Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The contractile activity of smooth-muscle strips (15 X 2 mm), isolated from the internal anal sphincter [IAS] of chloralose-anaesthesized cats, was recorded under isometric conditions. The relaxation effects of exogenously applied acetylcholine (Ach) and nicotine (Ns on cat IAS turn into contractile after treatment of the preparations with depolarizing agent (increased [K+]0 scorpion venom, ouabaine). These contractile effects are blocked completely by phentolamine, guanetidine, hexamethonium and they are antagonized by TTX. Relatively high N concentrations induce a three-phase effect whose second contractile component is phentolamine- and guanethidine-sensitive. Field electrical stimulation (FES - 0.7-20 Hz, 0.1 ms, 40 V, duration 15 s) induces biphasic response in IAS: initial contraction which increases after an increase in [K+]0 and is blocked by phentolamine and guanethidine, with subsequent relaxation which is not affected by adrenergic and cholinergic blockers. The effects of FES are TTX-sensitive. The article discusses the problem of the release of noncholinergic nonadrenergic inhibitory neurotransmitter and of noradrenaline by means of presynaptic N-cholinergic receptors. It is assumed that the correlation in which the two transmitters are released depends on the different threshold value of the membrane potential of the nerve terminals, whereby excitatory-secretion coupling takes place.
 ...
PMID:Modulation of the release of noradrenaline and of noncholinergic, nonadrenergic inhibitory neurotransmitter through presynaptic N-cholinergic receptors by means of depolarizing agents in cat internal anal sphincter. 614 35

Data on the incomes of families with a severely disabled child were obtained by replicating the Family Expenditure Survey. These data were compared with income data from a control group of families with children, drawn from the FES for the same period. The participation rates, hours, and earnings of the women with a disabled child were all found to be substantially lower than those of women in the control group, differences between the samples increasing with the age of the youngest child. The earnings of men with a disabled child were also lower than those of men in the control group, though differences were more pronounced among non-manual workers. Loss of parental earnings was not made good by social security benefits paid on account of disablement. In general the incomes of the families with a disabled child were lower than those of the control families, the magnitude of the differences increasing with family income and the age of the youngest child. Nevertheless, one group of families with a disabled child--manual workers whose youngest child was under 5--had slightly higher incomes than similar families in the control group.
 ...
PMID:Childhood disablement and family incomes. 622 19

The human germ-line positions of the oncogenes ABL, SIS, and FES, the cellular counterparts of the v-onc genes of Abelson murine leukemia virus, simian sarcoma virus, and feline sarcoma virus, respectively, have been determined by in situ molecular hybridization of 3H-labeled v-onc gene probes to meiotic pachytene chromosomes. The position of ABL at 9q34.1 corresponds to the breakpoint in chromosome 9 in the translocation that gives rise to the Philadelphia chromosome, t(9;22) (q34; q11); the position of SIS at 22q13.1 is distal to the breakpoint in this chromosome. FES at 15q26.1 is also distal to the breakpoint in chromosome 15 in the translocation commonly seen in acute promyelocytic leukemia, t(15;17) (q24;q22).
 ...
PMID:Localization of the cellular oncogenes ABL, SIS, and FES on human germ-line chromosomes. 632 3

This study investigated the relations between FES scales and MMPI scales and the relation of social desirability and endorsement of FES items in a sample of 185 college students. FES scales were found generally not to be highly redundant with MMPI variables although MMPI Scale K (defensiveness) was significantly related to several FES scales. The social desirability and the endorsement rates of FES items were found to correlate approximately .80. Implications of these findings for the research and clinical use of the FES are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Relations between the family environment scale (FES) and the MMPI. 670 61

In collaboration with the College of Engineering the author has developed a laboratory, or clinic, based, battery operated "universal" control system, designed to improve disabled gait in upper motor neuron disabilities, especially stroke, hemiplegia, and cerebral palsy, by applying several channels of FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation) to the lower limb muscles while the patient is walking. The timing of the FES pulses, which can be applied to as many as six of the patient's muscles, is determined by potentiometer controlled one-shot timers, which are triggered by any of three switches in the sole of either shoe. Combinations of inverters, flip flops, AND gates and OR gates in the externally connected logic circuits determine the sequence of delays and pulses applied to the patient's muscles. This paper describes and diagrams some of the logic circuits and as an example of the possible application of the concept of a "universal" control unit reports the modifications of gait induced in a hemiplegic, four year post-stroke, patient. The characteristics of this patient's gait with FES in comparison to its characteristics without FES are demonstrated with motion picture frames, EMG recordings and graphic tracings of her right knee and ankle joint positions. They include more symmetrical timing of her right and left stance and swing phases, increased dorsiflexion of her right ankle in the swing phase, followed by a more distinct heel strike, and improved flexion--extension sequences of the knee and ankle joints and an increased heel rise in the stance phase. The author concludes that the gait characteristics of some hemiplegic patients will improve as they become adapted over a period of weeks or months to a control logic, which lessens their functional limitations by the use of a properly timed and amplified sequence of FES pulses. He suggests that the FES control requirements for individual patients should be determined experimentally with a control system "universally" adaptable to a wide range of disabilities, and that these control parameters could then determine the design of portable units, which may be used on a long term basis. These units would include only the operational options needed to duplicate the gait corrections found to be practicable for each individual patient, by the testing procedure, through a universal logic unit as described in this paper.
 ...
PMID:Development of a universal control unit for functional electrical stimulation (FES). 698 99

