Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In patient with damaged upper motor neurones we show the therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation (called FES) of peripheral mixed nerves on the restoration of motor activity and movements. The results of neurophysiological, kinesiological and clinical observations are presented. We discuss the possible mechanisms, especially the spinal ones, which are fundamental for such a rhythmic activity as gait. We discuss them also from the point of view of activation of proprioceptive feedback mechanisms and of achieved sensory reinforcement influencing the spinal reflex mechanisms as well as the preserved supraspinal integrated activity which contributes to the long-term FES effect. The stimulation modes, the control of stimuli in relation to the needs of individual patients (hemiplegia in adults, paraparesis, cerebral palsy in children and multiple sclerosis) as well as the motor deficit are discussed. We conclude that the electronic system used for this purpose represents a functionally active orthotic aid with therapeutic effects.
 ...
PMID:Functional electrical stimulation in control of motor output and movements. 22 5

Clinically applied multichannel stimulation was visualized in the very beginnings of FES. A short survey of existing multichannel systems was taken and compared to initial expectations. While much still remains to be done to get multichannel stimulation out of the research environment and into the clinical routine, the results obtained so far are encouraging enough to continue work in this area with increased effort.
 ...
PMID:Multichannel functional electrical stimulation--facts and expectations. 30 20

A group of forty-nine hemiparetic patients with limited emotional, communication and sensibility involvement and with recent lesion of cerebrovascular aetiology was randomly divided into two groups of twenty-four and twenty-five subjects. Both groups received traditional physiotherapy treatment for one hour/day, one group received twenty min/day of peroneal nerve stimulation. The maximum voluntary dorsal flexion moments of the ankle joint of the affected and non affected extremities were measured with an isometric brace twice a week for one month and for both groups. The recovery of moment in the stimulated group turned out to be about three times greater than in the control group and considerably less dependent upon age, time from lesion, initial value, side of lesion. Three patients using a peroneal brace at home as an assisting device were again evaluated two months later and a further improvement was observed. This work gives statistical support to previous observations based on very few cases and provides a statistically reliable answer concerning the entity of FES induced recovery of muscle force in hemiparetic subjects.
 ...
PMID:A control study of muscle force recovery in hemiparetic patients during treatment with functional electrical stimulation. 70 82

Spastic or hyperreflex bladder dysfunction can cause frequency, urgency, and incontinence. Detrusor activity was inhibited by FES (functional electrical stimulation) applied to the anal sphincter causing decreased bladder spasticity and increased bladder capacity. FES is indicated for incontinence not only because of weakness of the pelvic floor but also because of hyperreflex bladder.
 ...
PMID:Bladder inhibition with functional electrical stimulation. 110 26

In our study we have analyzed the influence of family environment on adjustment of renal patients to the HD as well as on the attitude towards kidney transplantation. The study included 57 patients (34 M, 23 F), mean age 52.3 years, and they had been on dialysis for an average of 34.5 months. We obtained information about adaptation and behavior in the care unit, and attitude and motivation towards renal transplantation. Biochemical variables were used to register disruption of medical compliance or dietetic transgression (K, PRC, BUN, weight gain, etc.). The patient's family climate was assessed through use of the Family Environment Scale (FES, Moos and Moos, 1981). The results showed that patients with aggressiveness and noncompliance during HD sessions tended to have high family conflict in family members. The most positive attitudes towards renal transplantation were found in the patients that came from families with the greatest degree of cohesion and expressiveness. In summary, family social climate is a variable influencing outcome of these patients. Its routine assessment would permit the prediction of adaptation to the therapeutic program as much as better efficacy of HD treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of family environment on adaptation to the hemodialysis program in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. 148 72

An optimal control strategy for FES-induced cyclical leg movements in paraplegics is proposed. The control of the cyclical movement of a freely swinging leg is considered as an example. Quadriceps and the flexion withdrawal reflex are stimulated in order to generate a cyclical movement, of which the forward swing resembles the swing phase of gait. Optimal stimulation patterns are determined on the basis of an optimization criterion and a dynamic model of the system. The criterion is based on desired movement parameters and a minimal duration of the stimulation bursts. The movement parameters should ensure the generation of the desired cyclical movement: a desired hip angle range, sufficient foot clearance during the forward swing and knee extension at the beginning of the backward swing. Minimal duration of the stimulation bursts is assumed to yield minimal fatigue. A dynamic model, describing the dynamics of the neural system, the muscles and the leg, was constructed and its parameters identified on the basis of preliminary experiments and literature. Optimal timing of the quadriceps and flexion reflex stimulation bursts was determined by means of computer simulation. These simulations predicted that the flexion reflex should be stimulated in a short burst approximately 150 ms before the start of the forward swing. The quadriceps should be stimulated approximately starting 200 ms before the end of the forward swing in order to ensure knee extension at the beginning of the backward swing. The duration of one cycle of the movement was between 1300 and 1500 ms in these simulations. These results predict that the movement specified by the functional objectives can be realised using only two channels of stimulation. On the basis of the optimal timing, an adaptive control strategy can be designed, which varies the stimulation burst width when muscles fatigue.
 ...
PMID:Modelling the optimal control of cyclical leg movements induced by functional electrical stimulation. 149 50

