Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At 43 degrees C (but not at 41 degrees C), organic solvents used to dissolve water-insoluble chemotherapeutic agents become themselves lethal to cells. This finding is not unique to Chinese hamster cells (HA-1); mouse mammary sarcoma cells (EMT-6) behave similarly. The solvent concentrations involved are in the range of those needed to make drug solutions. Hence experiments measuring drug-cell interactions at elevated temperatures must include controls which independently measure solvent effects.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity of commonly used solvents at elevated temperatures. 59 66

The Lagergren cage electrode Elema EMT 588 K was implanted in 26 male and 21 female patients for permanent cardiac stimulation. 29 of the 47 cage electrodes were fitted with a platinum and 18 with an Elgiloy head. Acute threshold in the platinum group was 0,52 +/- 0,15 volts (x +/- s), the equivalent electrode resistance being 565 +/- 135 ohms. The threshold mean value for the Elgiloy cage electrodes was shown to be 0,36 +/- 0,11 volts, while the resistance values measured respectively 410 +/- 44 and 418 +/- 23 ohms depending on the method of measurement. In the postoperative period (up to 16 months) the following complications were observed: 3 dislocations (6,38%) and one case of rise in threshold (2,12%). The total correction rate (8,5%) corresponds almost exactly to that recorded by the author in a personal series of 400 electrode implantations of various designs. The cage electrode offers no advantages in comparison to other small surface electrodes, however, the relatively higher current consumption caused by low total electrode resistance must be regarded as disadvantages. Experience with the cage electrode has shown that the transitional resistance depends not only on the surface, but also essentially on the material and shape of the electrode tip.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with the cage electrode EMT 588 K. Threshold--current consumption--postoperative complications (author's transl)]. 62 19

Effective prehospital treatment of the severely injured and acutely ill by an Advanced Emergency Care system may change symptoms and signs by the time patients arrive at the hospital. To provide optimal care, physicians must appreciate the capabilities and limitations of the EMT-paramedic. The EMT-paramedic must report verbally and via written record the course of prehospital events. Cardiac rhythms must be documented for review. It should be the responsibility of the medical directors of such Advanced Emergency Care systems to provide supervision, refresher training, critiques, and evaluation, to establish medical responsibility and credibility.
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PMID:Prehospital advanced emergency care: a potential pitfall. 66 Jun 82

DNA polymerase gamma from purified nuclei of EMT-6 cells (mice) seems to be identical to the mitochondrial DNA polymerase from the same source following several criteria. These two enzyme activities are strongly inhibited by ethidium bromide and acriflavin, while proflavin, acridine orange, daunomycin and chloroquine inhibition is less pronounced. In the case of DNA polymerases alpha and beta very little inhibition by ethidium bromide was observed. Intercalation of this dye in a poly dA-dT 12-18 template-primer was studied spectrophotometrically under conditions similar to those in the in vitro DNA polymerase assay. The polymerase assay. The inhibition by this drug of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma activity was shown to be competitive at varying concentrations of TTP while the inhibition was of the non-competitive type at different concentrations of poly dA-dT 12-18. We conclude that the drug, most probably in the intercalated form, is able to interact with the active site (s) of mitochondrial DNA polymerase.
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PMID:The inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma from animal cells by intercalating drugs. 67 50

The periodic influx of large numbers of people into resort areas substantially increases the use of emergency medical services. This investigation assesses the effects of such a threefold increase in the summer population of the Cape Cod area upon the accuracy of emergency medical technicians' diagnoses and treatments. The technicians' diagnoses for ambulance patients were evaluated against those given by the emergency room physicians during the months of August 1975 and February 1976. The distribution of conditions was similar for both months and the observed frequency of correct diagnoses for common conditions was more than 90% in both months. The overdiagnosis rate of 25% to 50% for common conditions and the correct treatment rate for suspected myocardial infarction of 65% did not vary significantly between summer and winter. Thus, a large influx in population does not seem to affect adversely EMT diagnosis rates. Although misdiagnoses were uncommon, a failure to follow through with a correct treatment for patients with suspected myocardial infarctions, thus indicating the need for better quality control on EMT performance.
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PMID:An assessment of emergency medical technicians' performance as related to seasonal population influx. 72 57

