Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A solid phase extraction procedure based on biosorption of copper(II), lead(II), zinc(II), iron(III), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) ions on Aspergillus fumigatus immobilized Diaion HP-2MG has been investigated. The analytical conditions including amounts of A. fumigatus, eluent type, flow rates of sample and eluent solutions were examined. Good recoveries were obtained to the spiked natural waters. The influences of the concomitant ions on the retentions of the analytes were also examined. The detection limits (3sigma, N=11) were 0.30mugl(-1) for copper, 0.32mugl(-1) for iron, 0.41mugl(-1) for zinc, 0.52mugl(-1) for lead, 0.59mugl(-1) for nickel and 0.72mugl(-1) for cobalt. The relative standard deviations of the procedure were below 7%. The validation of the presented procedure is performed by the analysis of three standard reference materials (NRCC-SLRS 4 Riverine Water, SRM 1515 Apple leaves and GBW 07605 Tea). The procedure was successfully applied for the determination of analyte ions in natural waters microwave digested samples including street dust, tomato paste, black tea, etc.
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PMID:Biosorption of heavy metals on Aspergillus fumigatus immobilized Diaion HP-2MG resin for their atomic absorption spectrometric determinations. 1897 Aug 90

Trace element levels in nine different dried fruit samples from Kayseri, Turkey were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after dry and wet digestion methods. Good accuracy was assured by the analysis of standard reference material (NIST-SRM 1515-Apple Leaves). The contents of trace elements in the samples were determined in the ranges of 1.68-4.52, 0.6-9.4, 5.5-12.4, 6.76-64.1, 4.74-25.5, 0.2-1.78, 0.8-6.17 and 0.1-0.81 microg/g for copper, nickel, lead, iron, manganese, cobalt, chromium and cadmium, respectively. The highest copper content was 4.52 microg/g in black grape, highest nickel content was 9.4 microg/g in black plum, highest lead content was 12.4 microg/g in apricot, highest iron content was 64.1 microg/g in apricot, highest manganese content was 25.5 microg/g in rose hip, highest cobalt content was 1.81 microg/g in white mulberry, highest chromium content was 6.17 microg/g in yellow plum and highest cadmium content was 0.8 microg/g in apricot and rose hip. The results were compared with the literature values.
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PMID:Trace element levels in some dried fruit samples from Turkey. 1899 Nov 3

An analytical technique utilizing a near-field effect (to enhance the incident light energy on the thin tip of an Ag needle) in a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (NF-LA-ICP-MS) procedure was developed. To produce the thin needles with a tip diameter in the hundreds of nm range a robust needle etching procedure was established. The 'sample-to-tip' distance was controlled via the measurement of a tunnel current between the needle and sample surface. The NF-LA-ICP-MS technique thus developed was applied for the analysis of copper isotopic standard reference material NIST SRM 976 and tungsten-molybdenum alloy NIST SRM 480 in the nm resolution range. The observed craters ranged from 200 nm to about 2 microm in diameter and were dependent on the needle used as well as on the 'sample-to-tip' distance. The mass spectrometric measurements of (63)Cu(+) ion intensity on NIST SRM 976 showed that using near-field enhancement in laser ablation allowed a roughly 6-fold increase in the ion intensity of the analyte when the needle was about 100 nm (and below) from the surface, in contrast to when it was far away (e.g. 10 microm) from the sample. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the (65)Cu(+)/(63)Cu(+) isotopic ratio measurements by NF-LA-ICP-MS was 3.9% (n = 9). The detection efficiencies obtained for the compared LA-ICP-MS and NF-LA-ICP-MS methods were found to be 4.6 x 10(-3) counts per second (cps)/ablated atom and 2.7 x 10(-5) cps/ablated atom, respectively.
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PMID:Near-field laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a novel elemental analytical technique at the nanometer scale. 1905 Dec 33

