Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In eight male subjects we studied the effect of different core (esophageal, (Tes 34.9--38.4 degrees C) and muscle (Tm 35.1--39.3 degrees C) temperature on 1) physical performance (time to exhaustion at a standard maximal rate of work, WT), 2) aerobic power (VO2), 3) heart rate (HR), and 4) blood lactate (LA) concentration during exhaustive combined arm and leg exercise. In three subjects the effects at different mean skin temperatures (Tsk 27 and 31 degrees C, respectively) were also studied. Peak VO2 was positively correlated to both Tes (r = 0.88) and Tm (r = 0.91). None of the subjects attained control VO2max at Tes and Tm lower than 37.5 and 38.0 degrees C, respectively. HR was correlated to both Tes (r = 0.97) and Tm (r = 0.95). Different Tsk did not affect peak VO2 and HR at subnormal body temperatures. Pulmonary ventilation was independent of Tes and Tm in all experimental situations. LA was significantly higher at Tes 37.5 degrees C compared to both Tes 34.9 and 38.5 degrees C, respectively. At Tes less than 37.5 degrees C and Tm less than 38.0 degrees C, there was a linear reduction in WT (20%.degrees C-1), peak VO2 (5--6%.degrees C-1), and HR (8 beats.min-1.degrees C-1) with lowered Tes and Tm.
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PMID:Physical performance and peak aerobic power at different body temperatures. 46 4

Thermoregulatory responses of six trained swimmers and five runners to cold and heat were evaluated during 30 min of exercise (60% VO2max) while immersed to the neck in 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C water. Mean oxygen uptake was similar for both groups during all four trials. Changes in metabolic rate during the 8th to 28th min were significantly greater for the runners in 20 degrees C water, and swimmers in 30 and 35 degrees C water. Heart rates, Tsk, delta Tre, Tb, body heat content, and heat storage were dependent on water temperature. Runners were able to attain higher sweat rates than swimmers in 35 degrees C water. Swimmers had significantly greater tissue conductance values in the 35 degrees C exposure. Swimmers thermoregulated better in 20 degrees C water than runners, possibly due to a larger surface area-to-volume ratio, percentage body fat, subcutaneous fat, or improved vasomotor control. Exercise in the heat was better tolerated by runners. Physical training in water does not improve heat acclimatization to the extent of training in air, but does improve cold tolerance.
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PMID:Thermoregulation in swimmers and runners. 46 28

Five male subjects having a wide range of relative body fat, 9.2-20.2%, were studied during total body immersion in water at 25.2 degrees C. The regional surface area of each subject was calculated from anthropometric data utilizing a segmental geometric model. Skin temperatures (Tsk) and regional skin heat loss were measured prior to and during 30 min immersion at 13 sites. During immersion, mean Tsk was 25.9 degrees C and remained significantly higher than the water temperature. A measurable temperature gradient for heat flow was observed from all body segments. Segimental temperature in water ranged from 26.7-25.4 degrees C, being warmest at the neck and coolest at the foot. Heat the flow per regional area was highest in the neck, 187 W/m2, and least at the foot, 12 W/m2. Heat flow from each body region was dependent on regional Tsk. Skinfold thickness was a minor factor in altering regional heat flow in the foot, hand, lower arm, upper arm, thigh, and calf; in the torso, neck, and head regions it was of major importance in detering heat loss.
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PMID:Regional heat loss in resting man during immersion in 25.2 degrees C water. 47 7

Two case reports document airway reobstruction following the use of hemostats by paramedics (EMT-P) to successfully relieve meat impaction of the hypopharynx. In one, the obstruction was the result of local edema and, in the other, there was incomplete removal of the obstruction.
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PMID:Recurrent upper airway obstruction. 49 29

The thermoregulatory responses to 1 h exercise of 14 male (age range 18--65 year) and 7 female (age range 18--46 year) athletes and 4 (3 male and 1 female) non-athletic subjects have been investigated in a moderate environment (Tdb = 21 degrees C, Twb = 15 degrees C and rh less than 50%) and analysed in relation to age, sex, and maximum aerobic power output (VO2max). The maximal sweat loss (Msw max) under the given conditions was closely related (r = + 0.90) to VO2max and for a given relative work load (%VO2max), rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures was the same in all subjects. Sweat loss (Msw) was linearly related to total heat production (H) and to peripheral tissue heat conductance (K) and if expressed in relative terms (%Mswmax) was linearly related to Tre. For a given Tre relative sweat rate was identical in the groups studied. From these results it would seem that during exercise Tre rises to meet the requirements of heat dissipation by establishing a thermal gradient from core to skin and stimulating sweating in proportion to maximal capacity of the system. Thus provided the thermal responses to work were standardised using the appropriate physiological variables, there was no evidence to be found for differences in thermoregulatory function which could be ascribed to sex or age.
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PMID:Thermoregulation during exercise in relation to sex and age. 51 Feb 85

