Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new semiautomated apparatus for hemofiltration has been described. It is a postdilutional hemofiltration system that utilizes the RP-610 dialyzer and is made of standard lines used for hemodialysis, a blood pump and two precise volumetric pumps, Logeais-TEC model, for the ultrafiltrate and for the substitution fluid. The ultrafiltrate compartment of the hemofilter is connected to a manometer for detecting positive or negative pressure. The transmembrane pressure TmP is given only by the pressure on the blood side that is regulated by the screw clamp in the venous line. Once started the whole system may be regulated by this screw clamp in order to maintain zero pressure in the ultrafiltrate compartment, provided that ultrafiltration rate does not exceed 65 ml/min. This system is sufficiently accurate to replace bed scales or any other gravimetric device.
J Dial 1979
PMID:A new semiautomated apparatus for hemofiltration. 51 76

Autoreactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies, which have been found in sensitised dialysis patients, are generally not considered to be harmful to a renal allograft. In this work the presence of such autoreactive antibodies was investigated in the following groups of sensitised endstage renal disease patients: (a) dialysis patients waiting for a first kidney transplant, (b) kidney transplanted patients, and (c) dialysis patients with a previous failed graft. Only sera from the above patients which showed high reactivity (greater than 30%) against peripheral blood lymphocytes of a random cell panel (R-PBL), were screened for the presence of autoreactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies, by testing at different temperatures against autologous T lymphoblasts (PHA-ATL) and EBV-induced autologous B lymphoblasts (EBV-ABL). The results showed that both blood transfusions, and viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), correlated with the presence of autoreactive antibodies, and that in addition, by using PHA-ATL and/or EBV-ABL as absorbing reagents, it was possible to remove the antibodies. These absorption procedures allowed the identification of the presence of autoreactive antibodies alone or in combination with other alloantibodies.
Nephrol Dial Transplant 1987
PMID:Identification of autoreactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies in sensitised dialysis and kidney transplant patients. 282 88

While the current Tenckhoff catheter is generally successful, outflow failure due to omental obstruction, pericatheter hernias, pericatheter leaks, and exit infections remains a major cause for dropout from peritoneal dialysis therapy. Further, the irregular outflow characteristics of the catheter make highflow automated dialysis problematic. We have developed a catheter with a thin transabdominal tube connecting in a T-shape to a transverse cylinder resting against the parietal peritoneum, with flutes (grooves) as ports. The catheter can be inserted through the 3-mm diameter Quill guide of the Y-TEC peritoneoscopic system. Studies in normal dogs indicated that the T-fluted catheter allowed daily exchanges with 2 L of peritoneal dialysate without outflow obstruction, and peritoneoscopic inspection 2-4 weeks later showed no omental attachment to the grooved ports. By comparison, curled Tenckhoff catheters uniformly developed omental obstruction within 2-4 days, and all such catheters had firm omental attachment to the side holes. Five T-fluted catheters have been placed in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients who had prior complications with Tenckhoff catheters (infections, leaks, and outflow failure). One patient with multiple intraperitoneal adhesions developed outflow failure of the T-fluted catheter, similar to a prior Tenckhoff catheter. All other T-fluted catheters had consistent outflow rates and no complications. In long-term use the T-fluted catheter should prevent omental attachment, deep cuff extrusion, pericatheter hernias, subcutaneous cuff erosion, and exit-site infection, although this is not yet proven.
Adv Perit Dial 1993
PMID:T-fluted peritoneal dialysis catheter. 810 29

Recent studies demonstrate that 14-membered macrolides increase permeability and destruction of Pseudomonas biofilms. The effect of a macrolide antibiotic, erythromycin, on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm on Silastic catheter materials in comparison with two different quinolone antibiotics, sparfloxacin (SPFX) and a new quinolone, SYN 1193, was examined. Two different MRSA strains were grown in biofilm, using Mueller-Hinton broth with and without the addition of 10% pooled normal human serum (PNHS), in a modified Robbins device, at 37 degrees C for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Two different clinical MRSA strains were used and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined at the time intervals mentioned. Three different dosages of each antibiotic were tested: 5.0, 20.0, and 50.0 micrograms/mL. In addition, a constant dosage of SPFX and SYN 1193, in combination with varying dosages of erythromycin, was tested under similar experimental conditions. SYN 1193 demonstrated the highest MBC in comparison to SPFX; addition of PNHS did not alter the effect of SYN 1193. However, erythromycin alone and in combination with SPFX and SYN 1193 had no effect on MBC. We conclude that (1) macrolide antibiotic erythromycin has poor MRSA biofilm permeability and killing in comparison to SPFX and SYN 1193, and (2) SYN 1193 had the highest MBC to MRSA biofilm.
Adv Perit Dial 1997
PMID:The effects of macrolide and quinolone antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm growth. 936 Jun 84

