Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

50 chronic alcoholics reporting to the medical emergency ward of Basle University Hospital with alcohol-related illness were examined with respect to thiamine nutritional status by means of the transketolase activation test of erythrocytes (ETK). 46% of the chronic alcoholics, compared to only 2% of the control population (1152 healthy adults), had transketolase activation quotients indicating a strong probability of thiamine deficiency (alphaETK greater than 1.25). The most important symptoms associated with the biochemical parameters of thiamine deficiency were: anemia, pathologic liver functions (bilirubin, gamma-globulins), low diastolic blood pressure and Wernicke's encephalopathy. There was a statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between these symptoms and the biochemical parameters for thiamine deficiency. Therefore, when treating chronic alcoholics, these symptoms should direct attention to a possible vitamin B1 deficiency. Since the enzymatic vitamin B1 parameters correlate with the patients' hemoglobin, our results would be consistent with anemia influenced by provision of thiamine.
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PMID:[Vitamin B 1 deficiency in chronic alcoholics and its clinical correlation]. 101 64

During the last few years a need for simultaneous measurements of pH, pCO2, pO2, total hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, carboxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobin has been emphasized. Besides the direct use of such measured quantities a series of algorithms has been developed, especially to describe series of oxygen parameters of the blood. A multicenter study involving 20 hospital centers in Denmark and Sweden was conducted. ABL pH/blood gas analyzers and OSM3 HEMOXIMETERs from Radiometer A/S, Denmark were used. Each center was requested to perform daily quality control procedures using the QUALICHECK quality control system from RADIOMETER. Blood samples were analyzed simultaneously on both types of analyzers using local procedures. During the study 11,700 blood data sets were collected. The quality control procedures showed that the analyzers performed according to specifications with a few exceptions during the study. Measured values of hematocrit were obtained for some samples allowing for calculation of a regression equation for hematocrit and total hemoglobin. Average values for total hemoglobin from arterial and venous samples showed 7.2 mmol/L which is well below the typical normal value of 9.3 mmol/L. This was reflected in the calculated value for total oxygen (oxygen content). The measured quantities made calculation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, cDPG, possible. Based on the DPG results, an internal quality procedure has been suggested. Oxygen saturation was calculated based on actual values of pH and pO2 and the standard oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, and then compared to the measured oxygen saturation. The discrepancy between the calculated and measured values for the different types of blood samples showed that calculation of oxygen saturation should be used with great care for pO2 values below 10 kPa and especially for capillary and umbilical blood samples.
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PMID:Simultaneous measurements of blood pH, pCO2, pO2 and concentrations of hemoglobin and its derivates--a multicenter study. 212 62

Aluminum (Al) overload in dialysis patients and experimental animals is associated with the development of anemia. However, the precise mechanisms of erythrocyte Al uptake and toxicity are poorly understood. Al accumulation, hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis and cell growth were evaluated in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-induced Friend erythroleukemia cells (FEC), a model system for erythroid differentiation. FEC were grown in media containing either Al citrate, transferrin-aluminum (Tf-Al), Tf or no additions. Al accumulation occurring only in cells grown in Tf-Al containing media was detected at 24 hours and increased linearly up to 96 hours after induction. By 96 hours, 200 +/- 36 micrograms Al/liter lysed cells were detected in Tf-Al grown cells versus 5 +/- 1 micrograms Al/liter lysed cells in cells grown in Al citrate (P less than 0.001). Tf-Al inhibited Hb synthesis at 72 hours after induction. At 96 hours 50 +/- 15% cells were benzidine positive when grown in Tf-Al compared to 76 +/- 15% in Al citrate (P less than 0.001). FEC grown in increasing concentrations of Tf-Al (100 to 500 micrograms/ml) showed inhibition of Hb synthesis at lower concentrations of Tf-Al at 100 micrograms/ml than for cell growth at 300 micrograms/ml. Higher concentrations of Tf-Al (greater than 300 micrograms/ml) did not further inhibit Hb synthesis or cell growth. Iron (Fe) and Tf uptake were increased in Al loaded FEC compared to control cells. The increased Tf uptake was probably the result of increased Tf receptor expression on FES since Tf cell cycling time was unchanged. These data indicate that Al utilizes the Tf uptake pathway for entry into erythrocyte precursors. Al is toxic at sites distal to Fe uptake, possibly at the heme and/or globin synthetic pathways, resulting in decreased Hb synthesis and cell growth.
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PMID:Aluminum inhibits hemoglobin synthesis but enhances iron uptake in Friend erythroleukemia cells. 230 57

