Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cohort of 112 men presenting with acute non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) was investigated for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis. Men with 3 or more episodes of NGU in the preceding 12 months, or who had received treatment for NGU in the preceding 3 months were excluded. C. trachomatis was sought by examination of urethral smears by direct immunofluorescence, and by examination of the centrifuged deposit from a first pass urine (FPU) sample by direct immunofluorescence, IDEIA, and the polymerase chain reaction. Urethral samples from 48 men were positive for CT, and the FPU samples from an additional 7 men were positive by at least 2 assays. With such intensive investigation it is likely that those men identified as chlamydia-negative were genuinely free from the infection. The clinical history and response to treatment of those men who were chlamydia-positive were compared with those of the chlamydia-negative men. They differed in that a larger proportion of the chlamydia-positive men reported having had intercourse with more than one partner in the previous 3 months, and having had fewer previous episodes of NGU. Moreover, in contrast to some previous studies, after one week of treatment with doxycycline, a larger proportion (65%) of the chlamydia-negative men than the chlamydia-positive men (40%) was cured, although the difference was not sustained following later treatment.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:A reappraisal of chlamydial and nonchlamydial acute non-gonococcal urethritis. 161 66

An outbreak of 1089 cases of infectious syphilis (primary, secondary and early latent) which occurred in the province of Alberta from 1981 to 1987 was analysed by stage of disease, age, sex, sexual preference and geographic distribution. The majority of cases occurred between 1983 and 1985 inclusive. Men accounted for 75.8% of the study population. The majority of men (71%) and women (98.5%) were heterosexual. Of the infected women, 58.7% were North American Indians and many worked as prostitutes. There was clustering in urban locations with 71.8% and 17.7% of cases reported in Edmonton and Calgary, respectively. Clinical signs of syphilis were more commonly present in men than women. Contact tracing played an important role in controlling the outbreak with 15.9% of men and 44.7% of women being diagnosed and treated as a result of this activity.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Epidemiology of an outbreak of infectious syphilis in Alberta. 178 32

To study changes in sexual behaviour, heterosexuals with multiple sexual partners were recruited through an STD-clinic and asked to return every 4 months for follow-up. Between October 1987 and June 1989, 512 heterosexuals entered the study and 140 men and 200 women had at least one follow-up visit. No changes were found between 3 visits in the kind of sexual techniques practiced. Condom use during vaginal intercourse with commercial partners (prostitutes or clients) was relatively high and remained high, but was low and remained at that level with private partners. Men and women reduced their number of private sexual partners by 50%, but the decline in the number of commercial partners was nonsignificant. Although more information is needed about the underlying social-psychological aspects of behavioural change, it seems necessary to redesign prevention activities to stress the effectiveness of condoms and to encourage condom use especially among heterosexuals with multiple private partners.
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PMID:Limited changes in sexual behaviour of heterosexual men and women with multiple partners in The Netherlands. 185 11

Herpes simplex infection of the genitals is a common condition, more often due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 than to type 1 virus. There is a severe first attack followed by mild recurrences which are more common and more frequent after HSV-2 than after HSV-1 genital infection. Clinical features with prodrome, vesicles and erosions may be characteristic allowing rapid clinical diagnosis. When possible laboratory confirmation should be attempted. General management includes simple hygiene, avoidance of sexual transmission, use of condoms, and notifying partners. Oral acyclovir (Zovirax, Wellcome) is the drug of choice for initial attacks and should be considered for all women with this diagnosis. Intravenous acyclovir may be used for very severe attacks. Men with initial attacks may be treated with oral acyclovir but mild disease affecting only skin may be treated with 5% acyclovir cream. Recurrences are short so acyclovir has less effect. Frequent recurrences can be troublesome and may be suppressed by continuous oral acyclovir, or individual attacks may be aborted with intermittent therapy. Various systemic complications may occur; an important but rare problem is primary herpes in late pregnancy. Acyclovir is effective in the treatment of the troublesome herpes simplex disease associated with human immunodeficiency infection. Acyclovir is one of the more expensive treatments for sexually transmitted diseases. At present in many countries costs are being examined, and application of the principles outlined here should help to minimize cost and maximize care.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Management of genital herpes simplex infection. 195 14

Nine hundred and fourteen heterosexual persons who requested care at STD clinics in South Carolina responded to self-administered questions on STD history, socio-demographic characteristics, number of sexual partners, and sexual partner choice. These data and the current STD diagnosis were analysed using multivariate techniques. Sexual behaviors of men and women were different. Men reported greater number of partners and less discriminating sex partner recruitment patterns. Age, rural/urban residence, race, and number of sex partners were independent predictors of gonorrhea infection among men. Among women, age, rural/urban residence, and not knowing the most recent sex partner very well emerged as independent predictors of infection.
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PMID:Sex partner recruitment as risk factor for STD: clustering of risky modes. 202 64