A method for the selective quantitative determination of inorganic arsenic [As(III) + As(V)] in seafood was developed. In order to do so, various procedures for the solubilization and extraction of inorganic arsenic quoted in the literature were tested. None provided satisfactory recoveries for As(III) and As(V) in real samples. Consequently, a methodology was developed which included solubilization with HCl and subsequent extraction with chloroform. The arsenic was solubilized in 9 mol l-1 hydrochloric acid. After reduction by hydrobromic acid and hydrazine sulfate, the inorganic arsenic was extracted into chloroform, back-extracted into 1 mol l-1 HCl, dry-ashed, and quantified by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). The analytical features of the method are as follows: detection limit, 3.07 ng g-1 As (fresh mass); precision (RSD), 4.0%; recovery, As(III) 99%, As(V) 96%. In the optimized conditions, other arsenic species--dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), arsenobetaine (AB), arsenocholine (AC) and tetramethylarsonium-ion (TMA+)--were not co-extracted. However, different percentages of minor species were extracted with chloroform: monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) 100%, and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) 3-10%. Real samples and reference materials of seafood (DORM-1, DORM-2, TORT-2, CRM-278 and SRM-1566a) were analyzed. The analysis of DORM-1 provided an inorganic arsenic value of 124 +/- 4 ng g-1 As, dry mass (dm), which is very close to the value obtained by other authors using high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) and ionic chromatography-hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (IC-HG-AAS).
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PMID:Optimization of the solubilization, extraction and determination of inorganic arsenic [As(III) + (As(V)] in seafood products by acid digestion, solvent extraction and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. 1060 84

The stability of arsenic, selenium, antimony and tellurium species in water and urine (NIST SRM 2670n) as well as in extracts of fish and soil certified reference materials (DORM-2 and NIST SRM 2710) has been investigated. Stability studies were carried out with As(III), As(V), arsenobetaine, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), phenylarsonic acid (PAA), Se(IV), Se(VI), selenomethionine, Sb(III), Sb(V) and Te(VI). Speciation analysis was performed by on-line coupling of anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Best storage of aqueous mixtures of the examined species was achieved at 3 degrees C whereas at -20 degrees C species transformation especially of selenomethionine and Sb(V) took place and a new selenium species appeared within a period of 30 days. Losses and species transformations during extraction processes were investigated. Extraction of the spiked fish material with methanol/water led to partial conversion of Sb(III), Sb(V) and selenomethionine to two new antimony and one new selenium species. The other arsenic, selenium and tellurium species were almost quantitatively extracted. For soil spiked with MMA, PAA, Se(IV) and Sb(III), recoveries after extraction with water and sulfuric acid (0.01 mol/L) were below 20%.
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PMID:Stability studies of arsenic, selenium, antimony and tellurium species in water, urine, fish and soil extracts using HPLC/ICP-MS. 1122 May 82

Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni were determined in two different species of woodlice: Porcellio scaber and Porcellio dilatatus. Both P. scaber and P. dilatatus were cultivated under standardized conditions in a climatic chamber. Moreover, skins of the cultivated animals were collected and analysed separately to examine whether moulting is a way of detoxification from these elements. After drying and grinding both animal and skin samples, they were pooled to obtain enough sample material for each species. The pooled samples were digested in pure concentrated nitric acid using microwave-assisted high pressure digestion and, finally, analysed by ICP-OES. Special emphasis was given to quality control. To match the matrix of the samples very closely, the reference materials Dorm-2, Dogfish Muscle (Squalus acanthias) and SRM 1577b Bovine Liver were used to evaluate the whole analytical process including sample digestion. Analyses of the elements in the reference materials were carried out using three different wavelengths for each element simultaneously to check for spectral interferences and to select the wavelengths which were best suited for the analyses. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni in woodlice and their skins indicated that moulting is a possible means of detoxification in the case of Cr and Ni.
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PMID:Accurate determination of Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni in woodlice and their skins--is moulting a means of detoxification? 1562 81

A capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric (CE-ICP-MS) method for the speciation of six arsenic compounds, namely arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenobetaine and arsenocholine is described. The separation has been achieved on a 70 cm length x 75 microm ID fused-silica capillary. The electrophoretic buffer used was 15 mM Tris (pH 9.0) containing 15 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), while the applied voltage was set at +22 kV. The arsenic species in biological tissues were extracted into 80% v/v methanol-water mixture, put in a closed centrifuge tube and kept in a water bath, using microwaves at 80 degrees C for 3 min. The extraction efficiencies of individual arsenic species added to the sample at 0.5 microg As/g level were between 96% and 107%, except for As(III), for which it was 89% and 77% for oyster and fish samples, respectively. The detection limits of the species studied were in the range 0.3-0.5 ng As/mL. The procedure has been applied for the speciation analysis of two reference materials, namely dogfish muscle tissue (NRCC DORM-2) and oyster tissue (NIST SRM 1566a), and two real-world samples.
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PMID:Speciation of arsenic compounds in fish and oyster tissues by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. 1575 2

The transfusion of granulocytes to restore host defenses in severely granulocytopenic patients or in patients with defective granulocyte functions has been studied for more than 60 years. However, inadequate dosage of cells and inconsistent efficacy has limited the usage of these transfusions. Recently, the use of mobilizing agents such as granulocyte colony stimulating factors and dexamethasone has renewed interest in these treatment modalities. The present study is conducted to determine an appropriate method of enriched granulocyte collection with Fresenius AS.TEC.204 cell separator (Fresenius, Bad Homburg, Germany) and to evaluate the preliminary clinical results of granulocyte transfusion therapy in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and invasive Aspergillosis in parallel with in vitro granulocyte function. Three patients who have been treated for chronic granulomatous disease and invasive Aspergillosis received a total of 20 granulocyte transfusions. To mobilize granulocytes, healthy donors were given 450 microg of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) subcutaneously and 8 mg of dexamethasone orally approximately 12 h before collection. Five microg/kg/day of G-CSF was also subcutaneously administered prior to granulocyte transfusions. The first patient received 4; the second, 14 and the third, 2 transfusions. The granulocyte count given to these patients ranged between 0.4 and 3.0 x 10(9)/kg. Most transfusions were well tolerated. The nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) tests that were done 16-24 h after the transfusion showed 14-46% dye reduction. Two of the three patients survived the infection. Granulocyte transfusions from G-CSF and dexamethasone stimulated donors could be a choice of treatment in chronic granulomatous disease patients, especially with disseminated invasive Aspergillosis.
Ther Apher Dial 2005 Apr
PMID:Granulocyte transfusions in children with chronic granulomatous disease and invasive aspergillosis. 1582 25

Slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-DRC-ICP-MS) has been applied to determine Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn in biological samples. The influences of instrument operating conditions and slurry preparation on the ion signals were reported. Pd was used as the modifier. The effectiveness of the ETV sample introduction technique and dynamic reaction cell in alleviating various spectral interferences in ICP-MS analysis has been demonstrated. This method has been applied to determine Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn in NIST SRM 1573a tomato leaves reference material and NRCC DORM-2 dogfish muscle reference material and also real samples such as a tea and a swordfish sample purchased locally. Since the sensitivities of the elements studied in slurry and aqueous solution were different, an analyte addition technique was used for the determinations. The analytical results of the reference materials agreed with the certified values. The precision between sample replicates was better than 6% for all determinations. The method detection limit estimated from analyte addition curves was 0.01, 0.006, 0.007, 0.004, and 0.006 microg g(-1) for Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, respectively, in the original biological samples.
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PMID:Electrothermal vaporization dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn in biological samples. 1729 99


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