Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two aspects of the so-called microglia were studied by silver impregnation and 3H-TdR ARG in light and electron microscopy. (1) So-called microglioblasts are glioblasts differentiated from matrix cells. They are progenitors of the so-called resting microglia as well as of astrocytes and oligodendroglia. (2) Brain macrophages in stab wounds, experimental Japanese encephalitis and retrograde degeneration of the facial nucleus are all found to be of hematogenous origin. Infiltrating hematogenous cells cannot stay permanently in the brain parenchyma unless pathological alterations persist indefinitely.
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PMID:Origin of brain macrophages and the nature of the so-called microglia. 16 22

The limitation of an AC technique for the amplification and display of the indirectly recorded human corneofundal potential (CFP)is discussed. A Mingograph M34 with EMT 12 B preamplifiers (Siemens) has been tested with regard to a DC recording of the CFP. With the same purpose the electrical characteristics of two electrode types--a Kaiser lead alloy electrode and a Beckman silver-silver chloride cupped electrode--were examined and a suitable preparation of the skin contact area indicated. Finally the base line stability was evaluated and a comparative study of AC and DC recordings of the CFP presented and subjected to statistical anaylsis.
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PMID:DC recording of the human corneofundal potential. 107 63

In the US and northern Europe, the prevalence of pregnant syphilitic women is estimated at .1-.6%, while in South Africa it was 7.6% in 1982. In 1978, there 108 cases in the US which increased to 268 reported cases in 1985. The increase of congenital syphilis (CS) by 25% from 1985 to 1988 was attributed to the spread of crack cocaine in the US. The rate was 10.5 cases/100,000 live births in the US during this period, a 21% increase. In contrast, in the Netherlands there were 2.5 cases/100,000 live births during 1982-85. Clinical symptoms appear 3 weeks after birth, but some are present at birth such as hepatosplenomegaly, bloated abdomen, cutaneous lesions, and nasal discharge turning into purulent rhinitis. Anemia occurs in 90% of children with CS. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly with hepatomegaly, and syphilitic hepatitis may also occur. Syphilitic skeletal abnormalities include osteochondritis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, and osteitis. Meningovascular syphilis produces nervous system effects. CS complications include nephrotic syndrome and acute glomerulonephritis. Ocular abnormalities are caused by treponemes found in the cornea, sclera, uvea, retina and the optic nerve. Chorioretinitis and iridocyclitis are common ocular lesions. The pathogen Treponema pallidum can be diagnosed by dark field microscopy, by immunofluorescence, or by histopathological examination of silver-stained preparations. Pregnancy women with syphilis are treated with penicillin although failures have been reported after single or 2 or 3 in administrations of 2.4 MU benzathine penicillin and after giving tetracycline in 3rd trimester pregnancy. The CDC recommendation for treating infants with CS is iv 50,000 U/kg penicillin G every 8-12 hours for 10-14 days or im 50,000 U procaine penicillin once daily for 10-14 days. Single administration of 50,000 U/kg benzathine penicillin is recommended for newborn children whose mothers have been treated with erythromycin.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Congenital syphilis. 161 61

The technique of laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry has been combined with isotope dilution analysis to determine iodine in oyster tissue. The long-lived radioisotope, 129I, was used to spike the samples. Samples were equilibrated with the 129I, wet ashed under controlled conditions, and iodine separated by coprecipitation with silver chloride. The analyte was dried as silver ammonium iodide upon a tantalum filament from which iodine was thermally desorbed in the resonance ionization mass spectrometry instrument. A single-color, two-photon resonant plus one-photon ionization scheme was used to form positive iodine ions. Long-lived iodine signals were achieved from 100 ng of iodine. The precision of 127I/129I measurement has been evaluated by replicate determinations of the spike, the spike calibration samples, and the oyster tissue samples and was 1.0%. Measurement precision among samples was 1.9% for the spike calibration and 1.4% for the oyster tissue. The concentration of iodine determined in SRM 1566a, Oyster Tissue, was 4.44 micrograms/g with an estimate of the overall uncertainty for the analysis of +/- 0.12 microgram/g.
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PMID:Determination of iodine in oyster tissue by isotope dilution laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry. 217 92

This is the first study of micro-autoradiography (micro-ARG) for [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose [( 18F]FDG). The localization of [18F]FDG was demonstrated in dendrites of neuron and also in the myelinated axon in mouse normal brain in vivo. The nucleolus was relatively free of label. The counted silver grain numbers in autoradiogram were linearly correlated to the 18F radioactivities in the specimen. The micro-ARG using positron emitting 18F is a very time-saving technique with 4 hours exposure compared with the conventional method using 3H- or 14C-labeled tracers.
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PMID:Localization of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose in mouse brain neurons with micro-autoradiography. 229 5

In the male rat kangaroo cell line PTK2, argon laser (514.5 nm) microirradiation of both nucleoli in interphase cells 30, 23, and 12 h before mitosis, and nucleoli in early prophase cells resulted in the formation of micronucleoli, i.e., several small nucleolus-like bodies, in daughter cells. The irradiated cells were stained with methylene blue, which indicated that the nucleolar RNA was destroyed by laser microirradiation. Feulgen staining was applied to the irradiated cells in combination with the measurements of an MPV-II model microphotometer. Irradiated nucleoli were negative for DNA-Feulgen stain, which indicated that nucleolar DNA was destroyed by laser irradiation, so the nucleolar organizer gene was destroyed. After the nucleoli had been irradiated, the cells were continuously incubated at 37 degrees C for 12 and/or 24 h, then fixed and stained with AgNO3. Most of the nucleoli irradiated silver-stained negative that demonstrated that when the nucleoli were irradiated, rDNA was destroyed and transcription stopped. However, some silver grains were found in the nucleoplasm, whereas the nucleoli were silver-stained negative. The results suggest that subsidiary nucleolar organizer loci might exist scattered throughout the genome.
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PMID:Study on mechanism of micronucleoli formation by laser microirradiation. 247 12

