Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been a year since the CCP Central Committee issued an open letter to all CCP and CYL members on population control. In the past year, CCP and CYL members and the broad masses of people in our province have actively responded to the CCP Central Committee's call--1 child/couple. Over 1.7 million couples of childbearing age have applied for only-child certificates. Our province has scored great achievements in planned parenthood work. However, we must realize that new situations and new questions have arisen in planned parenthood work. 1st, the peak period of population growth in our province is from the late 1950s to the 1960s. Children born in this period are now entering the childbearing age. There soon will be a new peak population growth period. 2nd, because of the enactment of the new marriage law, the number of those married in the first 1/2 of this year doubled that of previous years. Responsibility systems in rural areas have pomoted development of productive forces. This is very good, but this has also stimulated population growth because people mistakenly think that more children mean more labor forces and more income. They begin to think of having more chidlren--especially sons. Some localities have lost control of population growth. The birth rate in rural areas has begun to climb quickly. If no measures are adopted immediately, our province's population will swell enormously. All the achievements scored in the 1970s will probably be spoiled, and we likely will again commit a historical error. As far as our province is concerned, planned parenthood is imperative. In 1949, our province's per capita farmland was 3 mu. At the end of 1980, it was only 1.49 mu. If no measures are adopted and the population keeps growing, the consequences will be serious.
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PMID:[Continuously do a good job in planned parenthood work and fulfill this year's population target]. 1226 95

The State Council has issued a call to all people in China advocating 1 child families. The objective is to limit China's population to 1.2 billion by the end of the 20th century. This is an important measure that concerns the speed and future of the 4 modernizations as well as the health and happiness of future generations. The CCP Central Committee calls on all CCP and CYL members, particularly cadres at all levels, to take the lead and respond with practical actions to the State Council's call, and actively, conscientiously, and patiently publicize the call among the broad masses. Since the founding of the People's Republic, the death rate of the population has been greatly reduced and life expectancy has been greatly lengthened. Yet, the population's birth rate has not been appropriately controlled. The population growth was fastest in the period from 1963-1970. If the population growth is not brought under control within the next 30-40 years, through 1 child families, China's population will reach 1.3 billion after 20 years and surpass 1.5 billion after 40 years based on the present rate of 2.2 children per couple. The most effective way to control the population growth is to implement the State Council's call for 1 child families. If the population increases too rapidly, it will be most difficult to raise the people's living standard. The goal of 1 child families can be realized if all the people work conscientiously. In addition to advocating 1 child families, the need for later marriages and childbearing also must be stressed. To control population growth, the party and government have decided to adopt a number of specific policies. These will include special consideration for only children and their families in nursery and school enrollment, medical care, employment, housing allocations if they live in cities, and allocations of land on which to build houses if they live in rural areas.
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PMID:[CCP Central Committee open letter on population control]. 1226 97

In 1980, the population growth rate in Yunnan was reduced to 10.25/1000. Compared with 1979, the number of births was reduced by 152,000 persons. The population growth rate was reduced by 4.35/1000. Localities in which the population growth rate was below 10/1000 in 1980 include Kunming, Baoshan, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Dongchuan, Lijiang, Dali, and Honghe prefectures, autonomous prefectures and municipalities. This growth rate was also achieved in 69 counties, districts and towns as well as 665 communes. Some 66,500 couples throughout the province received 1-child certificates. In 1980, under the leadership of the party and government, the trade unions, CYL, women's federations, and public health departments paid attention to grasping planned parenthood work.
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PMID:[Yunnan population]. 1226 26