The efficacy of glucan in combination with local radiation therapy was measured using three solid murine tumors of differing abilities to induce a host defense. Using the KHT fibrosarcoma which induces no measurable host defense, glucan did not improve tumor-free survival over radiation alone; the combination produced a marginal improvement in tumor-free survival in animals bearing the highly immunogenic EMT-6 tumor. The most marked improvement in tumor-free survival was found with the mildly immunogenic 6C3HED lymphosarcoma. The efficacy of glucan in combination with BCNU chemotherapy was measured using the disseminated AKR transplantable leukemia; the combination yielded a high level of cures compared to no survival for either agent alone. Using the AKR transplantable leukemia in an F1 model, the effect of amphotericin B (AmB) alone or in combination with BCNU was tested. AmB or BCNU alone had little or no curative effect when tested in (AKR X DBA)F1 mice, but 56% of mice were cured when combined therapy was employed. When tested in (AKR X C57BL)F1 or (AKR X A)F1 mice, a small fraction was cured with AmB alone while about 90% were cured with either BCNU alone or the combination.
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PMID:Preliminary observations on the effect of glucan in combination with radiation and chemotherapy in four murine tumors. 72 4

At various intervals after intravenous injection of carrier-free 67Ga-citrate, iron dextrane or deferoxamine mesylate was injected into EMT-6 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. After treatment, rapid clearance of 67Ga from soft tissues was observed. Tumor uptake was not greatly affected, and so increased tumor-to-blood ratios were observed. The authors conclude that these drugs can enhance target-to-nontarget uptake ratios for tumors.
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PMID:Pharmacologic enhancement of gallium-67 tumor-to-blood ratios for EMT-6 sarcoma (BALB/c mice). 75 57

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 13.56 MHz were used to heat locally EMT-6 sarcomas and KHJJ carcinomas in BALB/cKa mice. Temperature profiles obtained in tumors during treatment showed uniform temperature distribution throughout the tumor volume with no systemic hyperthermia. Temperature could be maintained at a stable level throughout treatment by adjustment of power. Tumors were treated at 43 degrees, 43-5 degrees, and 44 degrees, for 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 min. The EMT-6 tumor was highly sensitive to cure by radiofrequency heating: a 5-min exposure at 44 degrees resulted in cure of almost 50% of the tumors. Cure rate was a function of temperature and of duration of exposure. The KHJJ carcinoma was somewhat more resistant to cure by radiofrequency heating, although most of the animals treated at 43.5 degrees or above were cured of their tumors. In an effort to explain the remarkable effectiveness of radiofrequency heating, tumor cell survival studies were done on EMT-6 tumors treated in situ. Cell inactivation by radiofrequency heating was similar to that for hot water bath heating. However, direct cell killing cannot account for the observed cures, and an additional mechanism must be responsible for tumor eradication.
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PMID:Tumor cure and cell survival after localized radiofrequency heating. 83 83

An Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system with the capabilities of rapid response, patient extrication, basic life support, advanced life support, radio communication, and transportation provides appropriate care for a wide spectrum of injured and acutely ill patients. The validity of the selective dual response system in demonstrated by: 1) rapid provision of basic life support, 2) appropriate availability of advanced life support, 3) conservation of educational and fiscal resources, and 4) the enchancement of knowledge and manipulative skill expertise of relatively few, but busy, EMT-paramedics who are provided close medical supervision and support.
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PMID:An effective prehospital emergency system. 85 49

The halogenated pyrimidine analogue 5-bromo-2-deoxycytidine (BCdR) was infused into BALB/C mice bearing EMT-6 tumors via either the intravenous or intra-arterial route. Hepatic dehalogenation of the drug was blocked by 5-diazouracil (DAZU) in order to ascertain its relative importance in the degradation of intravenously administered analogues. Increased radiosensitization was noted with higher intravenous pyrimidine concentrations, but DAZU blockage of dehalogenation had little effect. These studies show that following intravenous infusion, enough BCdR apparently bypasses the hepatic vessels to permit tumor radiosensitization despite dilution of the drug by the systemic circulation.
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PMID:Comparison of intravenous and intra-arterial pyrimidine infusion as a means of radiosensitizing tumors in vivo. 88 82


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