of innovative methods for the prevention and treatment of CE. In this study, the protoscoleces (PSCs) in the encystation process were analyzed by high-throughput RNA sequencing. A total of 32,401 transcripts and 14,903 cDNAs revealed numbers of new genes and transcripts, stage-specific genes, and differently expressed genes. Genes encoding proteins involved in signaling pathways, such as putative G-protein coupled receptor, tyrosine kinases, and serine/threonine protein kinase, were predominantly up-regulated during the encystation process. Antioxidant enzymes included cytochrome c oxidase, thioredoxin glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase were a high expression level. Intriguingly, KEGG enrichment suggested that differentially up-regulated genes involved in the vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption metabolic pathway may play important roles in the transport of proteins, carbohydrates, and other substances. These results provide valuable information on the mechanism of cystic fluid production during the encystation process, and provide a basis for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of growth and development of PSCs.
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PMID:Transcriptomic Features of Echinococcus granulosus Protoscolex during the Encystation Process. 3261 42