Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have studied the in vitro uptake of gallium-67 by exponentially growing EMT-6 sarcoma cells in long-term tissue culture. In this system, the addition of transferrin to the medium was required before an appreciable cellular uptake of Ga-67 occurred. The transferrin effect was complex, with an initial stimulation to a peak cell-to-medium ratio of 8--10:1 at low concentrations of transferrin (0.2 mg/ml), followed by a gradual decline in uptake as transferrin in the medium was increased further. EMT-6 tumor-cell uptake of Ga-67 was probably mediated by a specific cellular receptor for transferrin. Scatchard analysis of the EMT-6 cellular binding of human transferrin labeled with iodine-125 indicated a cellular receptor with affinity for transferrin of 5 X 10(6) l/mole and abundance of 500,000 receptors per cell. Over the experimental range of transferrin concentration in the medium, the observed uptake of Ga-67 was closely correlated with the degree of formation of Ga-67-labeled transferrin and the fraction of transferrin bound to the cellular receptor (N = 69, r = 0.86, p less than 0.0001).
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PMID:A transferrin-mediated uptake of gallium-67 by EMT-6 sarcoma. I. Studies in tissue culture. 54 30

The EMT-6 sarcoma-like tumor of BALB/c mice can be grown as a solid subcutaneous transplantable tumor in vivo or as a monolayer culture in vitro. We have studied the uptake of gallium-67 by this tumor growing subcutaneously on the backs of 6-week-old BALB/c mice. After i.v. administration of Ga-67 citrate, tumor uptakes were as high as any others reported for mouse tumors. Also, for unknown reasons, there was appreciable reduction in tumor uptake with increasing amounts of Ga-67 citrate, even in the microcurie range. Furthermore, when mouse serum is prelabeled with Ga-67 and then injected, the EMT-6 uptake is greater than with Ga-67 administered as citrate (p less than 0.02). We believe that the finding of avid Ga-67 uptake in vivo helps to establish this unique in vivo/in vitro tumor system as a valid experimental model for studies regarding the mechanism of Ga-67 accumulation by neoplastic tissue.
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PMID:A transferrin-mediated uptake of gallium-67 by EMT-6 sarcoma. II. Studies in vivo (BALB/c mice): concise communication. 54 31

The effect of ambient temperature on the thermosensitivity of preoptic neurones was studied in euthermic golden hamsters. At skin temperatures (Tsk) of 20 degrees C, preoptic units were still responsive to hypothalamic temperatures (Thy) below 10 degrees C, while at Tsk = 36 degrees C these neurones became inactive at Thy = 15 degrees C on the average. These studies suggest that thermoreceptive preoptic neurones, influenced by a high activity of cutaneous cold-receptors, are capable of sensing core temperatures even in deep hibernation.
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PMID:Thermosensitivity of preoptic neurones in a hibernator at high and low ambient temperatures. 56 78

A method has been developed for freezing, drying and embedding of unfixed monolayer cultures for electron microscopic autoradiography (EM ARG). Experimental results showed: a) Aclar 33 C was a more suitable substrate than the plastic of petri dishes, b) cultures pressed rapidly against the polished face of a large copper cylinder chilled in liquid nitrogen had better cellular morphology than did cultures dipped in Freon 12 chilled in liquid nitrogen, and c) cultures embedded in Epon alone had finer extracellular ice spaces and lower background grain densities than did cultures embedded in Epon with 1% silicone. This method has been used to evaluate the effect of fixation on the localization of the neurotransmitter, 3H-gamma-aminobutyric acid (3H-GABA), in neurons of dispersed cell cultures. EM ARG results showed that the neuronal cell bodies and vesicle elements were present in similar numbers in both glutaraldehyde fixed and freeze-dried cultures.
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PMID:Freeze-drying of unfixed monolayer cultures for electron microscopic autoradiography. 57 Jan 82

Previous work from this department, concerned with testing the potential thrombogenicity of therapeutic factor IX concentrates, demonstrated that following recalcification of factor IX concentrates thrombin was generated within 3--30 minutes of incubation (Sas el al. 1975). The test developed (known as the TGt 50 test) is a two-stage assay and was thus found to be time consuming, tedious and tended to become inaccurate with long incubation periods and a large number of samples. A semiautomatic version of the test is reported in which the synthetic peptide Bz-ILE-GLU-GLY-ARG-pNA (S-2222) is added to recalcified, diluted factor IX concentrate in the micro-cuvette of a multiple sample recording spectrophotometer. Information can be obtained on (a) the amount of Xa (if any) present prior to recalcification (b) the initial amount of Xa formed and (c) the time taken to activate all factor =X to Xa. Direct graphical interpretation shows a number of qualitative differences between commercial preparations, but by either of the criteria (b) or (c) above, it is possible to place the different products into "activated" and "non activated" groups such that both the Xa generation times and TGt 50 tests identify the same two groups of products. This aggreement also indicates that the TGt 50 test is independent of the intrinsic factor V levels in the various concentrates.
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PMID:Spectrophotometric determination of factor Xa generation in factor IX concentrates. 57 33