In 1988, the regional Family Planning (FP) Commission of Nei Monggol, China, issued a propaganda outline containing the following language: "In order to fulfill the three fighting targets put forward by the autonomous regional party committee, efforts should be made to accelerate the speed of developing the economy on the one hand and bring population growth under strict control on the other hand. It is necessary to further stabilize the existing policy on FP work and to continuously encourage one couple to have one child throughout their life. In allowing rural people to have a second birth, rural authorities must strictly enforce the measure, strictly ban second or more births outside the plan, and strictly prohibit people marrying too early and giving birth too early. Minority nationalities should also implement the FP policy in line with the demand of central authorities." The propaganda outline also urges Communist party members, CYL members, and cadres at all levels to actively respond to the party's call and be vanguards in FP work.
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PMID:Family planning propaganda outline, 1988. 1228 60

Henan scored excellent results in planned parenthood work last year. The natural population growth rate fell to 9.53/1000, a fall of 3.35/1000 from the 1979 level. The province victoriously fulfilled the population plan assigned by the state. Some 320,000 couples with 1 child have taken out single-child certificates. The provincial CCP Committee recently convened a planned parenthood meeting. Provincial CCP Committee 1st Secretary Liu Jie and Secretaries Dai Suli and Zhang Shude spoke at the meeting. Li Xiuzhen, deputy director of the State Council's planned parenthood leading group and director of its administrative office, also attended and spoke at the meeting. The speakers stressed: Party committees and government at all levels must strengthen leadership over planned parenthood, put this work in an important place on their agenda, resolve to promote this work, and succeed in grasping the 2 items of production together. We must further publicize and implement the Central Committee's open letter, vigorously advocate that each couple should have only 1 child, strictly control the birth of a 2nd child, and take resolute measures to prevent the birth of more than 2. We must put ideological education in the primary position. CCP and CYL members and cadres at all levels must take the lead in practicing planned parenthood.
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PMID:[Liu Jie attends Henan planned parenthood meeting]. 1231 28

China has made outstanding achievements in planned parenthood work since the beginning of the 1970s. In June 1979 the Second Plenary Session of the Fifth NPC proposed to "reward those married couples who bear only 1 child." In September 1980 the CCP Central Committee issued an open letter to all CCP and CYL members on controlling population growth. At this time, more than 10 million married couples at childbearing age throughout China have received preferential treatment certificates for bearing only 1 child, and more married couples at childbearing age have adopted birth control measures. According to preliminary statistics, the natural population growth rate dropped from 11.7/1000 to below 11/1000 in 1980. China's planned parenthood effort is a longterm strategic task. Despite the outstanding achievements, efforts must not be relaxed--not in the next few years or even the next 20-30 years. The experiences of some provinces, municipalities, prefectures and counties, and many communes and brigades have demonstrated that as long as a good job is done in conducting publicity and education programs and as long as the policies are correct and the measures effective, the birth rate can be controlled below a definite limit. Many people are willing to bear only 1 child. As there are almost 800 million peasants in China, it is essential that a good job be done in planned parenthood work in the countryside. The principle of depending primarily on prevention and on contraception must be emphasized. To rely mainly on prevention, efforts must be made to strengthen publicity and education work long before people are married and bear children. All newspapers and journals and various reading materials on the popularization of science bear the greatest responsibility for publicizing planned parenthood. To do a better job in promoting planned parenthood work, it is necessary to seriously implement specific policies in giving preferential treatment to married couples who bear only 1 child, strengthen maternity and child care work, take care of old men and women who have no relatives, properly organize the production and distribution of contraception, and enhance the technical standards of medical personnel regarding planned parenthood.
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PMID:[Renmin Ribao editorial urges planned parenthood]. 1231 30

In 1980, the natural population growth rate in Shaanxi declined to 7.19/1000. This was the best result since the launching of planned parenthood work in the province. The annual population increase declined from 570,000 in the early 1970s to 200,000 in 1980. In Tongchuan and Xian Municipalities and Hanzhong Prefecture, the population growth rate declined to 6/1000 while the rate in Weinan and Shangluo Prefectures declined to 7/1000. The party and CYL members have actively responded to the calls of the party Central Committee and State Council to spontaneously promote late marriage and late childbearing. Some 458,000 couples in the province have taken out single-child certificates. In the countryside throughout Shaanxi, 7100 young couples have settled in households where there are only daughters.
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PMID:[Shaanxi population growth]. 1233 68

