Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of lanthanum nitrate on the seed germination and the growth of rice was conducted. The results of this experiment indicate that soaking in a proper concentration of La(NO3)3 could accelerate the germination of the rice seeds, significantly increase seed vigor and chlorophyll contents, and improve root growth. Because during the soaking stage with La(NO3)3 the absorbed water and imbibition process of the rice seeds was quickened, the plasma membrane permeability of the seeds was increased, O2 and H2O were easier to get into the cell, and the respiratory rate was enhanced. During the germination stage, La(NO3)3 could enhance the activities of alpha-amylase, proteinase, lipase, and other hydrolytic enzymes and the contents of plant hormones, such as IAA, GAs, CTK, and so forth, except ABA contents, changed little.
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PMID:Study of lanthanum on seed germination and growth of rice. 1297 94

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with pancreatic atrophy and compromised digestion of carbohydrates as a result of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and lower alpha-amylase synthesis and secretion. The reduced production of digestive enzymes is likely to be caused by deregulated protein metabolism. The relative concentrations and phosphorylation of signaling proteins associated with protein translation, such as PKB, p70S6K1, 4E-BP1, ERK1/2, and also some of those implicated in protein breakdown, such as ubiquitin and NF-kappaB, in the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetic pancreas were measured using Western blotting. There were significant decreases in the levels of total PKB, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, ERK1/2, and NF-kappaB in the diabetic pancreas compared to control. In contrast, the phosphorylation of p70S6K1, 4E-BP1, ERK1/2, and protein ubiquitination increased significantly compared to controls. Together, these results indicate that STZ-induced DM leads to reduced levels of enzymes mediating protein synthesis while their phosphorylation is actually increased, perhaps in an attempt to maintain protein homeostasis, which is further compromised by heightened ubiquitin-dependent protein breakdown. It is likely that these factors are responsible for pancreatic atrophy, enzyme synthesis, and net protein loss in DM.
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PMID:Signaling proteins associated with diabetic-induced exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in rats. 1715 24

A microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction (MAEE) method was developed for the simultaneous extraction of arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) species in rice products. The total arsenic and selenium content in the enzymatic extracts were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), while the speciation analysis was performed by ion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS). The main factors affecting the enzymatic extraction process were evaluated in NIST SRM-1568a rice flour. The optimum extraction conditions were 500 mg of sample, 50 mg of protease XIV, and 25 mg of alpha-amylase in aqueous medium during 40 min at 37 degrees C. The extraction recoveries of total As and Se reached 100 +/- 3 and 80 +/- 4%, respectively. The species stability study during the MAEE process did not show transformation of the target species in rice products. The results of As speciation obtained for SRM-1568a were in agreement with previous studies of As speciation performed on the same reference material. The proposed method was applied to the determination of As and Se species in rice and rice-based cereals. Arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and selenomethionine (SeMet) were the predominant species identified in rice products.
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PMID:Simultaneous extraction of arsenic and selenium species from rice products by microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction and analysis by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. 1930 14

Treatment of xerostomia would benefit from development of a functional implantable artificial salivary gland. Salivary gland tissue from surgical patients was assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry to establish the phenotype of normal salivary gland cells including the native basement membranes. Ductal and acinar cells were identified in tissue and cultured cells from dispersed tissue. High levels of laminin and perlecan/HSPG2 (heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2) were noted in basement membranes, and perlecan also was secreted and organized by cultured acinar populations, which formed lobular structures that mimicked intact glands when cultured on Matrigel or a bioactive peptide derived from domain IV of perlecan. On either matrix, large acini-like lobular structures grew and formed connections between the lobes. alpha-Amylase secretion was confirmed by staining and activity assay. Biomarkers, including tight junction protein E-cadherin and water channel protein aquaporin 5 found in tissue, were expressed in cultured acinar cells. Cells cultured on Matrigel or domain IV of perlecan peptide organized stress fibers and activated focal adhesion kinase. We report a novel technique to isolate acinar cells from human salivary gland and identify a human peptide sequence in perlecan that triggers differentiation of salivary gland cells into self-assembling acini-like structures that express essential biomarkers and which secrete alpha-amylase.
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PMID:Perlecan domain IV peptide stimulates salivary gland cell assembly in vitro. 1938 72