Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three doses of hepatitis B vaccine were administered via an intradermal route to 316 health service staff. One month after the final dose, 89.9% of subjects had antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen at levels of 10 IU/l or greater. A programme of hepatitis B immunization based upon the intradermal route is substantially less expensive than one using an intramuscular technique, and can enable health authorities to provide protection for increased numbers of staff without diverting resources from other programmes of health care.
Int J STD AIDS 1990 Jan
PMID:Effectiveness of intradermal hepatitis B immunization of hospital staff. 215 64

The prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B infection were studied in 354 non-drug abusing female prostitutes and 360 female controls in Tijuana, Mexico. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in the same percentage (0.8%) of prostitutes and controls. In contrast, antibody markers (anti-HBs or anti-HBc) were found in a significantly higher percentage of prostitutes than controls (8.2% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.0006). Prostitutes also had a higher prevalence of a positive RPR/FTA-ABS test for syphilis (p less than 0.0001). There was a significant association between the presence of hepatitis B markers and positive syphilis serology and a history of having had a STD. In this non-drug abusing population, prostitution was found to be a risk factor for total hepatitis B infection but not for surface antigenemia. Further studies are indicated to determine the incidence of chronic infection in adult women following sexual transmission of hepatitis B.
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PMID:Hepatitis B infection in a non-drug abusing prostitute population in Mexico. 225 60

Sera from 260 men from Denmark and elsewhere attending two Copenhagen sauna clubs for homosexual men during nine months of 1982-1983 were investigated for markers for syphilis, hepatitis A and B, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Five per cent (12 men) had active syphilis, and another 35% (92) had a history of and/or serologic markers for syphilis. Ninety-four men (36%) were positive for antibodies to hepatitis A virus, ten (4%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and 153 (59%) were positive for antibodies to HBsAg. Antibodies to HIV were found in 45 (20%) of the 220 men investigated for this marker. Markers for hepatitis A and B and for syphilis were more frequent in the HIV antibody-positive individuals, but the association was significant only for markers for hepatitis B (relative risk = 2.0). Thus STD markers had little predictive value for seropositivity for antibodies to HIV. Among 37 men investigated more than once, a seroconversion rate of 3% per month for antibodies to HIV was found, but this estimate must be taken with reservation. The rate of seropositivity for antibodies to HIV among men from Denmark was 23%, and three (8%) of the 40 HIV-positive Danish men developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) during the four years following the initial investigation. This study shows that by 1982-1983 HIV had spread considerably in the Danish high-risk group, although there were only seven reported cases of AIDS in the country at that time.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases, antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, and subsequent development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Visitors of homosexual sauna clubs in Copenhagen: 1982-1983. 335 36

In a homosexual communication centre in Antwerp 196 homosexual men were screened for seromarkers of syphilis, hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). A comparison group consisted of 118 heterosexual men attending a venereal disease clinic in Antwerp. Treponemal antibodies were found in 7.1% of homosexual men, of whom half gave no history of past or present infection. Anti HAV was present in 43.3%, HBV seromarkers in 34.4%, and CMV antibodies in 71.2% of homosexual men. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in eight homosexual men, but not in the heterosexual control group. Prevalence rates of infections other than HAV were significantly higher in homosexual men than in heterosexual men. Answers to a questionnaire were used to evaluate risk factors for different diseases, which were: duration of active homosexuality for all infections, promiscuity (greater than or equal to 10 partners in the past six months) for syphilis and hepatitis B, and anal intercourse for hepatitis B. Visiting saunas and travelling for sexual contacts also indicated a higher risk for STD, but were an indirect expression of promiscuity.
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PMID:Syphilis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and cytomegalovirus infection in homosexual men in Antwerp. 632 Sep 48

