Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Philadelphia chromosome [t(9;22)-(q34;q11)] is the cytogenetic hallmark of human chronic myelogenous leukemia. RNA splicing joins sequences from a gene on chromosome 22 (BCR) across the translocation breakpoint to a portion of the ABL oncogene from chromosome 9, resulting in a chimeric protein (P210) that is an active tyrosine kinase. Although strongly correlated with this specific human neoplasm, and implicated as an oncogene by analogy to the gene product of the Abelson murine leukemia virus, the P210 gene had not been tested directly for oncogenic potential in hematopoietic cells. We have used a retroviral gene-transfer system to express P210 in mouse bone marrow cells. When infected bone marrow is plated under conditions for long-term culture of cells of the B-lymphoid lineage, cells expressing high amounts of P210 tyrosine kinase dominate the culture and rapidly lead to clonal outgrowths of immature lymphoid cells. Expression of P210 is growth-stimulatory but not sufficient for full oncogenic behavior. Some clonal lines progress toward a fully malignant phenotype as judged by increased cloning efficiency in agar suspension and frequency and rapidity of tumor induction in syngeneic mice. Such in vitro systems should be useful in evaluating the sequential and perhaps synergistic involvement of the P210 gene and other oncogenes as models for the progressive changes observed in human chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987 Sep
PMID:In vitro transformation of immature hematopoietic cells by the P210 BCR/ABL oncogene product of the Philadelphia chromosome. 349 65

Physiological responses of eight postmenopausal older women (age 52-62 yr) and eight younger women (age 20-30 yr) were compared during moderate intensity exercise in a hot dry environment (48 degrees C dry bulb, 25 degrees C wet bulb). The age groups were matched on the basis of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max), body surface area, and body fatness. After heat acclimation the women walked at 40% VO2max for up to 2 h in the hot dry environment while heart rate (HR), rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk), whole-body sweating rate (Msw), and local sweating rates (msw; forearm, chest, and scapula) were measured. Additionally, the density of heat-activated sweat glands (HASG) was determined and average sweat gland flow (SGF) was calculated for the scapular area. Although no differences between age groups were found in HR response (when analyzed as percent of maximal HR) or Tsk, the older women had a significantly higher Tre throughout the heat-exercise session. The greater heat storage of the older women may be explained by their significantly lower Msw and msw. There were no differences between the younger and older women in the density of HASG after 30 min; therefore, the lower msw reflects a diminished output per HASG rather than a decrease in the number of sweat glands recruited. The diminished thermoregulatory ability of the older women, unrelated to differences in VO2max, appears to reflect either 1) a diminished response of the sweat glands to central and/or peripheral stimuli, or 2) an age-related structural alteration in the eccrine glands or surrounding skin cells.
J Appl Physiol (1985) 1987 Sep
PMID:Effect of age on heat-activated sweat gland density and flow during exercise in dry heat. 365 56

Skin tumor response in mice to solvent fractions of heavy distillate (HD) from a solvent-refined coal (SRC-II) process indicated that the basic tar and neutral tar were the most carcinogenically potent fractions. Assays of another SRC-II coal liquid that had been fractionally distilled indicated that the carcinogenicity of this material for mouse skin is due to that portion boiling above 371 degrees C (700 degrees F), and that the carcinogenic potency of the material increased with boiling point. Samples of the 399-427 degrees C (750-800 degrees F) distillate were nitrosated to destroy primary aromatic amines and were chemically fractionated to assess the carcinogenicity of chemical class fractions of these complex mixtures. Data from these assays indicated that neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (NPAC) both contribute to the carcinogenicity of this distillate.
Toxicology 1986 Sep
PMID:Epidermal carcinogenesis studies of synthetic fossil fuel materials in mice. 375 Mar 31

Juvenile king and macaroni penguins are terrestrial seabirds and must face an intensive and prolonged energetic demand during their passage from shore to marine life in cold subantarctic seawater. Evidence for progressive thermal adaptation was sought by measurement of metabolic rate (MR) and body (Tb) and skin (Tsk) temperatures in unrestrained, fully immersed penguins. Steady-state responses obtained after the 3rd h of immersion in never-immersed (NI) penguins were compared with those of penguins acclimatized to seawater temperature (A). NI macaroni penguins, unlike NI king penguins, showed a fall in Tb on their first immersion but, once acclimatized, were able to maintain their homeothermy due to an increase (greater than 3.2 W/kg) in regulatory thermogenesis. In NI king penguins, during a simulation of seawater adaptation by 10 successive immersions, MR at 7 degrees C water temperature (Tw) rose from 6.0 to 9.4 W/kg (becoming 3-5 times higher than in air), whereas Tb rose from 37.6 to 38.4 degrees C. In both species occurrence of peak MR at much lower Tw, progressive increase in thermogenesis capacity, and lower conductance in water after adaptation to marine life (28 and 36% less in A king and macaroni penguins, respectively) showed that the passage from shore to marine life consisted of a true cold acclimatization.
Am J Physiol 1986 Sep
PMID:Thermal and metabolic adaptation to first cold-water immersion in juvenile penguins. 375 79

Four naked men, selected for their ability to sleep in the cold, were exposed to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 21 degrees C for five consecutive nights. Electrophysiological stages of sleep, O2 consumption (VO2), and skin (Tsk), rectal (Tre), and tympanic (Tty) temperatures were recorded. Compared with five nights at a thermoneutral Ta of 29 degrees C, cold induced increased wakefulness and decreased stage 2 sleep, without significantly affecting other stages. Tre and Tty declined during each condition. The decrease in Tre was greater at 21 degrees C than at 29 degrees C, whereas Tty did not differ significantly between conditions. Increases in Tty following REM sleep onset at 21 degrees C were negatively correlated with absolute Tty. VO2 and forehead Tsk also increased during REM sleep at both TaS, whereas Tsk of the limb extremities declined at 21 degrees C. Unsuppressed REM sleep in association with peripheral vasoconstriction and increased Tty and VO2 in cold-exposed humans, do not signify an inhibition of thermoregulation during this sleep stage as has been observed in other mammals.
J Appl Physiol (1985) 1986 Sep
PMID:Thermoregulation, metabolism, and stages of sleep in cold-exposed men. 375 78

