Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1038 patients of different age groups and clinical conditions attending three large hospitals in Ibadan between August 1977 and December 1978 were screened for group B streptococcal carriage. 132 (12.7%) of these patients were found to be colonized by this organism. A breakdown of the colonization rates was: in women--19.3% during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, 17.6% during labour (third trimester) and 19% among STD patients; in adult males--9% among STD patients and nil among patients without STD; in newborns--4.7%. Type III was found most frequently (56.1%)) and there was a high incidence of R and X strains and of strains with only Ic protein. Type Ia streptococci were sensitive to penicillin G, ampicillin, erythromycin and cephalothin. Only 74.2% of the strains were sensitive to tetracycline.
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PMID:Group B streptococcal carriage in Nigeria. 700 89

TEM beta-lactamase variants with the amino acid substitutions R164S, E104K, G238S, and E240K (ABL numbering) display increased activity toward extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The T265M substitution is frequently found to be associated with the above substitutions in extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. However, the residue is located away from the active site in the three-dimensional structure and has been assumed to have no effect on catalysis. To examine the effect of the substitution on the structure and function of TEM beta-lactamase we constructed the following mutants: G238S, T265M, T265M:G238S, and T265M:G238S:E240K. Each enzyme was purified to homogeneity and the kinetic parameters kcat, Km and kcat/Km were determined for cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cephaloridine, and ampicillin. The results indicate that the T265M mutation has little effect on hydrolysis. In addition, we used immunoblotting to show that the substitution has little or no effect on the in vivo steady-state levels of beta-lactamase.
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PMID:Effect of threonine-to-methionine substitution at position 265 on structure and function of TEM-1 beta-lactamase. 784 May 55

The antibiotic susceptibility, serovars and auxotypes were investigated in gonococcal strains isolated from all patients with gonorrhoea during one year in Stockholm, Sweden. The results were correlated to geographical origin of the infection. A total of 394 gonococcal strains were isolated from 392 patients, 135 (34%) women and 257 (66%) men. Beta-lactamase-producing gonococcal strains (PPNG) were isolated from 5% of the women and 16% of the men. Men had acquired their infection abroad more often than women (54% vs 33%) (P < 0.001). The majority (81%) of the PPNG infections were imported. Some serovars and auxotypes were more common among imported strains than among indigenous ones. All strains were sensitive to spectinomycin and 2 strains had decreased susceptibility to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Decreased susceptibility to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, doxycycline and cefuroxime was related to the geographical origin of the strains with strains imported from regions other than Europe being the most resistant.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Antibiotic susceptibility, serovars and auxotypes of gonococcal isolates in Stockholm. Relation to geographical origin of the infection. 842

An evaluation of the clinical management of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) conducted in 1997 at two regional and four district hospitals in Ghana's Central Region revealed vast procedural inconsistencies and errors. The analysis was based on a review of the case notes of 208 women hospitalized with PID in 1996 and interviews with 25 hospital clinicians. 19 clinicians (76%) treated their PID patients empirically since laboratory facilities were unavailable or expensive. Overall, 20 antibiotics were prescribed in 62 different regimens. A mean of 2.9 antibiotics was prescribed per patient. Metronidazole, gentamicin, amoxycillin, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, and tetracycline were the most frequently supplied antibiotics, while the recommended antigonococcal antibiotics ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were rarely offered. Moreover, regimens were prescribed for shorter durations (average, 7 days) than recommended. Condom promotion, partner notification, and partner treatment were rarely offered. Only 99 women (48%) were scheduled for a follow-up visit after hospital discharge. 56% of clinicians were unaware of national PID treatment guidelines and only 32% had received in-service training in sexually transmitted disease management. These findings indicate an urgent need for standardization of PID case management, a greater emphasis on partner notification and condom promotion, and more widespread distribution of and in-service training on the national PID guidelines.
Int J STD AIDS 1998 Jul
PMID:The management of pelvic inflammatory disease in the Central Region of Ghana is not standardized. 969 97