Uptake of [2-ring-14C]misonidazole and [3H]misonidazole with tritium in the side chain has been compared in 1-mm EMT-6/UW spheroids using liquid scintillation counting and autoradiography. The uptake of both labeled sensitizers as a function of incubation time was virtually identical. Uptake by the spheroids exceeded levels in the medium by 11/2 to 2 hr and was well modeled as a first-order binding process, with rate constants of 0.00324 hr-1 for 3H and 0.00388 hr-1 for 14C. The similar uptake of the two versions of this sensitizer labeled in different positions suggests that the metabolic actions which allow the drug to bind in hypoxic cells do not principally involve metabolites which separate the number 2 carbon of the imidazole ring from the side chain. The pattern of silver grains in autoradiographs was similar for both labeled sensitizers, with most labeled drug bound in an intermediate zone of cells between the necrotic center and the actively proliferating rim of the spheroids. The superior resolution possible with the tritiated compound showed that both nucleus and cytoplasm in viable looking cells were labeled while pycnotic cells were not labeled.
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PMID:Comparison of binding of [3H]misonidazole and [14C]misonidazole in multicell spheroids. 398 63

[14C]Bromomisonidazole was prepared by direct bromination of [ring-2] [14C]misonidazole in dioxane. The uptake and binding of the two labeled sensitizers were compared in vitro in 1-mm EMT-6 spheroids which contain a necrotic core. Using liquid scintillation counting it was shown that spheroids incubated with 50 microM [14C]bromomisonidazole concentrated drug above levels in the medium by 1 1/2 hr and achieved maximum concentration by 10 hr with no further increase at 23 hr. Spheroids incubated with 50 microM [14C]misonidazole may concentrate the sensitizer more slowly but ultimately reached the same fivefold increase over levels in the medium by 23 hr as was observed for bromomisonidazole. Autoradiographs prepared from spheroids after incubation with [14C]misonidazole or [14C]bromomisonidazole showed silver grains preferentially located over viable hypoxic cells in the inner half of the spheroid rim adjacent to the necrotic center, with lower grain density over nonviable necrotic areas and many fewer grains over oxic cells at the periphery of the spheroid. The results indicate that both severely and moderately hypoxic cells may preferentially bind [14C]bromomisondiazole. The data support the potential of radiolabeled bromomisonidazole for in vivo imaging pending additional studies of the metabolism of this agent.
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PMID:Further characterization of 4-bromomisonidazole as a potential detector of hypoxic cells. 398 71

Purified mouse submaxillary gland renin was labelled with iodine(125I) by the chloramine-T method and this 125I labelled renin was given to male ICR mice (6-7 wks. old), intravenously in a dose of 20 ng(2 microCi)/40 g body weight. At a specified time, the kidneys of these treated mice were excised, the radioactivity determined and the tissues immediately prepared for microscope and electron microscope autoradiography(micro-ARG and EM-ARG). Silver grains accumulated mainly at the apical site of the proximal convoluted tubules but were not identified in other areas of the nephron, including macula densa or in the arterial wall, glomeruli, and juxtaglomerular cells (micro-ARG). Silver grains were seen in the pinocytotic vesicles, vacuoles and lysosomal granules(EM-ARG). This is the first demonstration that exogenous renin is ultrafiltered through glomerular capillaries and is reabsorbed by pinocytosis in the one-third upper area of the proximal convoluted tubule.
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PMID:Distribution of exogenously administered renin in mouse kidney. 675 8

We recently reported that interleukin-3, Steel factor, and erythropoietin all induce the tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and its association with Grb2 in hemopoietic cell lines. We have now further characterized the proteins that become associated with Shc following stimulation with these cytokines and found that, in response to all three, the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of Shc binds to common 145- and 52-kDa proteins which also become tyrosine phosphorylated in response to these growth factors. The 145-kDa protein, which appears, from antiphosphotyrosine blots of two-dimensional O'Farrell gels, to exist in four different phosphorylation states following cytokine stimulation (with isoelectric points ranging from 7.2 to 7.8), does not appear to be immunologically related to the beta subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor, c-Kit, BCR, ABL, JAK1, JAK2, Sos1, eps15, or insulin receptor substrate 1 protein. Silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate gels indicate that the association of the 145-kDa protein with Shc occurs only after cytokine stimulation and that it can bind to the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of Shc in its non-tyrosine-phosphorylated state. The latter finding, in conjunction with the observations that p145 does not bind, in vitro, to the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of Shc, that it is not present in anti-Grb2 immunoprecipitates, and that a phosphopeptide which blocks the binding of Shc to the SH2 domain of Grb2 also blocks the binding of Shc to p145, suggests that p145 contains an SH2 domain and competes with Grb2 for the same tyrosine-phosphorylated site on Shc. This implicates p145 as a potential regulator of Ras activity and, perhaps, of other as yet unidentified functions of Shc.
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PMID:Multiple cytokines stimulate the binding of a common 145-kilodalton protein to Shc at the Grb2 recognition site of Shc. 752 59


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