In recent years, laboratory testing in the critical-care setting has increased, a trend due, in part, to the evolution of electrochemical sensors. Various innovations have extended sensor lifetimes, reduced sensor maintenance, and led to the development of single-use and unit-use disposable sensors. These sensor technologies allow the accurate and precise determination, either at or near the bedside, of several analytes including pO2, pCO2, pH, Na, K, Cl, ionized calcium, hematocrit, total hemoglobin, and glucose. Use of these new systems, however, has raised new issues regarding sensor calibration and sample handling and collection. The number of direct-reading analyzers for electrolyte determinations has also increased dramatically. Issues regarding calibration of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for Na/K have also been raised after demonstrations of between-instrument variation. Recently, collaborative efforts between eight ISE instrument manufacturers and the National Institute of Standards and Technology resulted in the development of a Standard Reference Material, SRM 956, for the purpose of standardizing direct-reading Na/K ISEs to the flame photometer. Other widely used technologies that provide noninvasive, continuous monitoring include pulse oximetry and transcutaneous gas electrodes. These trends are expected to continue and to produce a new generation of electrochemical and optical sensors.
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PMID:Current analytical approaches to measuring blood analytes. 238 68

Measurements of pO2, pCO2 and pH by optical fluorescence microsensing technology has recently become available for monitoring blood gases during extracorporeal circulation ECC). We have compared simultaneous measurements with fiber-optic sensors (Gas-Stat, Bentley) and electrochemical sensors (ABL-4, Radiometer) on discrete samples. In 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting during hypothermic (25 degrees C) ECC and hemodilution (hemoglobin concentration 4 mmol.l-1) arterial and venous pO2, pCO2 and pH were measured in-line in the extracorporeal circuit at the actual blood temperature. Simultaneous and anaerobically collected blood samples in glass syringes were analyzed within five minutes at 37 degrees C in the ABL-4. Linear regression analysis of the values at actual temperature shows the following equations: Gas-Stat = Y, ABL-4 = X: pO2 (kPa): Y = 1.04 X + 0.5 r = 0.95 n = 136; pCO2 (kPa): Y = 0.71 X + 1.5 r = 0.79 n = 136; pH: Y = 0.788 X + 1.590 r = 0.76 n = 136. The advantage of the Gas-Stat is continuous monitoring of blood gas parameters during ECC. The present study shows that measurements of pO2, pCO2 and pH with fiber-optic chemical sensors may be reliable. The differences between the two principles of measurement may be due to unknown factors interfering with the in-line measurements or to variations in sensitivity and stability of the individual sensor.
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PMID:Fiber-optic chemical sensors (Gas-Stat) for blood gas monitoring during hypothermic extracorporeal circulation. 350 29

Physiological profiles of 42 middle-aged female marathoners (MAM) (means age = 38.2 yr) were compared with those of 9 young female marathoners (YM) (means age = 25.2 yr), 10 middle-aged female 10-km runners (MATK) (means age = 33.1 yr), and 37 middle-aged sedentary women (MAS) (means age = 38.8 yr). The groups were equivalent for height, maximum heart rate, and hematocrit, and, after adjusting for body size, hemoglobin concentration, lipids, and lipoproteins. Compared to the runners, MAS subjects had significantly higher resting heart rates and significantly lower treadmill performance times, maximum exercise minute ventilation, and VO2max. Compared to YM subjects, MATK runners had higher resting heart rates and lower treadmill performance times, and compared to both groups of marathoners, MATK runners had lower VO2max, but only when expressed relative to body weight. The YM and MAM subjects did not differ from each other except for resting heart rate values, which were higher in the MAM. These data suggest that runners have more favorable cardiorespiratory profiles than do sedentary women, but that lipid and lipoprotein values may be affected more by body size than by activity level.
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PMID:Comparative physiological profiles among young and middle-aged female distance runners. 670 82