A pCb plasmid encoding a beta-lactamase from Haemophilus ducreyi was transferred to Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. The beta-lactamase could be isolated from a culture filtrate and further purified by ammonium sulfate and chelating Sepharose fast flow loaded with Zn(2+). The purified enzyme resulted in a major band at approximately 30-kDa on SDS-PAGE and its pI was determined to be 5.4. The beta-lactamase could hydrolyze both penicillin antibiotics including ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, and carbenicillin as well as cephalosporin antibiotics including nitrocefin, cephalothin, cephaloridine, and cefoperazone. However, benzylpenicillin was the best substrate. The enzyme activity was inhibited by clavulanic acid but not by boric acid, cefotaxime, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The sequence of the beta-lactamase gene was also determined. It confirmed that the enzyme belonged to a class A beta-lactamase which had 99% identity to the ampicillin resistance transposon Tn3 of pBR322. Two nucleotides were different between the E. coli (Tn3) and H. ducreyi (pCb) genes that affected the amino-acid sequence. The valine at position 82 (ABL 84) was changed to isoleucine and the alanine at position 182 (ABL 184) was changed to valine. Genetic homogeneity among beta-lactamases is remarkable. Amino acid sequencing of some beta-lactamases has shown that substitution of only a few amino acids in the bla gene leads to high-level resistance against specific cephalosporins.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of a beta-lactamase from Haemophilus ducreyi in Escherichia coli. 1157 Aug 57

Eleven beta-lactam antibiotics were analyzed in fortified and incurred beef kidney tissue using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/selective reaction monitoring-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-SRM-MS(n)). The analytes included: deacetylcephapirin, amoxicillin, cephapirin, desfuroylceftiofur cysteine disulfide (DCCD, a biomarker of ceftiofur), ampicillin, cefazolin, Pen G, oxacillin, cloxacillin, naficillin and dicloxicillin. Analytes were extracted with acetonitrile and water. Clean-up was performed by solid-phase extraction. Limits of confirmation in fortified tissue are as follows (tolerances or target levels in parentheses): deacetylcephapirin: 10-50 ng/g (100 ng/g); amoxacillin: 50-100 ng/g (10 ng/g); cephapirin: 10 ng/g (100 ng/g); DCCD: 500 ng/g (8000 ng/g); ampicillin: 10 ng/g (10 ng/g); cefazolin: 10 ng/g (10-50 ng/g); Pen G: 10 ng/g (50 ng/g); oxacillin: 10 ng/g (10-50 ng/g); cloxacillin: 10 ng/g (10 ng/g); naficillin: 10 ng/g (10-50 ng/g); dicloxacillin: 100-500 ng/g (10-50 ng/g). The present method was also tested on incurred kidney tissue that had previously been analyzed using a microbial assay. Good correspondence was found between the results from this new method and the bioassay. However, the present method is much more specific and, in several cases, more sensitive than the bioassay. In addition, the time of analysis is significantly shorter than the bioassay. We also found that SRM MS(n) was superior in the analysis of unknown incurred tissue than full spectrum MS(n). We also obtained an MS/MS spectrum of DCCD that is significantly at variance with previously published fragmentation spectra.
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PMID:Confirmatory analysis of beta-lactam antibiotics in kidney tissue by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization selective reaction monitoring ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. 1266 Oct 18

The interaction of a moenomycin derivative with the enzyme penicillin binding protein 1b (PBP 1b) has been studied by means of STD NMR. The results obtained initiated the synthesis of a number of moenomycin derivatives modified in unit A including a moenomycin-ampicillin conjugate and determination of their antibiotic activities. A protocol is described that allows studying the interaction of moenomycin analogues with PBP 1b by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
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PMID:Studies on the interaction of the antibiotic moenomycin A with the enzyme penicillin-binding protein 1b. 1278 66

