Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to estimate treatment resistance of condylomas, standardized records of 230 males aged 17-80 years (mean 27) attending at an STD clinic were analysed retrospectively. Anal warts occurred in 38 (17%) men; in 19 (50%) intranal warts were extensive enough to require further referral to the Department of Surgery. Urinary meatal warts occurred in 30 men; 9 of them (30%) were referred to the Department of Urology. The remaining 202 (88%) men were treated in the STD clinic with simple surgery and/or home-treatment with 0.5% podophyllotoxin-ethanol twice a day for one or more 3 day sessions. After a follow-up of at least one year, 46 (23%) patients still had condylomas. However, 77 (49%) of the remaining 156 men were cured after a single therapeutic session, and after 1-4 sessions the cumulative cure rate was 77%.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Efficacy of chemical and/or surgical therapy against condylomata acuminata: a retrospective evaluation. 195 17

Effective curricula should influence knowledge levels of all students, including high-risk populations. In this study, a modified version of the National Adolescent Student Health Survey was administered to a group of 8th and 10th grade students (N=3803) exposed to a curriculum designed to improve AIDS and STD knowledge levels. The analysis examined the influence of gender, ethnicity, alcohol use, and sexual activity as they related to AIDS and STD knowledge. Demographic characteristics of the participating students include the majority being between 13-16 years in age, 52% female, 48% male, 62% white, and 35% black. 38% of females and 62% of males were sexually active. By ethnicity, 78% of the blacks and 54% of the whites were sexually active. 54% of the males and 38% of the females reported alcohol consumption during the past month. Alcohol consumption was higher among whites than nonwhites. By gender and ethnicity, 42% of the white females and 48% of the white males had consumed alcohol compared to 31% of the black females and 40% of the black males. 27% of the students had engaged in sexual activity and alcohol consumption-40% female, 64% white, 33% black and 3% of another ethnic group. Abstainers comprised 35% of the sample with 65% being female, 70% being white, 28% black, and 2% of another ethnicity. Findings indicated poor knowledge scores on STD items (mean=2.3 out of a possible 7.0) with no significant differences on group comparisons. The correct response rate for the AIDS knowledge test was 73%. Comparison of AIDs knowledge scores indicated significant differences based on gender, ethnicity, and behavior. Females scored higher than males, whites, scored higher than blacks, and abstainers from sexual activity and alcohol scored higher than their active counterparts. Results suggest current educational efforts are not equally effective; effort are most effective in white female abstainers and least effective in sexually active black males who are alcohol consumers. Future educational initiatives should be sensitive to group membership.
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PMID:A comparison of AIDS and STD knowledge between sexually active alcohol consumers and abstainers. 223 32

The authors studied the effect of previous cooking on the residual content of lipids and on the biological value of the fish protein concentrates (FPC) from Sardinella aurita. The extraction of lipids was done with ethanol at 95%. It was observed that previous cooking facilitates the extraction, decreasing the residual content of lipids at a level of 0.72% in the FPC submitted to previous cooking, and at a level of 1.05% in the FPC not submitted to previous cooking (P greater than 0.05). The aminogram indicated that threonine was the primary limiting amino acid in relation to the FAO reference protein. The biological test of the protein of FCP in 21 day-old weanling male rats of the Wistar strain, was studied through the food and protein efficiency ratio (FER and PER), apparent digestibility (Dap), and net protein utilization (NPU). The biological value obtained was between 46 and 44%, respectively, for the fish protein concentrate, with and without previous cooking (P greater than 0.005).
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PMID:[Influence of previous cooking on the biological value of sardine protein concentrates, obtained by extraction with ethanol]. 733 6

Twenty HIV positive and 68 HIV negative subjects were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and by the Alcohol and Drugs Frequency Schedule immediately prior to notification of their HIV serostatus and 6 months after serodiagnosis. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in levels of anxiety or depression at baseline or follow-up. There were borderline levels of pathological anxiety prior to notification of HIV serostatus in both groups. The drop to normal levels of anxiety which had occurred by follow-up was significant in the HIV positive group. About a third of subjects in both groups were regularly making use of alcohol and/or drugs, both at baseline and follow-up. Mean levels of weekly alcohol intake for both groups ranged from about 20 to 30 units per week. The drugs most commonly used (in any frequency) were nitrates ('poppers') and cannabis.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Long-term impact of HIV diagnosis on mood and substance use--St Stephen's cohort study. 794 53