A multi-element preconcentration-separation technique for heavy metal ions in environmental samples has been established. The procedure is based on coprecipitation of gold(III), bismuth(III), cobalt(II), chromium(III), iron(III), manganese(II), nickel(II), lead(II), thorium(IV) and uranium(VI) ions by the aid of Cu(II)-9-phenyl-3-fluorone precipitate. The Cu(II)-9-phenyl-3-fluorone precipitate was dissolved by the addition 1.0 mL of concentrated HNO(3) and then the solution was completed to 5 mL with distilled water. Iron, lead, cobalt, chromium, manganese and nickel levels in the final solution were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometer, while gold, bismuth, uranium and thorium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The optimal conditions are pH 7, amounts of 9-phenyl-3-fluorone: 5mg and amounts of Cu(II): 1mg. The effects of concomitant ions as matrix were also examined. The preconcentration factor was 30. Gold(III), bismuth(III), chromium(III), iron(III), lead(II) and thorium(IV) were quantitatively recovered from the real samples. The detection limits for the analyte elements based on 3 sigma (n=15) were in the range of 0.05-12.9 microg L(-1). The validation of the presented procedure was checked by the analysis of two certified reference materials (Montana I Soil (NIST-SRM 2710) and Lake Sediment (IAEA-SL-1)). The procedure was successfully applied to some environmental samples including water and sediments.
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PMID:A novel multi-element coprecipitation technique for separation and enrichment of metal ions in environmental samples. 1907 60

A method of ultrasound-assisted digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) used for the determination of trace element (chromium, copper, lead, nickel, vanadium and zinc) concentrations in fly ash samples was developed. All the measurements were performed in robust plasma conditions. Ultrasound-assisted digestion procedures using digestion solutions of aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid (HF) resulted in recovery rates of over 80% for all the analyte elements. Ultrasound-assisted two-step digestion with digestion solutions of 6mL of HNO(3) (Step 1) and 3mL of HNO(3)+3mL of HF (Step 2) resulted in recovery rates of over 92% for all the analyte elements with one exception, chromium, which had a recovery of about 85%. The analysis of SRM 1633b showed that the two-step ultrasound-assisted digestion method developed resulted in chromium, copper, nickel and zinc concentrations higher than the microwave digestion method standardized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA method 3052). This is the very first time when a digestion method using ultrasound resulted in higher efficiency than microwave (USEPA method 3052) for chromium and nickel in very hard to dissolve samples. The major advantages of the ultrasound-assisted digestion over microwave digestion is the high treatment rate (about 30 samples simultaneously with a sonication time of 18min) and the possibility to use new sample vessels without a significant increase in costs.
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PMID:The determination of trace element concentrations in fly ash samples using ultrasound-assisted digestion followed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. 1934 5

The copper intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is strongly associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Hormonal influences may play a role in the control of vaginal flora. It is unclear whether use of the progesterone-incorporated intrauterine system (IUS; Mirena) is associated with abnormal vaginal flora or genital symptoms. One hundred and seventy-two women were assessed for symptoms and abnormal vaginal flora prior to and at intervals after insertion of either a copper IUCD or an IUS. Women were significantly more likely to have developed an abnormal vaginal discharge 4-6 weeks after insertion of an IUCD compared with an IUS (27% cf. 14%, P = 0.04), although this trend was not significant six months postinsertion. More women with an IUCD developed BV compared with an IUS at 4-6 weeks and six months. However, there were insufficient numbers of women with BV to demonstrate any significant difference between the vaginal flora of the two groups.
Int J STD AIDS 2009 Jun
PMID:Do users of the intrauterine system (Mirena) have different genital symptoms and vaginal flora than users of the intrauterine contraceptive device? 1945 30

Cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) is a ubiquitous glycoprotein, whose physiological role is poorly characterized. It has been suggested that PrP(c) participates in neuritogenesis, neuroprotection, copper metabolism, and signal transduction. In this study we detailed the intracellular events induced by PrP(c) antibody-mediated cross-linking in PC12 cells. We found a Fyn-dependent activation of the Ras-Raf pathway, which leads to a rapid and transient phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases. In addition, this activation cascade relies on the engagement of integrins, and involves focal adhesion kinase activation. We demonstrated the tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 as a consequence of PrP(c) stimulation, and showed that phosphocaveolin-1 scaffolds and coordinates protein complexes involved in PrP(c)-dependent signaling. Moreover, we found that caveolin-1 phosphorylation, is a mechanism for recruiting the C-terminal Src kinase and inactivating Fyn, so as to terminate cell signaling. Furthermore our data support a significant role for PrP(c) as a response mediator in neuritogenesis and cell differentiation.
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PMID:PrPc activation induces neurite outgrowth and differentiation in PC12 cells: role for caveolin-1 in the signal transduction pathway. 1945 27

