Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Men attending 3 sexually transmissible disease clinics and a university health clinic in Sydney, Australia, were invited to complete a questionnaire on their use of condoms. Respondents were 108 male condom user volunteers aged 18 to 62 years; in the last five years 47 had had sex with men, 18 with both men and women and 43 only with women. They reported using a total of 4809 condoms in the previous 12 months (condoms worn by a male partner were not included). The overall breakage rate was 4.9% (including condoms breaking during application), while 3.1% of condoms reportedly slipped off. On a multivariate analysis, condom breakage correlated with: (1) male sexual partner(s), (2) infrequent condom use, (3) rolling the condom on as per conventional instructions (modified application methods appeared protective) and (4) having trouble with condoms partially slipping. Factors associated with condoms slipping off were (1) young age, (2) being circumcised, (3) having less life-time condom experience, (4) rolling the condom on conventionally, and (5) having trouble with condoms partially slipping. Few men used inappropriate lubricants and no association between lubricant type and breakage was found. Though common among our respondents, negative attitudes towards condoms, loss of erection during condom application or use, finding condoms uncomfortable, and prolonged sexual intercourse were not related to success in use. Almost half (49%) of the men reported having deliberately removed a condom after the beginning of intercourse; 17% had done so 3 or more times. Counselling protocols should acknowledge the complexity of condom use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Why do condoms break or slip off in use? An exploratory study. 772 77

A prospective study of 356 consecutive heterosexual male patients attending the Department of Genitourinary Medicine at University College Hospital was carried out to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis. Patients were asked about their symptoms, use of condoms and change of sexual partner. The prevalence of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU--chlamydia positive and negative urethritis) was 37% (131 of 356). C. trachomatis was shown to be the causative organism in 24% (31 of 131) of patients with NGU. The prevalence of other STDs in men with C. trachomatis and with non-chlamydial urethritis was 15% and 10% respectively. Men with C. trachomatis were significantly more likely than men with non-chlamydial urethritis to be asymptomatic (56% vs 35%). The prevalence of C. trachomatis was highest in men who had changed partner in the previous 3 months (20 of 32 men). A third of men never used condoms in the first 3 months of a new relationship and over half failed to use them after 3 months. There was no evidence that the reported use of condoms reduced the rate of infection with C. trachomatis.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Chlamydial urethritis in heterosexual men attending a genitourinary medicine clinic: prevalence, symptoms, condom usage and partner change. 754 97

This study compared the effectiveness of getting gay men to evaluate the self-justifications they use when breaking their safe sex rules to that of a standard approach to AIDS education. Men (n = 109) who had 'slipped up' (broken their safe sex rules by having unprotected anal intercourse) kept diaries of their sexual behaviour for 16 weeks. After 4 weeks they were allocated to one of 3 conditions, 2 involving brief interventions--Self-justifications (evaluation of self-justifications) and Standard (examination of posters used in AIDS education)--and a Control (diary only). At the time of the intervention, more members of the Self-justifications than the Standard group thought that it would help them not to slip up. In the post-intervention period, the 3 groups did not differ in the incidence of sexual activity or in the proportion who slipped up at least once, but the Self-justifications group were less likely to have had multiple slip-ups. Three possible explanations are offered for the effectiveness of the Self-justifications intervention. This approach may provide a useful alternative to standard techniques of AIDS education.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Preventing unprotected anal intercourse in gay men: a comparison of two intervention techniques. 777 37