Homogenization with a flat valve homogenizer in combination with high-speed blending was evaluated for the preparation of slurries suitable for the ETAAS determination of cadmium, copper and lead concentrations in six SRMs and in frozen cervine liver and kidney. Fresh tissue (approximately 2 g) or powdered SRM (approximately 0.1 g) was dispersed, at high speed, in 20 ml of ethanol-water (1 + 9 v/v) containing 0.25% m/m tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The resulting suspension was passed through a high-pressure flat valve homogenizer. Determinations performed on the resulting homogenate, provided estimates for Cd, Pb and Cu concentrations that were within 27, 23 and 18% of the certified values, respectively, for the six SRMs. In all instances, the experimental results did not differ significantly from the certified values. For frozen tissues there was good agreement between the concentrations as determined by slurry homogenization-ETAAS and conventional digestion-ICP-MS. In addition, no significant differences were detected between the slopes of the calibration curves for external standards and standard additions to homogenized sample (SRMs or fresh tissue). Moreover, replicate determinations of analyte concentrations in slurries at various times post-preparation did not detect any segregation of the homogenates during 6 d. For these matrices at least, short-term sample storage had no discernible effect on the analyte apparent concentrations. The applicability of the process was limited only by the levels of contaminating Pb and Cu introduced into the sample by the homogenizer.
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PMID:Slurry preparation by high-pressure homogenization for cadmium, copper and lead determination in cervine liver and kidney by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. 863 93

We have characterized the gene YOR347c of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and shown that it encodes a second functional pyruvate kinase isoenzyme, Pyk2p. Overexpression of the YOR347c/PYK2 gene on a multicopy vector restored growth on glucose of a yeast pyruvate kinase 1 (pyk1) mutant strain and could completely substitute for the PYK1-encoded enzymatic activity. PYK2 gene expression is subject to glucose repression. A pyk2 deletion mutant had no obvious growth phenotypes under various conditions, but the growth defects of a pyk1 pyk2 double-deletion strain were even more pronounced than those of a pyk1 single-mutation strain. Pyk2p is active without fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. However, overexpression of PYK2 during growth on ethanol did not cause any of the deleterious effects expected from a futile cycling between pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate. The results indicate that the PYK2-encoded pyruvate kinase may be used under conditions of very low glycolytic flux.
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PMID:Characterization of a glucose-repressed pyruvate kinase (Pyk2p) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is catalytically insensitive to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. 913 18

Measurement of arsenic (As) in biological samples such as urine has important clinical applications and is being undertaken more frequently in epidemiologic studies because of concern about the carcinogenicity of low to moderate levels of As exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate and improve the accuracy of As determination in urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Determination of As in biological samples by ICP-MS is difficult for two reasons: the formation of the molecular ion 40Ar35Cl, which overlaps with monoisotopic As at a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 75 (causing spectral interference), and signal enhancement due to organic matrix (nonspectral interference). Available procedures were examined, including the application of different correction procedures using 40Ar37Cl and 16O35Cl molecular-ion formation; the addition of N2 into plasma or nebulizer gas flows; and the addition of organic molecules to the sample and to calibration standards to eliminate or correct for interference due to molecular-ion formation. The accuracy and precision of determination of As [m/z 75, ionization potential (IP) 9.81 eV] with use of an internal standard was also investigated. Three elements were studied as candidate internal standards: germanium (Ge: m/z 74, IP 7.90 eV), indium (In: m/z 115, IP 5.79 eV), and tellurium (Te: m/z 128, IP 9.01 eV). It was found that these three elements performed more or less equally well with Ar-N2 plasma; it was also found that accuracy was significantly improved when Te was used as the internal standard instead of Ge or In for ethanol-added samples. Our results indicate that accurate and precise measurement of As in urine by ICP-MS can be obtained by either of two methods (< 5% error, approximately 2% RSD, limit of detection 0.1 ng ml-1): (1) the addition of 1% N2 to plasma gas flow or 3% N2 to nebulizer gas flow, along with use of any of the internal standards tested, or (2) the addition of ethanol to the sample and to calibration standards, with use of Te as the internal standard. The most accurate results (< 1% error) for National Institute of Standard and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 2670 (toxic elements in urine) were obtained with Ar-N2 plasma with either Te or In as the internal standard.
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PMID:Determination of the total arsenic concentration in human urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a comparison of the accuracy of three analytical methods. 965 5