The roles of posture and mean skin temperature (Tsk) in determining intravascular volume and protein responses to running exercise were examined in 12 male subjects. Moving from a sitting to a standing position before exercise was always accompanied by a decrease in blood volume (BV), as indicated by increases in the hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration. Although neither the onset of running nor alterations in Tsk during running caused any further consistent change in BV, there was an acceleration of the rate at which protein entered the intravascular space. At the end of exercise and in recovery this led to an augmentation of intravascular protein. It is concluded that intravascular volume responses to running exercise are determined by the accompanying postural hemoconcentration, and that running per se and any imposed thermal stress have minimal effects on BV thereafter. A hypothesis is presented which accounts for the reportedly diverse effects of different forms of exercise on BV in terms of the posture-dependent BV being obtained immediately before exercise begins.
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PMID:Intravascular volume and protein responses to running exercise. 674 22

The effects of altering skin and core temperature by cold exposure and exercise on substrate mobilization and utilization were examined. Six subjects between the ages of 22-27 years rested and exercised in neutral and cold environments to produce 1) a neutral core and neutral skin temperature, 2) a neutral core and cold skin temperature, and 3) a cold core and cold skin temperature. Free fatty acid (FFA), glucose (GL), Lactate (LA), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) concentrations were measured along with heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (R) and oxygen consumption (VO2) after 30, 60, and 90 min of exposure to each condition. FFA, GL, LA, Hb, and Hct concentrations increased significantly during rest when both mean skin temperature (Tsk) and rectal temperature (Tre) were reduced. Plasma FFA concentration was also significantly elevated and R values were reduced during exercise when both Tsk and Tre were lowered compared to exercise in a neutral environment. No significant differences in substrate concentration, hemoconcentration, or R values were observed when Tsk alone was reduced at rest or during exercise. It is concluded that a preferential utilization of fat occurs during exercise in the cold when both Tsk and Tre are reduced compared to exercise in a neutral environment.
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PMID:The effects of rest and exercise in the cold on substrate mobilization and utilization. 715 40

Because of the considerable variability in the oxygen dissociation curves for chickens reported in the literature, the respiratory physiologist studying avian gas exchange is faced with the dilemma of which curve is representative for the chicken. In order to arrive at a representative curve, data from eight reported curves were compiled and adjusted to the same set of standard conditions of temperature (T), pH, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2): T = 42 C, pH = 7.5 PCO2 = 40 torr. The mean PO2 STD (mean +/- SD) versus percent saturation of hemoglobin curve was then determined. The mean data were fitted to an equation representing the oxygen dissociation curve so that for any selected partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) the percent saturation (%SAT) of oxyhemoglobin may be computed. The P50 values for the mean literature and equation curves, respectively, were 47.4 +/- 9.8 and 45.3 Torr. The mean curve with its standard deviations provides a chicken oxygen dissociation curve representative of the literature data to which experimental data may be compared. The equation for the curve enables rapid referral to the representative curve to compute the %SAT, given the PO2 adjusted to the standard conditions.
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PMID:Representative oxygen dissociation curve and equation for the chicken. 723 68

It is unclear whether running can affect iron stores. Results using the serum ferritin assay (SER FER) have been conflicting. Decreased red cell ferritin (RBC FER) values (< or = 4 ag/RBC) occur in iron depleted or inflammatory states. We compared the longitudinal changes of hemoglobin (Hb), SER FER, RBC FER, % saturation of total iron binding capacity (% sat TIBC), and daily dietary intake in 27 runners during a training program. These parameters were measured at days 0, 49 (range 48-52), and 115 (range 85-120). No significant changes occurred in the SER FER, % sat TIBC and Hb determinations throughout the study. Overall the RBC FER values trended down (mean values 11.7 ag/RBC to 7.7 ag/RBC; p = 0.06). Fifteen runners (56%) acquired RBC FER values in the iron deficient range (mean 6.8 ag/RBC to 2.4 ag/RBC; p < 0.05). These values differed significantly from the remaining 12 runners (mean 17.3 ag/RBC to 14.7 ag/RBC). The decline in RBC FER into the iron deficient range was primarily seen in a subset of runners who began with a RBC FER value < or = 10 ag/RBC (positive predictive value 0.79) and was independent of iron intake. We conclude that ferritin can be affected by running as recognized by the red cell ferritin assay. Moreover our results suggest that this decrease in red cell ferritin is likely a function of defective iron utilization rather than total body iron deficiency. A potential consideration is that this fall may occur as a result of repetitive running-associated injury and inflammation.
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PMID:The effect of running on serum and red cell ferritin. A longitudinal comparison. 755 22


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