Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen and of 30% nitrous oxide and 70% oxygen were evaluated in 88 patients with significant pain while in the prehospital setting. Under the telemetry physicians' supervision, EMT-Ps directed patients in the technique of self-administration of the analgesic gas. Fifty percent (36/72) reported complete or almost complete amelioration of pain; all but 15% (11/72) reported some degree of relief. No patients experienced clinically deleterious side effects, although 48% (41/85) reported side effects, of which 90% were mild. The analgesic properties, lack of complications, quick onset and short duration of action, and acceptance by patients, physicians, and paramedics make N2O a nearly ideal analgesic agent for advanced life support use in the prehospital relief of significant pain.
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PMID:Prehospital administration of nitrous oxide for control of pain. 722 73

Because of the considerable variability in the oxygen dissociation curves for chickens reported in the literature, the respiratory physiologist studying avian gas exchange is faced with the dilemma of which curve is representative for the chicken. In order to arrive at a representative curve, data from eight reported curves were compiled and adjusted to the same set of standard conditions of temperature (T), pH, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2): T = 42 C, pH = 7.5 PCO2 = 40 torr. The mean PO2 STD (mean +/- SD) versus percent saturation of hemoglobin curve was then determined. The mean data were fitted to an equation representing the oxygen dissociation curve so that for any selected partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) the percent saturation (%SAT) of oxyhemoglobin may be computed. The P50 values for the mean literature and equation curves, respectively, were 47.4 +/- 9.8 and 45.3 Torr. The mean curve with its standard deviations provides a chicken oxygen dissociation curve representative of the literature data to which experimental data may be compared. The equation for the curve enables rapid referral to the representative curve to compute the %SAT, given the PO2 adjusted to the standard conditions.
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PMID:Representative oxygen dissociation curve and equation for the chicken. 723 68

Sweat regulation in two male subjects, one an athlete in training, was examined over a range of exercise intensities and environmental temperatures. The results after artificial heat acclimatization in the nonathlete showed that sweating rate over 1 h of maximal exercise increased to the same level as the athlete, but his evaporative sweat loss remained significantly (15%) lower. Rectal temperature (Tre) was reduced for a given oxygen intake (VO2) and relative work load (%VO2 max), but the difference in Tre/%VO2 max between the subjects was not significant. At different mean skin temperatures (Tsk), relative sweat rate (%msw, max), for a given Tre was unaffected and the relationship of %mSW, max with Tre was the same in both subjects. Lowering the relative work load (and thus Tre) displaced the Tre/%msw, max relationship to the right, and regression lines for different %VO2 max were parallel. The multiple regression equation %msw, max = -1,531 +/- 36.67 Tre (degrees C) + 6.08 Tsk (degrees C) (r = +0.92), related the parameters and was independent of the subject's fitness and state of acclimatization providing %msw, max was expressed in terms of the appropriate msw, max at the time of measurement.
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PMID:Effect of acclimatization to heat on the regulation of sweating during moderate and severe exercise. 726 55

Six young healthy male subjects were studied to evaluate the use of whole body surface cooling (WBSC) as an antiorthostatic intervention. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated the perfusion of an Apollo cooling garment with 16 degrees C water produced a significant increase in stroke volume and decrease in heart rate at rest and during lower body negative pressure (LBNP). However, optimal perfusion temperatures have not been determined. The present study examined the effects of WBSC using perfusion of water at a temperature of 10 degrees C. This perfusion temperature produced a greater decrease in mean skin temperature (Tsk) than water at 16 degrees C, -4 degrees C drop compared to -2 degrees C respectively. The hemodynamic effects were also more prominent with 10 degrees C water as shown by the increase in stroke volume of 11% at rest and of 35% during LBNP at -50 torr compared to control measurements at ambient temperature. Heart rates were lowered significantly (8 beats/min) and systolic arterial blood pressure was higher (8 torr). Cooling with 10 degrees C water produced a slight increase in muscle tone, reflected by a small but significant increase (+84 ml/min) in oxygen uptake. These data suggest that WBSC is an effective nonpharmacologic means of controlling preload and deserves further investigation as an antiorthostatic intervention.
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PMID:Hemodynamic changes during whole body surface cooling and lower body negative pressure. 727 68

