Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in South America and the Caribbean basin. To clarify the genetic and phylogenetic relationship between an HTLV-1 strain isolated from a Brazilian woman with adult T cell leukemia and viral isolates from elsewhere in South America and from other geographic regions, selected regions of the gag, pol, env, and pX genes were amplified and directly sequenced. The overall sequence similarities between the Brazil-R-1 strain and the Japanese prototype ATK strain were 98.7% based on 1,295 nucleotides and 99.1% based on 429 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain Brazil-R-1 clustered with other Brazilian and South American HTLV-1 isolates and was more closely related to Caribbean isolates from Martinique and Guadeloupe than to virus strains from other geographic regions. These data suggest a common source of HTLV-1 infection in the Caribbean basin and South America.
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PMID:Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 from a Brazilian woman with adult T cell leukemia: comparison with virus strains from South America and the Caribbean basin. 785 18

In order to better understand the genomic diversity and molecular phylogeny of the human retroviruses, the plasmas from 250 Zairean patients collected in 1969 were tested for antibodies to human T-cell lymphoma and human immunodeficiency viruses (HTLV or HIV) using ELISA and confirmatory Western blots and for viral nucleic acids by reverse transcriptase-directed PCR (RT-PCR). Interestingly, none of the patients was confirmed positive for HIV, even though this region is now endemic for HIV-1. However, 74 (30%) and 3 (1%) of the samples were positive for antibodies to HTLV-I and II, respectively. Forty-four of 74 (59%) Western blot-positive Zairean samples were RT-PCR positive for HTLV-I, while 1 of 3 (33%) of HTLV-II-seropositive samples was RT-PCR positive. On the contrary, none of the Western blot-negative or indeterminate samples were RT-PCR positive for either HTLV-I or HTLV-II. We have cloned and sequenced 140 bp of the pol gene flanked by SK110/SK111 from 8 HTLV-I- and 1 HTLV-II-positive archival samples from Zaire. The HTLV-I isolates from Zaire cluster together as a phylogenetic group, diverging from the prototype Japanese HTLV-I (ATK) by a range of 1.4 to 3.6%. Their close homology to some African STLV-I isolates suggests relatively recent interspecies transmission. The Zairean HTLV-II isolate is closely grouped with the HTLV-II substrain of isolates found in Paleo-Amerindians of the New World, making it unlikely that it represents an endemic African strain.
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PMID:Serological and nucleic acid analyses for HIV and HTLV infection on archival human plasma samples from Zaire. 791 21

A study of simian T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus infection, conducted on 747 nonhuman primates belonging to 14 different species in Central and Western Africa, indicated that 4 species (Cercopithecus aethiops, Erythrocebus patas, Papio doguera, and Cercopithecus mona pogonias) had a high prevalence of seropositivity to simian T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type I (STLV-I). The other nonhuman primate species, however, had negative or low levels of anti-HTLV-I antibodies. STLV-I pol and env DNA was detected in 12 of 12 different animals among the seropositive species. However, STLV-I pX DNA could be detected in only 10 of 12 animals. Comparative phylogenetic analyses based on 140 bp sequence of the pol gene indicate that these STLV-I isolates were 0-9% divergent from each other and were 3.5-7% divergent from the prototype related human retrovirus HTLV-I (ATK). The West African STLV-I isolates formed a unique phylogenetic cluster as did most of the Central African STLV-I isolates, save for STLV-I (Tan 90). The phylogenetic data indicate that cross species transmission of HTLV-I and STLV-I continued to occur long after their ancestral strain separated from the progenitor to HTLV-II. Comparative amino acid analyses indicated that there was marked conservation of the TAX protein regardless of host species, while the pol and REX proteins exhibited increasing levels of diversity.
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PMID:Seroepidemiologic, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses of simian T-cell leukemia viruses (STLV-I) from various naturally infected monkey species from central and western Africa. 825 65

