Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been postulated that PtdIns(3,4) P (2), one of the immediate breakdown products of PtdIns(3,4,5) P (3), functions as a signalling molecule in insulin- and growth-factor-stimulated pathways. To date, the t andem- P H-domain-containing p rotein- 1 (TAPP1) and related TAPP2 are still the only known PH-domain-containing proteins that interact strongly and specifically with PtdIns(3,4) P (2). In this study we demonstrate that endogenously expressed TAPP1, is constitutively associated with the protein-tyrosine-phosphatase-like protein-1 (PTPL1 also known as FAP-1). We show that PTPL1 binds to TAPP1 and TAPP2, principally though its first PDZ domain [where PDZ is postsynaptic density protein ( P SD-95)/ Drosophila disc large tumour suppressor ( d lg)/tight junction protein ( Z O1)] and show that this renders PTPL1 capable of associating with PtdIns(3,4) P (2) in vitro. Our data suggest that the binding of TAPP1 to PTPL1 does not influence PTPL1 phosphatase activity, but instead functions to maintain PTPL1 in the cytoplasm. Following stimulation of cells with hydrogen peroxide to induce PtdIns(3,4) P (2) production, PTPL1, complexed to TAPP1, translocates to the plasma membrane. This study provides the first evidence that TAPP1 and PtdIns(3,4) P (2) could function to regulate the membrane localization of PTPL1. We speculate that if PTPL1 was recruited to the plasma membrane by increasing levels of PtdIns(3,4) P (2), it could trigger a negative feedback loop in which phosphoinositide-3-kinase-dependent or other signalling pathways could be switched off by the phosphatase-catalysed dephosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases or tyrosine phosphorylated adaptor proteins such as IRS1 or IRS2. Consistent with this notion we observed RNA-interference-mediated knock-down of TAPP1 in HEK-293 cells, enhanced activation and phosphorylation of PKB following IGF1 stimulation.
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PMID:Interaction of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPL1 with the PtdIns(3,4)P2-binding adaptor protein TAPP1. 1451 76

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) generate several distinct lipid second messengers including phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) trisphosphate (PIP3) and phosphatidylinositol (3,4) bisphosphate PI(3,4)P2. PI(3,4)P2 is produced with distinct kinetics and binds to distinct PH domain effector proteins; however, the regulation of this signaling pathway is poorly understood. Superoxides such as hydrogen peroxide are transiently produced after activation through various cell surface receptors and play important roles in immune and inflammatory responses. Here we use quantitative microscopy to examine the effect of peroxide on PI(3,4)P2-mediated mobilization of signaling proteins in B lymphocytes. Peroxide was found to induce dose-dependant membrane recruitment of the PI(3,4)P2-binding PH domain proteins Bam32, TAPP2 and Akt/PKB but not the PIP3-binding PH domain of Btk. Peroxide-induced membrane recruitment was found to be dependant on PI3K activity, with the p110delta isoform contributing much of the activity in the BJAB human B lymphoma model. Strikingly, peroxide co-stimulation enhanced antigen receptor-induced membrane recruitment of Bam32 and TAPP2, with combined stimulation exceeding the maximum achievable with either stimulus alone. Expression of the lipid phosphatase PTEN led to reduction of antigen receptor-induced membrane recruitment of TAPP2; however, peroxide costimulation could overcome the inhibitory effect of PTEN. Inhibition of the NADPH oxidase led to reduction of antigen receptor-induced membrane recruitment of TAPP2. Our results indicate that exogenous and endogenous superoxides can modulate the quality of the PI3K signal in lymphocytes by selectively increasing PI(3,4)P2-dependant signaling.
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PMID:Regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling by oxidants: hydrogen peroxide selectively enhances immunoreceptor-induced recruitment of phosphatidylinositol (3,4) bisphosphate-binding PH domain proteins. 1721 4

The ubiquitously expressed phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of lipid kinases control diverse cellular functions including cell survival, proliferation, metabolism and migration. Class I PI3Ks generate two distinct 3-phosphoinositide lipid messengers, PI(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) and PI(3,4)P2, that recruit signaling effectors such as pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing proteins. Historically, the function of PI3K signaling has often been attributed to PIP3, with PI(3,4)P2 considered an inconsequential byproduct of PIP3 hydrolysis by SHIP phosphatases. However, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that PI(3,4)P2 directs a distinct branch of the PI3K pathway that regulates a variety of cellular processes with relevance to health and disease, such as B cell activation and autoantibody production, insulin sensitivity, neuronal dynamics, endocytosis and cell migration. Signaling through PI(3,4)P2 can be negatively regulated by inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatases (INPP4A and INPP4B), which selectively degrade PI(3,4)P2. A number of signaling proteins that specifically bind to PI(3,4)P2 have been characterized, including the tandem PH domain-containing proteins (TAPP1 and TAPP2) and lamellipodin/RAPH1. A number of PIP3-binding proteins also bind to PI(3,4)P2, such as the protein kinase Akt/PKB, the most studied effector of PI3K signaling. Here, we review the current progress in understanding the functions and mechanisms of action of the PI(3,4)P2-specific phosphatases and binding proteins. A summary of available data addressing the relative contribution of PI(3,4)P2 versus PIP3 in regulation of Akt is provided to highlight the potential independent role of PI(3,4)P2 in regulating some PIP3-binding proteins. In summary, PI(3,4)P2-specific phosphatases and binding proteins are now firmly established players in cell biology, and this "neglected" phosphoinositide needs to take its place as one of the central components of the PI3K signaling pathway.
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PMID:Phosphatidylinositol (3,4) bisphosphate-specific phosphatases and effector proteins: A distinct branch of PI3K signaling. 2602 80