The aim of the present study was to characterize endemic versus non-endemic gonorrhoea to identify risk groups for transmission and to evaluate the effects of intensified contact tracing performed by specially trained social workers at venereal clinics. A total of 671 gonorrhoea patients (283 women and 388 men) comprised the study group. Seventy percent of the women and 48% of the men had an endemic infection (P < 0.001). Men without a steady partner had an increased risk of non-endemic infection. A decrease from 75% to 40% was noted in the proportion of endemic infection in Stockholm from the first quarter of the study period (2 years) to the last. Contact tracing resulted in 1.2 identified partners per patient. A total of 736 partners were examined either as a result of contact tracing efforts or because they had sought medical care on their own prior to intervention. Forty-seven percent of these partners were infected, 44% were not infected and 9% were examined outside the study with results unknown to us. The partner notification efforts yielded 161 new untreated cases. Contact tracing of women generated one new case per 4.0 interviewed women and contact tracing of men one new case per 4.3 interviewed men. Interviewing index patients with endemic infection yielded the highest number of new cases. Forty-three percent of the patients were infected outside Stockholm but only a smaller part of these patients spread their infection further into the community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Endemic versus non-endemic gonorrhoea in Stockholm: results of contact tracing. 821 16

The antibiotic susceptibility, serovars and auxotypes were investigated in gonococcal strains isolated from all patients with gonorrhoea during one year in Stockholm, Sweden. The results were correlated to geographical origin of the infection. A total of 394 gonococcal strains were isolated from 392 patients, 135 (34%) women and 257 (66%) men. Beta-lactamase-producing gonococcal strains (PPNG) were isolated from 5% of the women and 16% of the men. Men had acquired their infection abroad more often than women (54% vs 33%) (P < 0.001). The majority (81%) of the PPNG infections were imported. Some serovars and auxotypes were more common among imported strains than among indigenous ones. All strains were sensitive to spectinomycin and 2 strains had decreased susceptibility to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Decreased susceptibility to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, doxycycline and cefuroxime was related to the geographical origin of the strains with strains imported from regions other than Europe being the most resistant.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Antibiotic susceptibility, serovars and auxotypes of gonococcal isolates in Stockholm. Relation to geographical origin of the infection. 842

Men and women patients not previously immunized or tested, attending the Adelaide (South Australia) STD clinic from 1988-1991, were tested for hepatitis B infection, and potential risk factors detected by multiple logistic regression. Of 7055 men and 3425 women patients tested 811 (11.5%) men and 250 (7.3%) women were seropositive. Among men seropositivity was associated with being Asian (odds ratio (OR) = 14.5), being Aboriginal (OR = 2.2), homosexual behaviour (OR = 3.8), intravenous drug use (OR = 3.2) being over 24 (OR = 2.7), previous STD (OR = 1.8), being unemployed (OR = 1.3) and having sex outside the state in the past 3 months (OR = 1.3). Among women seropositivity was associated with being Asian (OR = 10.3), being Aboriginal (OR = 2.4), intravenous drug use (OR = 3.8), being over 24 (OR = 1.6) and having vaginal discharge or dysuria (OR = 1.4). Seropositivity was not independently associated with being a prostitute or having multiple sex partners in the past 3 months. Among seropositive individuals, risk factors were not readily identifiable for 15% of men and 43% of women. Univariate analysis may provide misleading indicators of risk factors because of the confounding influence of other factors, particularly intravenous drug use. In selective vaccination campaigns the target group should be determined on the basis of local circumstances. In South Australia this group should include men with an STD. The success of selective campaigns will be jeopardized by the failure to identify risk factors in many of those who become infected, and in such situations universal vaccination or widespread screening may be more appropriate strategies.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Factors associated with hepatitis B infection. 847 58

Men attending 3 sexually transmissible disease clinics and a university health service in Sydney were given a questionnaire asking how many condoms they had used in the past year and how many broke during application or use or slipped off. Respondents were 544 men aged 18 to 54 years. Of these, 402 men reported using 13,691 condoms for vaginal or anal intercourse; 7.3% reportedly broke during application or use and 4.4% slipped off. Men having sex with men reported slightly higher slippage rates than those having sex with women. Breakage and slippage were unevenly distributed among the sample: a few men experienced very high failure rates. A volunteer subsample reported 3 months later on condoms supplied to them: 36 men used 529 condoms, of which 2.8% broke during application or use and 3.4% slipped off. Many of these failures pose no risk to the user, especially those occurring during application, as long as they are noticed at the time, but failure may discourage future use. Research is needed to identify user behaviours related to breakage.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:How often do condoms break or slip off in use? 847 71