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infection in India has been found to be associated with adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) among life-long residents of southern India. To examine the heterogeneity of HTLV-I strains from southern India and to determine their relationship with the sequence variants of HTLV-I from Melanesia, 1149 nucleotides spanning selected regions of the HTLV-I gag, pol, env and pX genes were amplified and directly sequenced from DNA extracted from whole blood blotted onto filter paper and from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, obtained from one patient with HAM/TSP, two with ATLL and eight asymptomatic carriers from Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Sequence alignments and comparisons indicated that the 11 HTLV-I strains from southern India were 99.2% to 100% identical among themselves and 98.7% to 100% identical to the Japanese prototype HTLV-I ATK. The majority of base substitutions were transitions and silent. No frameshifts, insertions, deletions or possibly disease-specific base changes were found in the regions sequenced. The observed clustering of the Indian HTLV-I strains with those from Japan, as determined by the maximum parsimony method, suggested a common source of HTLV-I infection with subsequent parallel evolution. Amplification of DNA from blood specimens collected on filter paper may be useful for the study of other blood-borne pathogens.
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PMID:Sequence analysis of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I strains from southern India: gene amplification and direct sequencing from whole blood blotted onto filter paper. 827 90

To determine the interstrain genomic diversity and molecular phylogeny of the recently identified variants of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in Melanesia, we enzymatically amplified, then directly sequenced representative regions of the gag, pol, and env genes of HTLV-I strains from 10 members of four families, including one family from Papua New Guinea and three families from the Solomon Islands. When aligned and compared to a Japanese strain of HTLV-I (ATK), the Melanesian HTLV-I strains differed by 7.6 to 8.7% in the gag, 7.1 to 9.3% in the pol, and 7.3 to 8.2% in the env gene regions. Based on 931 nucleotides, the overall sequence divergence of the 10 Melanesian HTLV-I strains from HTLV-I ATK was 7.3 to 8.1% (68 to 75 base substitutions). The intrafamilial genetic heterogeneity among these virus strains was nil to 0.2%, while the interfamilial sequence variation between HTLV-I strains from the Solomon Islands and those from Papua New Guinea was 3.4 to 4.2%, and the genetic heterogeneity among virus strains from the three Solomon Islands families was 0.2 to 0.9%. Using the maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining methods, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the HTLV-I strains from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands formed a monophyletic group and that the Melanesian and cosmopolitan strains of HTLV-I have evolved along two major geographically dependent lineages.
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PMID:Interfamilial and intrafamilial genomic diversity and molecular phylogeny of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I from Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. 837 32

Simian T-cell leukemia virus (STLV-I) is an oncovirus highly related to human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). To further examine the extent of variability, dissemination patterns, phylogeny, and evolution of these viruses, we analyzed a new STLV-I variant from a naturally infected Cercopithecus aethiops var. tantalus from the Central African Republic. Sequence analyses of its LTR, gag, pol, env, and pX (OrfII) genes indicated that this isolate, STLV-I (Tan 90), is 6% divergent from the prototype HTLV-I (ATK) and is the most divergent African STLV-I characterized to date. Our phylogenetic data indicate that southeast Asian and African STLV-I and HTLV-I strains segregated from each other thousands of years ago and that Japanese HTLV-I strains represent a relatively recent introduction of African or New World isolates. The data also indicate that interspecies transmission occurred several times on different continents over prolonged periods of time.
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PMID:Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a new STLV-I from a naturally infected tantalus monkey from Central Africa. 839 Jul 57