Milk collected at 12-h intervals throughout 6 days from three groups of Manchega ewes (n = 12 per group), treated intramuscularly with beta-lactams (benzyl penicillin procaine, ampicillin, and amoxicillin, respectively), was evaluated for antibiotic residue persistence with four microbial inhibitor tests (BRT MRL, CH ATK P&S, Delvotest SP, and Eclipse 100ov) and one enzymatic test (Penzym 100). Antibiotic depletion time was established using a logistic regression model. A clear effect (P < 0.0001) of milking order on the response of all tests was observed with the three antibiotics, but no significant effects were found for milk yield. Except with Eclipse 100ov, positive tests were observed after the recommended withdrawal period of benzyl penicillin procaine (five milkings) from 2% (Delvotest SP) to 11% (CH ATK P&S). There were almost no positive responses beyond the withdrawal period (six milkings) of ampicillin, except for the Penzym 100 test (7%). Residues of amoxicillin were found to persist beyond the six milkings established as the withdrawal period, from 2.8% (Eclipse 100ov) to 72.4% (CH ATK P&S) of positive cases. Higher frequencies of doubtful cases were found with BRT MRL and Delvotest SP assays with the three beta-lactams. Positive and doubtful results could be obtained when milk samples from individual ewes were analyzed using BRT MRL, CH ATK P&S, Delvotest SP, and Penzym 100 tests, even if farmers follow the antibiotic withdrawal periods.
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PMID:Performances of antibiotic screening tests in determining the persistence of penicillin residues in ewe's milk. 1462 89

STDs are a significant public health problem in Brazil. A primary control strategy is the immediate treatment of symptomatic individuals. When services are unavailable, STD patients seek care in alternative settings. Probably the most frequently used settings are commercial pharmacies, where pharmacy clerks provide treatment, although Brazilian law prohibits selling antibiotics without prescription. Our objective was to evaluate prescribing practices by pharmacy clerks for STDs. We performed a cross-sectional study. Trained medical students visited 62 pharmacies in the city of Porto Alegre during March 2002. These were randomly chosen from a list of 863 registered pharmacies. The students presented to the pharmacy complaining of dysuria and urethral discharge. After obtaining a prescription, or not, they asked for additional instructions to be followed. Immediately after leaving the premises, the instructions were anonymously recorded. Of the 62 pharmacies visited, a clerk in 56 (90.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 80.1%-96.4%) provided a prescription. Most frequently prescribed drugs were ampicillin with probenecide (29/51.8%) and rosoxacin (11/19.6%). Ministry of Health-recommended treatment was not suggested by any of the clerks. Forty-six additional recommendations were given. The use of condoms was the most frequent additional advice (42/46). Prescribing by pharmacy clerks is very prevalent in Porto Alegre. This may represent a lost opportunity for more comprehensive prevention effort (counselling, partner management, and diagnosing other STDs). Additionally, the most frequently prescribed drugs are not recommended by international or national health authorities for treatment of STDs, and none of these drugs covers chlamydia. We conclude that pharmacy clerks are a potentially important source of STD treatment and control but that their practices are in need of vast improvement.
Int J STD AIDS 2004 May
PMID:Pharmacy clerks' prescribing practices for STD patients in Porto Alegre, Brazil: missed opportunities for improving STD control. 1511 4

We have investigated the resistance of Enterococcus isolated from poultry faeces to antibiotics commonly used as therapy of enterococcal infections. Identification was made by the method of Facklam and Collins. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin and teicoplanin were determined and high level aminoglycoside resistance was investigated. Genes codifying high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) were determined by PCR. Fifty five Enterococcus strains were isolated (63.6% E. faecalis, 12.7% E. mundtii, 9.1% E. faecium, 7.3% E. casseliflavus, 3.7% E. durans and 3.6% E. hirae). None of the strains were resistant to VAN, TEC, P or AM. HLAR was found in 34.5% of strains for SM, 27.3% for KM and 7.3% for GM. The gene for the bifunctional enzyme was found only in one strain, that showed HLAR to GM and KM. Fourteen strains harboured the gene aph(3')-III, being 11 resistant to KM and STR, and three resistant to GM, KM and STR. The remaining six strains showed HLAR to STR, but were negative for the three genes tested by PCR. The gene ant(4'4") was not detected in any of the strains. No unexpected vancomycin resistance was detected. The resistance rates among poultry strains were lower than those found among human strains isolated from hospital patients in recent Canary studies.
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PMID:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus strains isolated from poultry faeces. 1550 Aug 37


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