In mid-1991, in a Ugandan town on the trans-African highway, interviews were conducted with and blood specimens taken from 389 persons aged 13 to more than 45 years from 154 households to assess the prevalence of HIV-1 infection and to identify its risk factors. The overall HIV-1 prevalence rate stood at 40.4% (35.6% for men and 43.7% for women). The highest HIV-1 prevalence rates were among men aged 35-44 (56.7%) and women aged 20-24 and aged 25-34 (52.9% and 50.6%, respectively). The urban rate was higher than the semi-rural rate (44.1% vs. 25.6%; p 0.005). 65% of all households had at least one HIV-1 seropositive adult. Single adults had a lower HIV-1 seroprevalence rate than ever married adults (e.g., among men, 10.3% vs. 30.8-62.5%) (relative risk [RR] = 2.8; p 0.005). The Baganda ethnic group had the lowest rate, while the Rwandese group had the highest rate (35.8% vs. 59.2%; RR = 1.4). Education did not affect the prevalence rate. Employed persons were more likely to have HIV-1 infection than the unemployed (44.4% vs. 32.6%; p 0.05). The occupations with the highest HIV-1 infection rates were business person (56.2%) and bar attendant (50%). History of blood transfusion did not appear to be a risk factor for HIV-1 infection (28% vs. 41.3% for no history). 33 HIV-1 seropositive adults had never had sexual intercourse. Men were more likely to have had multiple sex partners than women (e.g., having at least 10 lifetime partners, 61% vs. 11%). Seropositivity rates increased greatly with rising numbers of lifetime sexual partners to a maximum of 3 for females, but it continued to rise for men. It increased for men as the number of contacts in the last month increased (p = 0.05 for trend). 14% of men and 18% of women had a genital ulcer disease in the last 6 months. These findings suggest a need for a three-pronged AIDS prevention strategy: improved sexually transmitted disease control, a reduction in partner change, and an increase in condom use.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:HIV-1 infection in a Ugandan town on the trans-African highway: prevalence and risk factors. 873 37

While a number of studies have examined behavioural and psychosocial correlates of HIV test seeking, most of this research has relied on samples of urban gay men. Less is known about HIV testing rates and factors associated with testing among gay and bisexual men who live in smaller cities. The present research administered surveys to 3969 non-exclusively partnered gay and bisexual men attending gay bars in small American cities to determine (a) rates of HIV test seeking, and (b) how tested and non-tested men differed on a battery of psychosocial indices. A total of 68% of men had been tested for antibodies to HIV--50% in the past year. Men tested for HIV in the past year, compared to men never tested for HIV, knew more people who were HIV positive or were diagnosed with AIDS, had a closer relationship with someone who had died of AIDS, were more likely to be ethnic minorities, reported more conversations with friends about safer sex, and had stronger intentions to use condoms during their next intercourse occasion. Our results indicate that HIV counselling and testing programmes comprise an important component of HIV prevention efforts assisting gay men residing in smaller USA cities.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Psychosocial differences between recently HIV tested and non-tested gay men who reside in smaller US cities. 884 3

We aim to provide empirical data regarding the role of various sex-on-premises venues for gay men in the spread of HIV infection and homosexual activity with casual partners at different (public) venues was assessed. A questionnaire was filled out by participants in a cohort study in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Questions were asked regarding sex in private homes, baths, cruising areas, darkrooms, cinemas, and hotel rooms. The majority of the 410 men who had sex with casual partners had done so in private homes (67.8%). However, cruising areas, baths and darkrooms were also highly frequented. Three general 'scenes' of venues frequented could be distinguished, and characteristics of men frequenting different types of venues were found to differ. Men who reported unprotected anal sex did so for only one type of venue. Private homes were the locations where most men engaged in high-risk behaviours. However, the number of partners practising unprotected anogenital sex was highest in (semi) public venues.
Int J STD AIDS 1997 Feb
PMID:Homosexual encounters in different venues. 906 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>