The aim was to determine the association between frequency of alcohol use in the past 30 days and HIV-related risk behaviours among adults in an African-American community. Data were collected by trained street outreach workers, from 522 persons in 4 areas selected on the basis of 7 health and criminal justice indicators of high risk for HIV, STD and substance abuse, and drug-related arrests. A survey assessed demographics, substance use, sexual behaviour, HIV knowledge, attitudes and depression. Subjects reporting using drugs other than alcohol (n=201) were excluded from analyses to avoid the confounding influence of polysubstance use. Of the remaining 321 subjects (mean age=37.1; 58.5% were male), 43.6% reported no alcohol use in the past 30 days, with 37.4% and 19.0%, respectively, having used alcohol < =15 days and = > 16 days in the past 30 days. Alcohol use frequency (no alcohol, 1-15 days, 16-30 days in past month) was significantly associated with being male, STD history, non-use of condoms, higher perceived risk of HIV, lower condom use self-efficacy, multiple sex partners in the past 30 days, and lower HIV-related knowledge. Frequent alcohol use, in the absence of other drugs, is associated with higher levels of HIV risk behaviours. Though an underserved population with respect to HIV prevention and, given the prevalence of alcohol use, the findings suggest that programmes need to target frequent alcohol users to reduce their HIV-associated risk behaviours and enhance HIV risk-reduction knowledge and attitudes associated with the adoption of HIV prevention practices.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Oct
PMID:Frequency of alcohol use and its association with STD/HIV-related risk practices, attitudes and knowledge among an African-American community-recruited sample. 981 13

In mouse embryo NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, ethanol (60-80 mM) was found to enhance the stimulatory effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) on both DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Well-detectable potentiating effects of ethanol on S1P-induced mitogenesis required the presence of calcium (>1 mM) and zinc (20-40 microM) in the incubation medium. The amphibian tetrapeptide bombesin, which is known to mobilize intracellular calcium in fibroblasts, had no effect alone, but it approximately doubled the combined stimulatory effects of ethanol and S1P on DNA synthesis. The synergistic mitogenic effects of ethanol and S1P were also slightly enhanced, rather than inhibited, by the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4-methylpyrazole (5 mM). Of the various growth regulatory enzymes examined, ethanol detectably enhanced the stimulatory effects of S1P on the phosphosphorylation (activation) of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, but not of p38 MAP kinase. Cotreatment of fibroblasts with ethanol for 10 min also enhanced the stimulatory effects of S1P on the activities of c-Raf-1 kinase and p70 S6 kinase, but neither S1P nor ethanol had effects on phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and Akt/PKB kinase activities. Ethanol-plus-S1P-induced DNA synthesis was partially inhibited by both PD 98059 (50 microM) and rapamycin (10 nM), inhibitors of p42/p44 MAP kinase kinase and mTOR/p70 S6 kinases, respectively. The results indicate that in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, ethanol can enhance the mitogenic effects of S1P by a zinc- and calcium-dependent mechanism involving both the rapamycin-sensitive p70 S6 kinase-dependent and the c-Raf-1/MAP kinase-dependent growth regulatory pathways.
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PMID:Ethanol potentiates the mitogenic effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate by a zinc- and calcium-dependent mechanism in fibroblasts. 1033 73

Pathological fibrogenesis in the liver is mediated by activated stellate cells. These cells have a myofibroblastic phenotype with the ability to proliferate and synthesize large quantities of extracellular matrix components. A number of factors have been proposed to initiate and perpetuate the fibrogenic process in stellate cells, including inflammatory cytokines, alterations in the extracellular matrix, growth factors, and oxidative stress. Some recent research has focused on the intracellular signaling pathways that are stimulated by these factors in stellate cells, including mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, focal adhesion kinase, and protein kinase C. This paper will summarize the experimental evidence that implicates these pathways in stellate cell activation, focusing on the effects of exposure to platelet-derived growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and fibronectin. Implications for alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis and future directions for research will also be discussed.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999 May
PMID:Intracellular signaling pathways in stellate cell activation. 1037 15


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