The aim of this study was to clarify the neural pathway leading to the growth hormone (GH) release when the basolateral amygdala (ABL) was electrically stimulated. Concentric bipolar stimulating electrode was implanted in the unilateral ABL. Blood samples were taken from a cannula implanted into the right atrium via the right external jugular vein. Electrical stimulation of the ABL for 10 min caused a significant increase in plasma GH level from resting value 27.5 +/- 5.7 ng/ml (mean +/- S.E.M.) to 62.2 +/- 7.5 ng/ml at the termination of stimulation. This increase in GH level was markedly augmented to 152.0 +/- 23.0 ng/ml after lesion of the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Pe), where somatostatinergic neurons send their axons to the median eminence. Lesion of the stria terminalis (st) fully or partly abolished GH release induced by ABL stimulation. These results suggest that stimulation of the ABL accelerates GH secretion. The st is an essential pathway for this release, whereas the activity of Pe-neurons is rather inhibitory to this release.
Brain Res 1986 Sep 10
PMID:Growth hormone release induced by electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala, observed in pentobarbital anesthetized rats. 376 67

The role of advanced trauma life support (ATLS) in the prehospital care of the critically injured is highly controversial. This study analyzes the efficacy of ATLS in the management of critical penetrating wounds of the thorax and abdomen. In the 2 1/2-year period ending July 1984, 203 consecutive patients underwent emergency laparotomy or thoracotomy for gunshot and stab wounds. All patients were treated in the field by advanced paramedics (EMT-P). For gunshot wounds the mean time (+/- S.E.M.) responding to the scene was 4.5 (+/- 0.29) minutes, on the scene 10.1 (+/- 0.41) minutes, and returning to the hospital 6.4 (+/- 0.32) minutes. For stab wounds the mean time responding to the scene was 4.8 (+/- 0.21) minutes, on the scene 9.5 (+/- 0.37) minutes, and returning to the hospital 5.7 (+ 0.30) minutes. The number of intravenous lines started averaged 1.8 per patient. Eighty-one patients had PASG applied and 28 patients underwent endotracheal intubation (21 orally, seven nasally). Thirty-three patients had no obtainable blood pressure, of whom six survived (18%). One hundred sixty (94%) of the remaining 170 patients who had any initial blood pressure survived. One hundred nine (55%) patients had an increase in BP greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg (average, 35.6 mm Hg), 64 (32%) had no significant change, and 25 (13%) had a fall greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg (average, 24.2 mm Hg) from the field to the emergency department. Twenty (80%) of the 25 patients with a fall in blood pressure survived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Trauma 1985 Sep
PMID:Prehospital advanced trauma life support for critical penetrating wounds to the thorax and abdomen. 403 6

Gram-nagative organisms were tested with commercially available reagentimpregnated strips (PATHO-TEC). Of the 291 strains, all were tested by using seven paper tests and their conventional counterparts. Excellent correlation was obtained with the oxidase, phenylalanine-deaminase, and Voges-Proskauer tests. Indole tests made on liquid medium cultures also gave complete correlation, but some false-negative results with indole-positive Proteus strains were obtained when growth from solid medium was tested by the strip method. Paper strip urease tests were positive within 2 hr with all Klebsiella and some Serratia, Herellea, and Citrobacter strains as well as with Proteus strains. Approximately 15% of citrate strip test results differed from those of the conventional tests, and reproducibility was poor on retest. The lysine decarboxylase strip test showed a number of discrepancies and posed problems of interpretation and readability. Paper reagent strip methods are simple and convenient and merit further development to increase the specificity of those which depend on pH change up to that achieved with the Voges-Proskauer, oxidase, phenylalanine, and indole methods.
Appl Microbiol 1969 Sep
PMID:Comparative study of the efficacy of seven paper-reagent strips and conventional biochemical tests in identifying gram-negative organisms. 490 7

Adenoviruses were isolated from the urethral swabs of 129 male patients in an STD clinic. After exclusion of patients with Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoea infections, 85 of the remaining 120 patients had urethritis, compared with 28 men with urethritis detected in a control group which was closely matched for age, sex, and date of specimen collection. This statistically significant difference suggests that genital adenovirus infection may be a cause of urethritis in some male patients.
Med J Aust 1984 Sep 15
PMID:Association of genital adenovirus infection with urethritis in men. 609 96

Data on the incomes of families with a severely disabled child were obtained by replicating the Family Expenditure Survey. These data were compared with income data from a control group of families with children, drawn from the FES for the same period. The participation rates, hours, and earnings of the women with a disabled child were all found to be substantially lower than those of women in the control group, differences between the samples increasing with the age of the youngest child. The earnings of men with a disabled child were also lower than those of men in the control group, though differences were more pronounced among non-manual workers. Loss of parental earnings was not made good by social security benefits paid on account of disablement. In general the incomes of the families with a disabled child were lower than those of the control families, the magnitude of the differences increasing with family income and the age of the youngest child. Nevertheless, one group of families with a disabled child--manual workers whose youngest child was under 5--had slightly higher incomes than similar families in the control group.
J Epidemiol Community Health 1983 Sep
PMID:Childhood disablement and family incomes. 622 19


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