To determine whether the voluntary contractions of exercise interfere with involuntary shivering contractions, four male subjects were each exposed to a 10 degrees C environment for 60 min of rest followed by either another rest period or 30 min of cycleergometer exercise. On different days exercise was performed at zero load, light load, and moderate load. Each experiment was performed twice, resulting in a minimum of eight experiments for each subject. Esophageal temperature (Tes), eight skin temperatures (Tsk), oxygen uptake (VO2), and the integrated electrical activity from a neck muscle (EMG) were continuously monitored. Pedaling flushed cold blood into the body core, causing Tes to fall. The rate and absolute magnitude of the decrease in Tes was proportional to the intensity of exercise. Thermoregulatory VO2 (attributable to shivering) and EMG were inversely related both to Tsk during rest, prior to any changes in Tes, and to Tes during exercise, when Tsk was constant, once shivering thresholds were surpassed. The slope of the thermoregulatory VO2-to-Tes relation was significantly suppressed by increasing exercise intensity. The slope of the EMG-to-Tes relation was similarly suppressed; since the neck muscles are not involved in the additional acitivity of exercise, we concluded that the graded inhibition of shivering during exercise was of central origin rather than from the rhythmic contractions required to sustain exercise.
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PMID:Thermogenic control during exercise in a cold environment. 51 10

A new semiautomated apparatus for hemofiltration has been described. It is a postdilutional hemofiltration system that utilizes the RP-610 dialyzer and is made of standard lines used for hemodialysis, a blood pump and two precise volumetric pumps, Logeais-TEC model, for the ultrafiltrate and for the substitution fluid. The ultrafiltrate compartment of the hemofilter is connected to a manometer for detecting positive or negative pressure. The transmembrane pressure TmP is given only by the pressure on the blood side that is regulated by the screw clamp in the venous line. Once started the whole system may be regulated by this screw clamp in order to maintain zero pressure in the ultrafiltrate compartment, provided that ultrafiltration rate does not exceed 65 ml/min. This system is sufficiently accurate to replace bed scales or any other gravimetric device.
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PMID:A new semiautomated apparatus for hemofiltration. 51 76

Forty-two babies (20 boys, 22 girls) with birthweights from 800g to 2000g and gestational ages between 25 and 40 weeks were followed-up for several weeks with developmental tests and a conventional neurological examination. Here, only the flexion pyramidal signs are evaluated, i. e. downward flexion of the toes after percussion over the base of the metatarsals (Rossolimo's sign) and of the cuboid bone (Mendel-Bechterew's sign). These reflexes are signs of severe upper motor neuron lesion in children and adults, but also appear in normal newborns and disappear again until the 12th week of life. This study shows that the early response of FPS is abduction of the toes and extension of the great toe from the 25th up to the 34th to 36th gestational weeks, when it becomes the normal downward flexion of all toes. This developmental course seems to be the same in healthy preterm babies and in small-for-dates babies.
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PMID:Development of flexion pyramidal signs in preterm infants. 52 Jun 96

The incidence of echocardiographically determined pericardial effusion was assessed in the early postmanual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) period in a group of patients resuscitated by advanced emergency medical technicians (EMT-P) from the Rescue Division of the Tampa Fire Department. The survival rate from out-of-hospital sudden death is comparable to that reported in other series. Twenty-six survivors of out-of-hospital sudden death had echocardiograms performed an average of 2.5 days (range 0-10) postCPR to determine the amount of pericardial effusion. Eight of the 26 (31%) patients had received intracardiac drugs during CPR administered by the EMT-Ps when physician-directed by radio. Of the 26, three (12%) were found to have very minimal pericardial effusions; all deemed insignificant. All three had alternate explanations for physiological or pathological causes of their effusions. One had received intracardiac drugs, but the pericardial effusion could be explained by congestive cardiomyopathy. Another had congestive cardiomyopathy, and the third had sustained a severe steering wheel injury to the chest. Thus, manual CPR with or without the use of intracardiac drugs does not appear to cause significant pericardial effusions in survivors of sudden cardiac death.
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PMID:Echocardiographic incidence of pericardial effusion in patients resuscitated by emergency medical technicians. 53 75

Before and after heat acclimation, four male resting subjects were exposed to humid heat that caused levels of skin wettedness ranging from 50 to 100%. The physical experimental conditions were chosen so that the same skin wettedness was attained with modification of only the ambient water vapor pressure, at two wind speeds (0.6 and 0.9 m . s-1). The esophageal temperature (Tes), mean skin temperature (Tsk), sweating rate (msw), and dripping sweat rate (mdr) were recorded; the amounts of local drippage in the same thermal conditions before and after acclimation were also determined. The relationship between the evaporative efficiency of sweating (eta sw) and the skin wettedness (w) is reported, as is the influence of the subject's acclimation to humid heat on adjustments of skin wettedness. The effects of the air velocity on the coefficient of evaporation and on sweating efficiency are discussed. Beneficial increases in evaporation were achievable by increasing skin wettedness only when there was a consistent drippage, which differed from one body area to another and from one subject to another. The relation of drift in body temperature to skin wettedness changed with the acclimation of the subjects.
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PMID:Influence of air velocity and heat acclimation on human skin wettedness and sweating efficiency. 53 89


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