Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sequence comparisons were made from 2214 bp of mitochondrial DNA cloned from six Pacific salmonid species. These sequences include the genes for ATPase subunit 6, cytochrome oxidase subunit 3, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L, tRNA(GLY), and tRNA(ARG). Variation is found at 338 silent and 12 nonsilent positions of protein coding genes and 10 positions in the two tRNA sequences. A single 3-bp length difference was also detected. In all pairwise comparisons the sequence divergence observed in the fragment was higher than that previously predicted by restriction enzyme analysis of the entire molecule. The inferred evolutionary relationship of these species is consistent between methods. The distribution of silent variation shows a complex pattern with greatly reduced variation at the junctions of genes. The variation in the tRNA sequences is concentrated in the DHU loop. The close relationship of these species and extensive sequence analyzed allows for an analysis of the spectrum of substitutions that includes the frequencies of all 12 possible substitutions. The observed spectrum of substitutions is related to potential pathways of spontaneous substitution. The salmonid sequences show an extremely high ratio of silent to replacement substitutions. In addition the amino acid sequences of the four proteins coded in this fragment show a consistently high level of identity with the Xenopus sequences. Taken together these data are consistent with a slower rate of amino acid substitution among the cold-blooded vertebrates when compared to mammals.
J Mol Evol 1989 Sep
PMID:Variation in salmonid mitochondrial DNA: evolutionary constraints and mechanisms of substitution. 255 Jun 57

Clinical and experimental data suggest a role for the immune response in preventing leukemic relapses following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. In the context of an allogeneic BMT, a number of different immune mechanisms mediated by donor cells may be responsible for the GVL effect. We have approached this question by using limiting dilution cultures of alloactivated human lymphocytes to analyze the in vitro allogeneic cytolytic response against fresh allogeneic leukemia. Initial results in the limiting dilution assays with split culture analyses demonstrated frequent alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors that destroyed remission peripheral blood lymphocytes and leukemic cells from the allogeneic leukemic patient. These assays also demonstrated frequent lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell precursors that lysed both the LAK sensitive Daudi line and the allogeneic leukemia. In these experiments, isolated cultures also showed cytolytic activity directed against the allogeneic leukemic blasts without activity against remission PBL, or the LAK-sensitive Daudi cell line. Two T cell lines (ABL1 and ABL2) isolated from an LDA, demonstrated this form of specificity, mediating destruction specifically against the allogeneic acute lymphoblastic leukemic cells. Both cell lines ABL1 and ABL2 were CD3+, TCR alpha beta +, and CD4+. These 2 cell lines mediated little or no cytotoxicity against a large panel of other targets tested (natural killer sensitive and resistant cell lines, allogeneic PBL, and allogeneic fresh leukemic blasts). Antibody-blocking experiments revealed a role for the CD3-TCR receptor of both cell lines in lysis of leukemic cells; the CD4 and MHC class II molecules were clearly involved in the lysis by the ABL1 cell line. Specificity of recognition for the allogeneic leukemic blasts was further confirmed by unlabeled target competitive inhibition studies. The mechanism of the preferential lysis of leukemia by the alloactivated T cell lines described in this paper remains uncertain. Nevertheless, these leukemic-specific populations provide a means by which the human GVL effect may be further studied in vitro.
Transplantation 1989 Sep
PMID:Specific recognition of human leukemic cells by allogeneic T cell lines. 257 Dec 6

In pulmonary fibrosis the connective tissue framework and the mechanical properties of the lung are profoundly altered. Changes in amounts or distributions of each component of lung tissue (collagen, elastin, and ground substance such as glycosaminoglycans) might be expected to produce changes in viscoelastic properties of lung parenchyma and lead to mechanical inefficiency of the lungs. In order to evaluate the viscoelastic properties of the alveolar wall of fibrotic lungs, we analysed stress relaxation curves (SRL) of lung tissue in hamsters. Golden hamsters were divided into two groups: control (group C) and a group treated intratracheally with bleomycin (group B). Small piece of the alveolar wall tissue (80 x 80 x 1000 microns) was extended, and SRC was recorded for 3 minutes at the fixed extended length. Relaxation times (Tm) were used as indices of tissue viscoelastic properties. Three different Tm (Tm1: short, Tm2: moderate, and Tm3: long relaxation times) were obtained using the method of residuals. In group B, Tm3 (long relaxation time) was significantly larger than Tm3 in the other. Our results in relaxation time suggested that alveolar walls become more viscous with fibrosis. This rise in tissue viscosity with fibrosis may have been due to altered properties of the increased elastic fibers.
Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1989 Sep
PMID:[Viscoelastic properties of the alveolar wall in experimental pulmonary fibrosis]. 258 99