Electrophysiological stages of sleep, oxygen consumption (VO2), and skin (Tsk) and rectal (Tre) temperatures were recorded from six virtually naked male subjects exposed to ambient temperatures (Ta) of 21, 24, 29, 34, and 37 degrees C. VO2 increased during sleep as a whole as Ta departed from thermoneutrality (29 degrees C) and was significantly greater during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep than during adjacent nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) periods at low and high Ta but not at 29 degrees C. Tsk showed small but significant increases during REM sleep at 29, 34, and 37 degrees C, but Tre did not change during REM sleep at any Ta. Shivering was present during wakefulness at 21 and 24 degrees C but occurred only occasionally during stages 1 and 2 sleep at 21 degrees C. The increases in VO2 and the absence of marked changes in vasomotor tone during REM sleep in the cold were unexpected and possibly indicate that REM sleep is not as thermally disruptive in humans as in other mammals.
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PMID:Metabolism and thermoregulation during stages of sleep in humans exposed to heat and cold. 729 39

A lengthened umbilical artery catheter incorporating an oxygen electrode (Searle) was flow-guided to the pulmonary artery in 48 out of 62 attempts (77.4%). In the last 70 catheters used, electrode performance was evaluated over a total of 3687 h by comparison with an ABL2 (Radiometer) blood-gas analyser; 654 comparisons were made, of which 255 resulted in recalibration of the electrode output. When sampling intervals were within 6 h, in more than 80% of the comparisons the difference between in vivo and in vitro measurement was within +/- 0.4 kPa (+/- 3 mm Hg). Twenty-four electrodes were removed sooner than clinically indicated (mean useful life 48.5 h) because of failure of oxygen or pressure measurements.
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PMID:Intravascular mixed venous oxygen tension monitoring. An analysis of electrode performance in 100 patients. 745 89

The purpose of this study was to compare the thermoregulatory responses during exercise in the morning rise (0900 h) and evening fall phases (2000 h) in circadian variation of body temperature. Five healthy volunteers performed bicycle exercises at 30% and 60% of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) at 26 degrees C with a relative humidity of 50%. Whole-body sweat rate (SR), rectal (Tre), mean skin (Tsk) and mean body (Tb) temperature, pulmonary ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured during the experimental period. SR during exercise at 30% VO2max was significantly higher at 2000 h than at 0900 h. However, the circadian variation of SR during exercise was not observed at 60% VO2max. At the two experimental times, there were also no significant differences in VO2, VCO2, VE and Tsk in both workloads. In HR, Tb and Tre circadian effects were demonstrated as well as in workload levels. As Tb was plotted against SR during exercise, positive correlations were observed. The data showed that there was a parallel shift in the SR to Tb relationship during exercise in the morning and evening. This rightward shift indicated that there was an increased Tb threshold for the onset of sweating in the evening. Resting Tb at 2000 h was significantly higher when compared with Tb at 0900 h. The present results suggest that the circadian influence on the thermoregulatory response to exercise may be evident only at low workloads.
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PMID:Thermoregulation of exercising men in the morning rise and evening fall phases of internal temperature. 755 56