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) has been associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and the chronic neurologic disorder tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). To study the genetic structure of the virus associated with TSP/HAM, we have obtained and sequenced a partial genomic clone from an HTLV-I-positive cell line established from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a Jamaican patient with TSP/HAM. This clone consisted of a 4.3-kb viral sequence containing the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR), gag, and N-terminal portion of the pol gene, with an overall 1.3% sequence variation resulting from mostly nucleotide substitutions, as compared to the prototype HTLV-I ATK-1. The gag and pol regions showed only 1.4% and 1.2% nucleotide variations, respectively. However, the U3 region of the LTR showed the highest sequence variation (3.6%), where several changes appear to be common among certain TSP/HAM isolates. Several of these changes reside within the 21-bp boundaries and the Tax-responsive element. It would be important to determine if the observed changes are sufficient to cause neurologic disorders similar to the murine leukemia virus system or simply reflect the divergent pool of HTLV-I from different geographic locations. At this time, we cannot rule out the possibility that the observed changes have either direct or indirect significance for the HTLV-I pathogenesis in TSP/HAM.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence analysis of HTLV-I isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with TSP/HAM: comparison to other HTLV-I isolates. 845 77

Transcriptional regulation by estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) involves protein-protein interactions among the receptor, its associated coactivators and the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery. We have used an in vitro chromatin assembly and transcription system to examine the biochemistry of interactions among ERalpha, the SRC proteins and p300/CBP. Using polypeptides designed to block specific receptor- cofactor or cofactor-cofactor interactions, we show that interactions among ERalpha, its coactivators and the RNA pol II machinery are all required for ERalpha- mediated transcription. Furthermore, we show that ERalpha-SRC-p300/CBP interactions are necessary and sufficient for the targeted acetylation of nucleosomal histones on estrogen-responsive promoters in the absence of transcription. The protein-protein interactions required for histone acetylation constitute a subset of the interactions required for transcriptional activation. Finally, we show that the major role of SRC-p300/CBP interactions is to enhance ERalpha- mediated transcription initiation, and they have little or no role in stimulating subsequent rounds of transcription. Together, our results indicate a specific role for the SRC and p300/CBP coactivators, as well as targeted histone acetylation, in ERalpha-mediated transcription.
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PMID:A role for coactivators and histone acetylation in estrogen receptor alpha-mediated transcription initiation. 1168 48

Infection with Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus type I (HTLV-I) have been associated with the development of the HTLV-I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Phylogenetic analyses of HTLV-I isolates have revealed that HTLV-I can be classified into three major groups: the Cosmopolitan, Central African and Melanesian. In the present study, we analyzed the tax, 5' ltr, gag, pol, and env sequences of proviruses of PBMC from ten HAM/TSP patients to investigate the phylogenetic characterization of HTLV-I in Chilean patients. HTLV-I provirus in PBMC from ten Chilean patients with HAM/TSP were amplified by PCR using primers of tax, 5' ltr, gag, pol, and env genes. Amplified products of the five genes were purified and nucleotide sequence was determined by the dideoxy termination procedure. DNA sequences were aligned with the CLUSTAL W program. The results of this study showed that the tax, 5' ltr, gag, pol, and env gene of the Chilean HTLV-I strains had a nucleotide homology ranged from 98.1 to 100%, 95 to 97%, 98.9 to 100%, 94 to 98%, and 94.2 to 98.5% respect to ATK-1 clone, respectively. According to molecular phylogeny with 5' ltr gene, the Chilean HTLV-I strains were grouped with each other suggesting one cluster included in Transcontinental subgroup.
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PMID:Genetic characterization and phylogeny of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I from Chile. 1190 Aug 46

We report a case of HIV-1 infection transmission caused by a fist fight between brothers. A 30-year-old Caucasian UK resident man developed 'flu-like illness with symptoms of lethargy and weakness. Persistent lymphadenopathy six months later lead to HIV antibody testing, which was positive. Of note, his 37-year-old brother, who was HIV antibody-positive since August 2000, was taking HAART (combivir and nevaripine) with CD4 350 x 106/L (16%) with viral load 4800 copies/mL (log 2.58). A bloody fight had occurred between them four weeks prior to onset of symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis was undertaken. Analysis of the pol gene region indicated that samples from both brothers belonged to the subtype C clade of HIV-1, and that the sequences were closely related to one another. Exposure risk data are extremely useful in helping counsel patients prior to HIV-testing but, as this case illustrates, does not cover all situations.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Feb
PMID:Transmission of HIV-1 infection due to a fist fight. 1833 72


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