The human bcr gene encodes a protein with serine/threonine kinase activity, CDC24/dbl homology, a GAP domain, and an SH2-binding region. However, the precise physiological functions of BCR are unknown. Coexpression of BCR with the cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-fes proto-oncogene in Sf-9 cells resulted in stable BCR-FES protein complex formation and tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR. Association involves the SH2 domain of FES and a novel binding domain localized to the first 347 amino acids of the FES N-terminal region. Deletion of the homologous N-terminal BCR-binding domain from v-fps, a fes-related transforming oncogene, abolished transforming activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR in vivo. Tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR in v-fps-transformed cells induced its association with GRB-2/SOS, the RAS guanine nucleotide exchange factor complex. These data provide evidence that BCR couples the cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase and RAS signaling pathways.
 ...
PMID:Tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR by FPS/FES protein-tyrosine kinases induces association of BCR with GRB-2/SOS. 752 74

A reciprocal t(1;15)(p36.1-36.3;q25-26) has been identified in an established neuroblastoma cell line (NGP) that earlier studies had shown to carry, among others, a rearrangement at the 1p subtelomeric region. Though it has not been possible to establish whether this translocation was constitutional, it is of interest to note that one of the breakpoints is located within the well-known 1p consensus site of tumor-associated chromosomal rearrangements where, as a result of the reciprocal translocation, the FES oncogene has been transferred from autosome 15. It is to be expected that the molecular cloning of the 1p and 15q translocation breakpoints may yield crucial data for understanding the association between specific chromosomal rearrangements and malignant tumor progression.
 ...
PMID:Cytogenetic and molecular studies on the neuroblastoma cell line NGP: identification of a reciprocal t(1;15) involving the "consensus region" 1p36.1. 754 46

A maximum of 6 STR systems (TH01, VWA, ACTBP2, FES, F13B, D21S11) was investigated in 7 human populations (Germans, Turks, Moroccans, Japanese, Chinese, Papuans, Ovambos). In each population no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed. Out of each population the phenotypes of 50 individuals (comprising 3 to 6 STRs) were randomly selected. Based on the phenotype frequencies interpopulation comparisons were carried out using the frequencies of each other population. Within major ethnic groups only minor differences in phenotype frequencies were found. Between major ethnic groups differences of up to several orders of magnitude could be observed. The most discriminative STRs for interpopulation comparisons were TH01, FES and F13B.
 ...
PMID:Phenotype differences of STRs in 7 human populations. 757 96

The Nucleus 'FES-22' channel stimulation system has been developed for partial restoration of lower limb function in paraplegic individuals. One FES-22 stimulator has been implanted in a 25-year-old paraplegic subject in November 1991. Of the twenty 2.5-mm disc electrodes attached epineurally onto motor nerves, fifteen are capable of producing observable threshold and maximal muscle contractions with joint movements.
 ...
PMID:Initial results of the nucleus FES-22-implanted system for limb movement in paraplegia. 762 34

The CSK-gene encodes an intracellular protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK). In contrast to members of the src-family, an autophosphorylation site corresponding to Tyr416, as well as the equivalent of the regulatory Tyr527 in p60c-src are missing in the amino acid sequence deduced from the gene. CSK phosphorylates other members of the src-family of tyrosine kinases at their regulatory carboxy-terminus. By regulating the activity of these kinases, CSK may play an important role in cell growth and development. Here we describe the structure of the human CSK gene. The entire coding region spans a genomic distance of only 4.9 kb. It encompasses 12 exons ranging between 66 and 220 bp in size. The introns between coding exons vary between 76 and 920 bp in length. An exon coding for the 5'-untranslated region of CSK is separated from the first coding exon by an intron of more than 6400 bp. Based on comparisons of sequence homologies within the catalytic domains, the intracellular PTKs are divided into the src-family, the fes/fer- and the abl/arg-group. The genomic structure of four members of the SRC-family revealed nearly identical exon/intron boundaries within the catalytic domain of this family. They differ from those described for FES. Comparing the genomic structure of CSK with the exon/intron organisation of both, it is obvious that the exon/intron boundaries are in common either with those of the SRC-type or the FES boundaries. This intermediate exon/intron structure of CSK between FES and the SRC-family agrees with the position of CSK in a phylogenetic tree based on sequence homology within the kinase domain.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of the human CSK locus. 768 31


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>