To detect shifts in the threshold core temperature (Tc) for sweating caused by particular nonthermal stresses, it is necessary to stabilize or standardize all other environmental and physiological variables which cause such shifts. It is, however, difficult to cause progressive changes in Tc without also causing changes in skin temperature (Tsk). This study compares the technique of body warming by immersion in water at 40 degrees C, and subsequent body cooling in water at 28 degrees C, to determine the core threshold for sweating, with one by which Tc was raised by cycling exercise in air at 20 degrees C, and then lowered by immersion in water at 28 degrees C. The first of these procedures involved considerable shifts in Tsk upon immersion in water at 40 degrees C, and again upon transfer to water at 28 degrees C; the second procedure caused only small changes in Tsk. The onset of sweating at a lower esophageal temperature (Tes) during immersion in water at 40 degrees C (36.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C) than during exercise (37.4 +/- 0.3 degree C) is attributed to the high Tsk since Tes was then unchanged. Likewise, the rapid decline in the sweat rate during immersion at 28 degrees C had the same time course to extinction after the pretreatments. This related more to the Tsk, which was common, than to the levels or rates of change of Tes, which both differed between techniques. Tes fell most rapidly, and thus sweating was extinguished at a lower Tes, following 40 degrees C immersion than following exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1989 Sep
PMID:Core threshold temperatures for sweating. 259 29

Chronic myeloid leukaemia, a clonal myeloproliferative disorder with a biphasic nature, is characterised by a specific chromosomal aberration, the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. The Ph chromosome is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and involves the ABL and BCR genes resulting in a chimeric mRNA encoding a specific protein, termed P210. At present, there is no convincing evidence that to maintain the leucocyte count within the normal range prolongs the duration of the stable chronic phase or of survival, and the objectives of treatment are simply to alleviate symptoms or to delay their onset. It has, however, become clear that bone marrow transplantation performed during the chronic phase using an HLA-identical sibling donor offers the best chance of a cure.
Br J Clin Pract 1989 Sep
PMID:Chronic leukaemias: can they be cured? Part 1: Chronic myeloid leukaemia. 262 42

The C-SRC, C-YES, and FYN genes encode three closely related tyrosine protein kinases that are expressed in human neural tissues. A unique form of the C-SRC gene has been demonstrated to be expressed in avian and murine brain tissues as the result of alternative splicing between the third and fourth exons. This neuronal-specific splicing event adds to the C-SRC mRNA an 18 base pair exon capable of encoding the same six amino acids in both avian and murine neural tissues. The C-YES and FYN genes share with C-SRC similar exon-intron boundaries and a high degree of amino acid sequence homology in the 3/4 exon coding region. However, potential alternative splicing of the C-YES and FYN genes in this region has not been previously investigated. In this study we have compared the expression of C-SRC, C-YES, and FYN RNAs in human lung, liver, brain, and placenta tissues and prepared cDNA clones spanning exons 3 and 4 for each of these genes from the different tissues. Sequence analysis of these cDNA clones revealed that the splicing patterns for the FYN and C-YES genes were the same among the various tissues, whereas C-SRC cDNAs isolated from brain contained 18 additional bases with the capacity to code for the same six amino acids present in the neural-specific forms of avian and murine pp60c-src.
J Neurosci Res 1989 Sep
PMID:Neuron-specific splicing of C-SRC RNA in human brain. 268 3

Porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations are fixed several hundred degrees above the glass-transition temperature and cooled rapidly through the glass-transition temperature range. Thermal expansion data from room temperature to above the glass-transition temperature range are important for the thermal expansion of the porcelain to be matched to the alloy. The effect of heating rate during measurement of thermal expansion was determined for NBS SRM 710 glass and four commercial opaque and body porcelain products. Thermal expansion data were obtained at heating rates of from 3 to 30 degrees C/min after the porcelain was cooled at the same rate. By use of the Moynihan equation (where Tg systematically increases in temperature with an increase in cooling/heating rate), the glass-transition temperatures (Tg) derived from these data were shown to be related to the heating rate.
J Dent Res 1989 Sep
PMID:The effect of thermal history on porcelain expansion behavior. 277 74

Herein we describe a dilatometer that consists of a low-mass infrared furnace for rapid heating or cooling, an optical pyrometer, and a laser interferometer. The dilatometer facilitates observations of thermal expansion at rates comparable with those in dental laboratory practice over the temperature range necessary for comparison of thermal expansion of dental porcelain and alloy. Examples of thermal expansion data obtained at a 600 degrees C/min heating rate on NIST SRM 710 glass and dental porcelain are reported. To a limited extent, thermal expansion data above the glass-transition temperature range of dental porcelain were obtained. A shift of the glass-transition temperature range to higher temperatures was observed for both materials, compared with data obtained at 20 degrees C/min.
J Dent Res 1989 Sep
PMID:A rapid heating and cooling rate dilatometer for measuring thermal expansion in dental porcelain. 277 75

Most data suggest that malignant transformation in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) occurs in hematopoietic stem cell that is the progenitor of myelopoiesis and of B but not T lymphopoiesis. We established a T-lymphoid cell line (CML-T1) from a person with Ph-chromosome-negative CML in acute phase. Evidence of its T-lymphocyte origin includes the pattern cytochemical reactivity, reactivity with anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), and rearrangement of the beta-T-cell receptor (TCRB) gene. CML-T1 cells have features of type IV thymocytes. Cytogenetic analyses indicate a 47,XX, del(11), t(6;7)(q23;q24), +mar karyotype. CML-T1 cells exhibit molecular changes typical of CML, including translocation of the ABL protooncogene from chromosome 9 to 22, rearrangement of the BCR gene, and transcription of a chimeric BCR-ABL messenger RNA (mRNA). The ABL insertion on chromosome 22 appears interstitial, similar to other cases of Ph-chromosome-negative CML. These data clearly indicate that T cells can be involved in acute-phase CML. CML-T1 should be useful in studying this process as well as that underlying Ph-chromosome-negative CML.
Blood 1989 Sep
PMID:CML-T1: a cell line derived from T-lymphocyte acute phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia. 278 68

In 1984, I reported that the refraction constant used in the SRK formula was too high and should have a value of 1.0 or less. The term refraction factor (RF) was adopted to replace the refraction constant which was under scrutiny. The current study was done in four phases. Phase 1 showed improved refraction prediction accuracy for sulcus-fixated intraocular lenses (IOLs) when an RF of less than or equal to 1.0 was used instead of a fixed RF of 1.25. The anterior chamber IOLs had worse results under the same conditions. Phase 2 retrospectively determined computer optimized and matched A constant and RF pairs for anterior chamber, sulcus-fixated, and bag-fixated IOLs for all axial lengths (AL), short (AL less than or equal to 21.5 mm), long (AL greater than or equal to 24.5 mm), and mid-range (21.5 mm less than AL less than 24.5 mm). Phase 3 demonstrated a dramatic improvement in the refraction prediction accuracy when the matched pairs according to AL were used in 61 consecutive patients receiving Jaffe, bag-fixated IOLs. Phase 4 demonstrated good results in 15 consecutive patients, using the RF found for Jaffe IOLs in calculations for a meniscus-type, bag-fixated IOL, with which I had no experience. I determined that the longer the eye, the smaller the RF, for any given IOL position in the eye. The data indicated that different RFs should be used for different IOL locations within the eye. The more forward the IOL, the larger the RF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Cataract Refract Surg 1989 Sep
PMID:Using the intraocular lens refraction factor to improve refractive prediction accuracy. 232 91


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