In order to assess the effects of FES on muscle output, chronic electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscle was applied for half an hour twice a day for 2 months, in 10 thoracic level traumatic paraplegic patients. Results concerning torque (at 6 different muscle lengths) and fatigue were measured using a strain gauge transducer in isometric condition, and compared with the findings in 15 paraplegic patients who had not received electrical stimulation, and with 10 able bodied subjects with normal motor functions. With training, muscle strength was very significantly improved whilst fatigue resistance remained at a low level. The peak torque was not found to be of the same muscle length when comparing paraplegics and control subjects; it seemed to demonstrate that length-tension relationship of the muscular actuator was changing when it was electrically activated. Moreover, the force recorded in paraplegics remained markedly lower than in able bodied people.
 ...
PMID:Effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on evoked muscular output in paraplegic quadriceps muscle. 150 60

1. The relationship between endothelin-1(ET-1)-induced effects on the contractile responses of epididymal portion of rat vas deferens elicited by field electrical stimulation (FES: 80 V, 1 msec, 0.1 Hz) and the effects of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine were studied. 2. ET-1 (0.01 nM-0.1 microM) concentration-dependently increased the FES-induced contractions. 3. ET-1 (0.1 nM-0.1 microM) reversed the inhibitory effect of clonidine on the FES-evoked contractions whereas ET-1 applied before clonidine exerted a dual effect on the clonidine-induced inhibition of the FES-evoked contractions. 4. The ET-1-induced enhancement of FES-induced contractions was potentiated in the presence of 1 microM yohimbine and was not observed at all in the presence of 10 microM yohimbine. Yohimbine, applied at concentrations of 1 and 10 microM exerted similar blocking effects on the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonistic effects of phenylephrine. However, yohimbine at a concentration of 10 microM markedly potentiated the contractile effect of exogenous adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), 30 microM. Tetrodotoxin abolished this effect of yohimbine. 5. The results presented here suggest the existence of modulating interactions between the ET-1-evoked increase of FES-induced contractions of rat vas deferens and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor drugs clonidine and yohimbine.
 ...
PMID:Interactions between the effects of endothelin-1, clonidine and yohimbine on electrically-induced contractions in rat vas deferens. 151 61

The purpose of this study was to assess the physiologic training effects of functional electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometer (FES-LCE) exercise in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) who were previously untrained in this activity. Ten persons with quadriplegia (C5 to C7) and eight with paraplegia (T4 to T11) performed FES-LCE training on an ERGYS I ergometer 10 to 30 minutes per day, 2 or 3 days per week for 12 to 16 weeks (36 total sessions). Training session power output (PO) ranged from 0.0W (no external resistance) to 30.6W. Each subject completed discontinuous graded FES-LCE and arm crank ergometer (ACE) tests before and after training for determinations of peak lower and upper extremity metabolic, pulmonary, and hemodynamic responses. Compared with pretraining, this SCI group exhibited significantly (p less than or equal to .05) higher posttraining peak PO (+45%), oxygen uptake ([O2], + 23%), pulmonary ventilation (+27%), heart rate (+11%), cardiac output ([Qt], + 13%) and significantly lower total peripheral resistance ([TPR], - 14%) during FES-LCE posttests. There were no significant changes in peak stroke volume (+6%), mean arterial pressure ([MAP], - 5%), or arteriovenous oxygen difference ([a-vO2diff], + 10%) during posttraining FES-LCE tests. In addition, no significant differences were noted for the peak level of any monitored variable during ACE posttests after FES-LCE training. The rise in total vascular conductance, implied by the significant decrease in posttraining TPR during FES-LCE tests, denotes that a peripheral circulatory adaptation developed in the persons with SCI during FES-LCE exercise training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Physiologic effects of electrical stimulation leg cycle exercise training in spinal cord injured persons. 158 Jul 76

The use of FES (functional electrical stimulation) for gait reproduction in six patients with spinal cord injury is described. Following a detailed neuromuscular assessment the patients commenced a muscle conditioning programme using electrical stimulation applied via surface electrodes. Once patients were strong enough to stand, gait synthesis was initiated in the laboratory utilizing a programmable electrical stimulator. When a satisfactory gait pattern had been achieved, patients used their portable stimulator at home. All six patients became able to stand and walk using the FES system and completed the home phase of the programme. Three patients continue to use the system at home for exercise and walking; the other patients have discontinued using the system, preferring a wheelchair or their original orthoses. We conclude that FES-assisted walking is feasible in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury, even with severe motor loss. Further advances in technology are needed for the system to become applicable to a larger number of patients.
 ...
PMID:The use of functional electrical stimulation to assist gait in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. 160 Jan 88


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>