Sixty-five medical personnel thought to be exposed to hepatitis-B-surface antigen (HBs) positive material by accidental needle stick were treated with 4 ml hepatitis B-immunoglobulin (SRK, Swiss Red Cross). The prophylaxis was started as soon as possible, mostly within an hour or two. 56 patients were followed up with clinical and serological tests at monthly intervals for 9 months. In individuals exposed to HBs-antigen negative material, signs of HBV-infection could be detected only in one. In 36 cases potentially infectious material proved to be HBs-Ag positive. Six of the medical personnel (16.7%) had signs of hepatitis B-virus infection. One individual (2.8%) developed clinical hepatitis type B. Three (8.3%) converted to active hepatitis B markers (anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc) without clinical symptoms. Two of four who already had anti-HBs before exposure developed antibodies to HBc afresh at three- and six-month intervals. These serological conversions and the one case of clinical hepatitis developed despite the fact that HB-Ig was given in nearly all cases within one hour of exposure. The incubation period was 5-8 months. It is concluded that even rapid prophylaxis with HB-Ig after needle stick exposure does not afford 100% protection. It is urged that any passive prophylaxis with HB-Ig in exposed personnel should be complemented by active hepatitis B immunization.
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PMID:[Can prevention of hepatitis B following exposure to hepatitis virus be improved by immediate administration of HB immune serum?]. 687 37

CD38 is a 42 kDa membrane-associated ectoenzyme expressed by a large proportion of human and mouse lymphocytes. Agonistic antibodies to CD38 induce a strong proliferative response in lymphocytes additionally co-stimulated with other growth co-factors such as IL-4, IL-2 plus accessory cells or sub-mitogenic doses of endotoxin. We show here that B lymphocytes from unstimulated X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice are unresponsive to CD38 stimulation, both in terms of proliferative response and surface antigen modulation. This CD38 unresponsiveness is evident in the presence of excess quantities of, and normal responses to, the accessory growth co-stimulants required for this response. CD38 molecules expressed on xid B cells are normal in terms of expression levels, size and enzymatic activity, suggesting that CD38 unresponsiveness reflects a down-stream signaling defect. In light of the recent proposal that the xid gene encodes a tyrosine kinase called Bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk), these data suggest that btk is either an integral component or an indirect regulator of the CD38-induced signal transduction pathway.
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PMID:CD38 unresponsiveness of xid B cells implicates Bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk) as a regular of CD38 induced signal transduction. 773 14

Recent epidemiologic, immunologic, and pathophysiologic data suggest that female genital schistosomiasis, a special form of urinary schistosomiasis due to infection with the trematode Schistosoma haematobium, may be a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the 44 African countries where these infections coexist. Eggs of the parasite are found in the organs of the female genital tract (vagina, vulva, and cervix), as well as in urine. Epidemiologists have estimated that 90 million Africans are infected with S. haematobium and that 35-100% of so infected women of childbearing age suffer intermittently from genital lesions caused by eggs sequestered within the epithelium. Lesions associated with this disease tend to be multiple and bleed easily, spontaneously or on contact. Women heavily infected with S. haematobium or S. mansoni show a decrease in the number of circulating CD4+ T cells and NK cells; moreover, a cross-reactivity between HIV-1 virion infectivity factor and a surface antigen to S mansoni has been shown. The eroded, friable epithelium of women with genital schistosomiasis provides HIV with access to deeper cell layers; moreover, the abundance of CD4+ cells and macrophages within the confines of the granuloma makes rapid binding of HIV more likely than is the case with other sexually transmitted diseases. The greatest increase in HIV prevalence in the past decade has occurred in Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, and the Central African Republic--countries with S. haematobium rates of about 70%. In addition, the HIV prevalence rate in areas highly endemic for this parasite is 1.2-1.7 times greater in women than men. Needed, to confirm this association, are correlation studies of increases in HIV prevalence over time in women 15-30 years of age and rates of genital schistosomiasis.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Female genital schistosomiasis as a risk-factor for the transmission of HIV. 781 59