The aim of the present work was to estimate the dynamics and efficiency (eta sw) of sweating, and thermoregulatory index (TI) defined as a ratio of heat loaded the body to the heat removed to the environment. In the first part of this work 22 men exercised with an intensity of 50% VO2 max. in 22 degrees C, 16 men were exposed to 40 degrees C at rest, and 9 men exercised at the level of 50% VO2 max. at 30 degrees C. In the second part, 8 men and 8 women were exposed to 40 degrees C before and after dehydration (1% of body mass, approximately), 8 men exercised at 23 degrees C before and after hyperhydration (35 ml/kg of body mass) and 22 men exercised before and after 3 months of endurance training. Body heat balance, rectal (Tre), tympanic (Tty) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures were measured in all subjects. TI was greater during simultaneous (0.84) than during separate endo- (0.76, p less than 0.01) or exogenous (0.67, p less than 0.001) heat loads. The respective values of eta sw were 0.82; 0.57 (p less than 0.001) and 0.78 (p less than 0.001). No difference in TI was found between men and women. Dynamics of sweating was greater in men but efficiency of sweating was greater in women. Dehydration before heat exposure decreased both dynamics of sweating and TI but it increased eta sw in men. As a result Tre was greater in dehydrated (0.45 degrees C) than in normally hydrated men (0.31 degrees C, p less than 0.002). Dehydration did not affect the measured variables in women. Hyperhydration of exercising men caused an increase in TI from 0.72 to 0.82 (p less than 0.05) and in eta sw from 0.57 to 0.81 (p less than 0.01). In men exercising after endurance training the onset of sweating was shortened from 4.0 to 0.9 min (p less than 0.002). TI increased from 0.76 to 0.89 (p less than 0.001), eta sw increased from 0.57 to 0.74 (p less than 0.02) whereas Tty was lower (1.10 and 0.58 degrees C, p less than 0.001, respectively). It is concluded that dynamics and efficiency of sweating, as well as the thermoregulatory index depend on the type of heat load. Men and women tolerate dry heat equally well. Dehydration changes thermoregulatory function in men but not in women. Hyperhydration before exercise and particularly endurance training increase tolerance of endogenous heat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Efficiency of thermoregulatory system in man under endogenous and exogenous heat loads. 213 85

A non-clinic cohort of 525 homosexually active men from London and South Wales were recruited in 1988 for a study by interview of sexual behaviour. A sample of blood was tested for HIV-1 antibodies. Seropositivity in London was 9.2% compared with 3.4% in South Wales. Men who were not regular STD clinic attenders had a lower rate of seropositivity than did those who were regular attenders. Men who were seropositive reported more sexual partners with whom they had anal intercourse and also reported more episodes of syphilis. Overall, rates of seropositivity were lower than those reported by studies from STD clinics.
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PMID:Seroprevalence of HIV-1 infection in a cohort of homosexually active men. 226 39

Sixty-nine whites (38 men and 31 women) aged 17 to 88 years and 48 blacks (19 men and 29 women) aged 17 to 61 years were studied. Each person walked in desert heat for 1 hour at a rate requiring 40% of aerobic capacity. Observations were recorded on their rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperature (Tsk), heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and sweat rate (SR). Older men and women of both races were able to complete their walks without any ill effects. Age, per se, did not significantly reduce elderly individuals' ability to tolerate the combined stress of dry heat and exercise. Men of both races had higher sweat rate and lower heart rate and rectal and skin temperature than women working at the same percentage of aerobic capacity. Success of thermoregulation at 40% of aerobic capacity of blacks and whites was equal, but in both races men thermoregulated more successful than women. Our data suggest that thermoregulatory capacity of humans under desert conditions differs between sexes and is not influenced significantly by age or race except for differences in aerobic capacity.
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PMID:Thermoregulatory responses to desert heat: age, race and sex. 673 76

A study of diagnostic patterns in patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in England and Wales during 1978 showed that homosexuals contributed 10% of all male cases but 15% of gonococcal infections. In heterosexual and homosexual men only 6% of disease episodes included more than one positive diagnosis compared with 16% in women. One or more diseases occurred concurrently in over 30% of cases of gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, candidosis, genital herpes, and genital warts in women. Men with multiple episodes of disease contributed a disproportionate number of gonococcal infections but were less likely to have candidosis or genital herpes than patients with only one disease episode. Thus, counting cases treated appears to be an inadequate way of measuring the problems caused by STDS. To enable more rapid identification of the diseases which are the most difficult to control, STD statistics should include the sexual orientation of male patients and differentiate between genuine "new" attenders at clinics and those previously seen.
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PMID:Study of STD clinic attenders in England and Wales, 1978. 2. Patterns of diagnosis. 689 42

We examined patients attending an STD clinic (Department of Dermatology, Lasarettet, Lund). Chlamydia trachomatis was demonstrated in 26% of 2021 male patients by culture from the urethra (using cyclo-heximide-treated McCoy cells). The corresponding figure for Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 15%. Both organisms were found in 5% of the patients. In women, culture from the cervix demonstrated C. trachomatis in 16% of 1039 patients. N. gonorrhoeae was found in 14%, and both organisms in 4% of the patients. Men with chlamydial urethritis were more frequently found to have a watery discharge than those with gonococcal urethritis. They also had fewer leucocytes in smears from the urethra. Treatment with different tetracyclines gives good therapeutic results in both men and women infected with C. trachomatis. In contact-tracing, 53% of 95 male partners and 65% of 103 female partners were found to harbour C. trachomatis. About 50% of these contacts were free of symptoms. This indicates the importance of contact-tracing in genital chlamydial infection.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of chlamydial venereal disease. 708 80


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