The emotional repercussion of STD remains very important. New present clinical aspects and new possibilities of diagnosis are pointed out. Concerning syphilis, the incubation period may be very long, cutaneo-mucous lesions of the secondary period very atypical . Concerning gonorrhea, the incubation period may be long (20 days); female or male asymptomatic forms are frequent: the existence of non-genital localizations is to be known. As to non-gonococcal infections, the frequence of Chlamydiae Tr. etiology is emphasized. Therefore an absolute priority must be given to the laboratory results which make the prescription of epidemiological treatment possible.
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PMID:[Present aspects of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) (author's transl)]. 58 Dec 91

STD are an important public health problem in numerous developing countries. Although satisfactory diagnostic and therapeutic means are available, the incidence of STD is increasing. Among the causes for this are sociological factors, like the weakening of customs and the family unit, and the development of tourism, which stimulates prostitution. There is a marked ignorance of the population in respect to STD. The Senegalese Government, WHO, and the Geneva-based Sandoz Institute launched in 1976 a joint programme of service, training and sesearch. The research aims at developing a preventive approach, especially through health education. While the three centers set up have accomplished good work locally, results are still disappointing from a public health point of view. Weak spots are in particular: - inadequacy of the social and contact-tracing services; -lack of action at the periphery and of integration with primary health care; -lack of coordination with other sectors (including police), and with professionals of various disciplines who should contribute to the socio-economic investigation of the problem. Several groups have recently been created in Senegal to support the project. An evaluation will soon be carried out. Such programmes should be implemented in other countries of the region.
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PMID:[Control of sexually transmitted diseases in Senegal]. 58 50

During the period October 1976 to January 1978, 290 patients were examined for sexually transmitted diseases in three venereal clinics in Khartoum Providence. Clinical and laboratory findings showed that nongonococcal urethritis was the commonest STD in men (35.1%), with gonorrhoea the second commonest (25.9%). Most of the patients with STDs were aged between 20 and 30 years. Of the infected men, 49.3% had acquired their infections from prostitutes.
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PMID:Study of STDs in patients attending venereal disease clinics in Khartoum, Sudan. 58 32

The cutaneous blood flow (mbl), rate of oxygen consumption (Vo2), rectal (Tre) and cutaneous (Tsk) temperatures, and shivering activity were measured in unanthetized male rats during a 2-h exposure to 26, 33, or 5 degrees C 2 wk after selective bilateral hypothalamic microknife cuts. Animals with preoptic-anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) junction cuts 1.5 or 3.0 mm lateral to the midline, as well as parasagittal cuts which separated connections between the PO/AH and medial forebrain bundle exhibited a higher mbl at 26 degrees C than did sham-operated rats. At 5 degrees C the extended (3.0 mm) PO/AH cuts as well as the parasagittal cuts prevented cutaneous vasoconstriction but had no effect on shivering activity; hence Tre was not maintained. None of the cuts demonstrably impaired thermoregulation in the 33 degrees C environment. These results suggest that different sites in the hypothalamus may separately control cold-induced skin vasoconstriction and shivering activity, as well as heat-induced skin vasodilation. It would seem therefore that the integrity of the PO/AH is indispensable in rats for cold-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction but not for cold thermogenesis, and also not for heat-induced cutaneous vasodilation.
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PMID:Hypothalamic thermoregulatory pathways in the rat. 59 68

At 43 degrees C (but not at 41 degrees C), organic solvents used to dissolve water-insoluble chemotherapeutic agents become themselves lethal to cells. This finding is not unique to Chinese hamster cells (HA-1); mouse mammary sarcoma cells (EMT-6) behave similarly. The solvent concentrations involved are in the range of those needed to make drug solutions. Hence experiments measuring drug-cell interactions at elevated temperatures must include controls which independently measure solvent effects.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity of commonly used solvents at elevated temperatures. 59 66


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