We investigated the prevalence of human immunodeficiency viruses-1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2), human T-lymphotropic virus type I and II, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus among intravenous drug users (IVDU) in Hiroshima, Japan, where little is known about their present levels. From June to December 1993, serum samples were collected from 47 IVDU and 98 alcoholics in Hiroshima, Japan, and examined for markers of virus infection. The prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and/or HCV-RNA was significantly higher in IVDU than alcoholics (74.5% vs 20.4%, 44.7% vs 10.2% respectively, P < 0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen and/or core antigen (anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc) showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (57.4% vs 66.3%). HIV-1 infection was found in one (2.1%) IVDU and genome analysis indicated that it was subtype B according to Myers' classification. Thus, an extremely low level of HIV infection and a high level of HCV infection was found in IVDU. Careful follow-up of this group is thought to be needed to minimize an outbreak of HIV-1 infection in Japan.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Prevalence of blood-borne viruses among intravenous drug users and alcoholics in Hiroshima, Japan. 884 4

Factors affecting the response to hepatitis B vaccination in a primary care setting were examined by means of a review of case notes of patients attending 22 sexually transmissible disease services. Where not available from the notes, presence of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) was determined by testing available stored serum. One hundred and ninety-five patients completed a course of 3 injections and had an anti-HBs assay performed. The highest response rate (anti-HBs > or = 10 IU/L) was found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative heterosexual women (16 of 17, 94.1%) followed by HIV-negative heterosexual men (11 of 12, 91.7%); HIV-negative homosexual men (105 of 120, 87.5%); and HIV-positive homosexual men (6 of 14, 42.9%). (For HIV-positive vs HIV-negative homosexual men, P = 0.0003). Eleven of 14 (78.6%) homosexual men of unknown HIV status responded to vaccination. There was a trend to lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts among HIV-infected patients who responded to hepatitis B vaccination (mean 482 cells/cm2) when compared to those that did not respond (632 cells) but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.330). Neither the type of vaccine (recombinant, plasma-derived or mixed) nor the length of vaccination course (mean 6.2 months; range 2 to 18) affected response. This study confirmed that vaccination against hepatitis B is much less effective in HIV-infected homosexual men and marginally less effective for HIV-negative homosexual men, though the mechanism for this reduced response is uncertain. Reassuringly vaccine response was not affected by common variables in primary care settings such as vaccine type or delays in the vaccine schedule.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Response to hepatitis B vaccination in a primary care setting: influence of HIV infection, CD4+ lymphocyte count and vaccination schedule. 911 65

The sera of all 2186 male blood donors presenting to the blood bank of the Gondar College of Medical Sciences, a regional hospital in Northwest Ethiopia, during 1994-95 were screened for HIV-1 and treponemal antibodies; in addition, a subset of 549 donors from 1995 was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In 1994, 12% of blood donors were HIV-positive and 13.1% had treponemal antibodies. Seroprevalence rates in 1995 were 16.7% for HIV, 12.8% for syphilis, and 14.4% for HBsAg. HIV and syphilis seroprevalence rates were highest among soldiers (30.6% and 20.9%, respectively) and daily workers (18.8% and 13.5%, respectively) and lowest among farmers (8.0% and 6.7%, respectively). In contrast, the highest rate of HBsAg was found among farmers (18.8%). HIV-infected donors were significantly more likely than HIV-negative donors to be positive for syphilis as well (odds ratio, 3.69; 95% confidence interval, 2.69-4.96), but there was no such pattern for HBsAg (odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-1.67). The increasing rate of HIV infection observed in the different occupational groups indicates that the HIV epidemic has not yet reached a plateau in Ethiopia. Moreover, the finding that HBsAg is not associated with HIV infection suggests that, in Ethiopia, hepatitis B has a different set of risk factors than have sexually transmitted diseases.
Int J STD AIDS 1997 Apr
PMID:Infection with HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B in Ethiopia: a survey in blood donors. 914 61


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