The present study was designed to determine the relative importance of individual characteristics such as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), adiposity, DuBois body surface area (AD), surface to mass ratio (AD: mass) and body mass, for the individual's reaction to humid heat stress. For this purpose 27 subjects (19 men, 8 women), with heterogeneous characteristics (VO2max 1.86-5.28 1.min-1; fat% 8.0%-31.9%; mass 49.8-102.1 kg; AD 1.52-2.33 m2) first rested (30 min) and then exercised (60 W for 1 h) on a cycle ergometer in a warm humid climate (35 degrees C, 80% relative humidity). Their physiological responses at the end of exercise were analysed to assess their relationship with individual characteristics using a stepwise multiple regression technique. Dependent variables (with ranges) included final values of rectal temperature (Tre 37.5-39.0 degrees C), mean skin temperature (Tsk 35.7-37.5 degrees C), body heat storage (S 3.2-8.1 J.g-1), heart rate (HR 100-172 beat.min-1), sweat loss (397-1403 g), mean arterial blood pressure (BPa, 68-96 mmHg), forearm blood flow (FBF, 10.1-33.9 ml.100ml-1.min-1) and forearm vascular conductance (FVC = FBF/BPa, 0.11-0.49 ml.100ml-1.min-1.mmHg-1). The Tre, Tsk and S were (34%-65%) determined in the main by VO2max or by exercise intensity expressed as a percentage of VO2max (% VO2max). For Tre, AD: mass ratio also contributed to the variance explained, with about half the effect of VO2max. For Tsk, fat% contributed to the variance explained with about two-third the effect of VO2max. Total body sweat loss was highly dependent (50%) on body size (AD or mass) with regular activity level having a quarter of the effect of body size on sweat loss. The HR, similar to Tre, was determined by VO2max (48%-51%), with less than half the effect of AD or AD:mass (20%). Other circulatory parameters (FBF, BPa, FVC) showed little relationship with individual characteristics (< 36% of variance explained). In general, the higher the VO2max and/or the bigger the subject, the lower the heat strain observed. The widely accepted concept, that body core temperature is determined by exercise intensity expressed as % VO2max and sweat loss by absolute heat load, was only partially supported by the results. For both variables, other individual characteristics were also shown to contribute.
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PMID:The relative influence of body characteristics on humid heat stress response. 760 4

The present investigation introduces a thermal perception scale (TS) for use during protracted resting cold exposure. The scale contains categories ranging consecutively from 0, i.e., Nothing at all, to 10, i.e., Very, very cold. Eight Caucasian men were randomly exposed to ambient air in a climatically controlled environmental chamber of 8 degrees, 12 degrees, and 27 degrees C for 120 min. on 3 separate occasions and monitored for rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk), ventilation (VE), and oxygen consumption (VO2). The terminal perceptual categories were anchored for 8 subjects and a standard set of instructions was presented prior to each trial. The anchor temperature was the room air in the anteroom which was 27 degrees C, representing 0, i.e., "Nothing at all," to extend the scale so that subsequent judgments on the scale were expressed in relation to this category. In addition, the subjects were also asked to imagine the coldest that they have ever experienced and this was designed to anchor "Very, very cold." The relations between scale scores and the thermoregulatory variables were examined with a simple linear regression and coefficients of correlation and determination for each subject. High coefficients of determination between Tsk, VO2, and VE indicated that, for individual subjects, the scores on the scale were related to VE, Tsk, and VO2. High reliability coefficients for TS were also reported. In addition, the ratings and VO2 relation tended to be similar between subjects. Therefore, this scale appears to be a valid and reliable tool for measuring the perception of cold when at rest in air.
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PMID:A thermal perception scale for use during resting exposure to cold air. 780 95

Philadelphia (Ph)-positive leukemias invariably contain a chromosomal translocation fusing BCR to ABL. The BCR-ABL protein is responsible for leukemogenesis. Here we show that exposure of bcr-null mutant mice to gram-negative endotoxin led to severe septic shock and increased tissue injury by neutrophils. Neutrophils of bcr (-/-) mice showed a pronounced increase in reactive oxygen metabolite production upon activation and were more sensitive to priming stimuli. Activated (-/-) neutrophils displayed a 3-fold increased p21rac2 membrane translocation compared with (+/+) neutrophils. These results connect Bcr in vivo with the regulation of Rac-mediated superoxide production by the NADPH-oxidase system of leukocytes and suggest a link between Bcr function and the cell type affected in Ph-positive leukemia.
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PMID:Increased neutrophil respiratory burst in bcr-null mutants. 788 65


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