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a regulator related to cellular inflammation, immune responses and carcinogenesis. Therefore, components of the NF-kappaB-activating singnaling pathways are frequent targets for the anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. In this study, CYL-19 s and CYL-26z, two synthetic alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone derivatives, were shown to inhibit the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in human A549 alveolar epithelial cells and the adhesion of U937 cells to these cells. RT-PCR analysis also demonstrated their inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 mRNA expression. TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB-dependent promoter activities were attenuated by CYL-19 s and CYL-26z. ICAM-1 promoter activities induced by the over-expression of wild-type NF-kappaB-inducing kinase and IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) were also inhibited by both compounds. Furthermore, CYL-19 s and CYL-26z inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha and NF-kappaB-specific DNA-protein binding activity via targeting IKK complex directly, without any effect on the activations of other kinases such as ERK1/2 and p38. In addition to ICAM-1 expression, CYL-19 s and CYL-26z also suppressed other NF-kappaB-mediated gene expressions such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA and cyclooxygnease-2 (COX-2) protein. In Matrigel assays, ICAM-1 and COX-2 expressions induced by TNF-alpha elicited A549 and NCI-H292 cell invasion, respectively, and these effects were inhibited by both compounds. In summary, our data demonstrated that CYL-19 s and CYL-26z down-regulate the TNF-alpha-induced inflammatory genes expression through suppression of IKK activity and NF-kappaB activation. These agents may be effective in the anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapy.
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PMID:Inhibition of ICAM-1 gene expression, monocyte adhesion and cancer cell invasion by targeting IKK complex: molecular and functional study of novel alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone derivatives. 1521 3

In a screen for suppressors of activated GOA-1 (Galpha(o)) under the control of the hsp-16.2 heat-shock promoter, we identified three genetic loci that affected heat-shock-induced GOA-1 expression. The cyl-1 mutants are essentially wild type in appearance, while hsf-1 and sup-45 mutants have egg-laying defects. The hsf-1 mutation also causes a temperature-sensitive developmental arrest, and hsf-1 mutants have decreased life span. Western analysis indicated that mutations in all three loci suppressed the activated GOA-1 transgene by decreasing its expression. Heat-shock-induced expression of hsp-16.2 mRNA was reduced in cyl-1 mutants and virtually eliminated in hsf-1 and sup-45 mutants, as compared to wild-type expression. The mutations could also suppress other transgenes under heat-shock control. cyl-1 and sup-45, but not hsf-1, mutations suppressed a defect caused by a transgene not under heat-shock control, suggesting a role in general transcription or a post-transcriptional aspect of gene expression. hsf-1 encodes the C. elegans homolog of the human heat-shock factor HSF1, and cyl-1 encodes a cyclin most similar to cyclin L. We believe HSF-1 acts in heat-shock-inducible transcription and CYL-1 acts more generally in gene expression.
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PMID:The L-type cyclin CYL-1 and the heat-shock-factor HSF-1 are required for heat-shock-induced protein expression in Caenorhabditis elegans. 1561 Nov 66

We present the methodological background, the range of applicability, and the on-line usage of two software packages, MIESCHKA and CYL, which we have developed for light-scattering analysis on nonspherical particles. MIESCHKA solves Maxwell's equations in a rigorous way but is restricted to axisymmetric geometries, whereas CYL is an approximation for finite columns with nonspherical cross sections. We have established an easy on-line access to both of these programs through the Virtual Laboratory. Its generic software infrastructure was designed to simplify the web-based usage and to support the intercomparability of scientific software.
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PMID:Two software tools for plane-wave scattering on nonspherical particles in the German Aerospace Center's Virtual Laboratory. 1561 72


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