Excess copper is toxic to life. Copper has been shown to induce apoptosis in various cell lines and tissues. However, due to the lack of appropriate gene knockout animal models, data concerning the underlying pathways of copper-induced apoptosis are insufficient, especially with regards to in vivo systems. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a good model to study basic biological processes, including stress responses and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated copper-induced germline apoptosis in the C. elegans strains carrying mutated alleles of homologs to known mammalian genes that are involved in apoptosis regulation. We show here that exposing C. elegans to copper causes dose- and time-dependent germline apoptosis. The knockout of checkpoint genes hus-1, clk-2, the Bcl-2 homolog ced-9, and the BH3-only domain egl-1 did not prevent cells of the germline from copper-induced apoptosis. The loss-of-function of the tumor suppressor gene, p53/cep-1, caused a significant increase in germline apoptosis with exposure to copper, and the depletion of p53 antagonist ABL1 significantly enhanced apoptosis. The knockout of the caspase gene ced-3 and the Apaf-1 homolog ced-4 abrogated both copper-induced and physiological germline apoptosis. Germline apoptosis stopped increase in the strains lin-45(ku51), mek-2(n1989), mpk-1(ku1) under copper stresses, respectively. Copper-induced apoptosis was blocked in the loss-of-function alleles of both JNK and p38 MAPK cascades excepting pmk-3, one of the three p38 MAPK components. Together, the results of this study suggest that caspase and Apaf-1 are required for copper-induced germline apoptosis while DNA damage response genes are not essential, and that the Raf-MEK-ERK, ASK1/2-MKK7-JNK, ASK1/2-MKK3/6-p38 signaling pathways are indispensable in mediating this apoptotic response.
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PMID:Copper-induced germline apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans: the independent roles of DNA damage response signaling and the dependent roles of MAPK cascades. 1949 12

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) system was optimized to simultaneously determine polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soil samples by gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. PLE parameters (temperature, pressure, static time, and flush volume) and packing materials (activated copper and sorbents such as: Florisil, silica gel, and a combination of Florisil and silica gel) were studied to achieve a one-step extraction and cleanup that could be analytically rapid and reliable. Method detection limit was found to be in the range of 0.1-0.4 mg/kg for PCBs and 0.1-0.6 mg/kg for PBDEs with a relative standard deviation of 1.7-7.3% for PCBs and 2.6-6.3% for PBDEs. A standard reference material for PCBs, NIST-SRM 1939a, spiked with PBDEs standard, was analyzed to substantiate the validity of the optimized method. Experimental values agreed well with the certified values with recoveries of 71.6-117%, and the optimized PLE system has been proven to be useful for the simultaneous determination of PCBs and PBDEs with various congeners in soil samples.
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PMID:Pressurized liquid extraction for the simultaneous analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers from soil by GC-TOF-MS detection. 1977 45

In this work, a new cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure was developed for the separation and preconcentration of lead(II), cobalt(II), and copper(II) in various water and food samples. Complexes of metal ions with 1-Phenylthiosemicarbazide (1-PTSC) were extracted into the surfactant-rich phase of octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114) from samples. After phase separation, the enriched analytes were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Factors affecting cloud point extraction, such as pH, reagent and surfactant concentrations, temperature, and incubation time were evaluated and optimized. The interference effect of some cations and anions was also studied. After optimization of the CPE conditions, the preconcentration factor of 25 and the limits of detection (L.O.D.) obtained for lead(II), cobalt(II), and copper(II) based on three sigma (n=20) were 3.42, 1.00, and 0.67 microg L(-1), respectively. The method presented precision (R.S.D.) between 1.7% and 4.8% (n=7). The presented preconcentration procedure was applied to the determination of metal ions in reference standard materials (SRM 1515 Apple leaves and GBW 07605 Tea) and some real samples including tap water, spring water, sea water, canned fish, black tea, green tea, tomato sauce and honey.
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PMID:A novel preconcentration procedure using cloud point extraction for determination of lead, cobalt and copper in water and food samples using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. 2022 23


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