Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
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The lowest possible sample weight for performing multielemental trace element analysis on environmental and biological samples by ICP-MS has been investigated. The certified reference materials Bovine Liver NIST SRM 1577b, Human Hair NCS DC 73347 and Oriental Tobacco Leaves CTA-OTL-1 were applied at sample weights (1, 5, 20 and 50 mg aliquots, n = 10) which were significantly lower than those recommended with most recoveries in the range of 95-110%. Samples were digested in a mixture of nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen fluoride by closed-vessel microwave digestion. Multielemental analysis was performed with an optimized ICP-QMS method. Aqueous standard solutions were applied for external calibration with rhodium as the internal standard element. The detection limits varied between 0.02-0.38 microg/g for Li, Na, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, Ba and Pb, and up to 1.92 microg/g for Mg, Al, Ca, Fe and Ni. Digested human plasma samples were spiked with multielemental solution (0.5-10 microg/L) to test the analytical method and the recoveries were 95-105% for most analytes. Our results show that in the case of homogeneous SRMs it is possible to use them in very low amounts (1-5 mg) for method development and quality control.
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PMID:Multielemental analysis in small amounts of environmental reference materials with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 1122 66

The possibilities for universal calibration based on multi-element aqueous standard solutions and graphite laboratory reference materials (graphite standards) for the electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric (ETV ICP OES) determination of Al, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn in plant materials were investigated. A commercially available state-of-the-art ETV device was coupled with an Echelle ICP spectrometer equipped with a charge-injection-device (CID) camera for spectral detection. The transition area between transport tube and ETV graphite tube and the gas streams for inner gas, bypass gas, and modifier gas were optimized to achieve best transport efficiencies. The influence of four gaseous modifiers (CCl4, CHCl3, CCl2F2, and C3H8) added to the inner gas was studied. Five reference materials (RM P-Alfalfa, Lucerne; NIES CRM No.9 "Sargasso"; CTA-VTL-2 Virginia Tobacco Leaves; NIST SRM 1515 Apple Leaves; IAEA-V-10 Hay Powder) were used for method validation. If certified reference materials are not available, calibration against graphite standards or dried aqueous standard solutions is possible. Three carbonization procedures as sample pretreatment for the plant materials were investigated.
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PMID:Calibration possibilities and modifier use in ETV ICP OES determination of trace and minor elements in plant materials. 1946 19

A dry ashing procedure is developed for the determination of As in organic rich matrices such as wheat flour, lichen and tobacco leaves. The volatility of As during dry ashing is avoided by the addition of palladium nitrate [Pd(NO(3))(2)]. The recovery of both As(III) and As(V) is found to be near quantitative. The residue after dry ashing is dissolved in nitric acid (HNO(3)) and analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The process blank and limit of detection (LOD) are 11 and 6.6 ng g(-1), respectively. The procedure is applied for the determination of As in certified reference materials namely wheat flour NIST SRM 1567a (National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material), lichen BCR CRM 482 (Institute for Reference Materials, European Commission) and Virginia tobacco leaves CTA-VTL-2 (Poland Academy of Sciences). The results obtained by the present procedure are in good agreement with the certified values and also determined after complete dissolution of samples using closed microwave digestion.
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PMID:Dry ashing of organic rich matrices with palladium for the determination of arsenic using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. 2011 10

Pre-evaluation of donors prior to surgery of living donated liver transplantation is one of the challenging applications that computer aided systems are needed. The precise measurement of liver volume requires effective segmentation procedures, while three dimensional rendering of the segmented data provides demonstrative information to radiologists and surgeons before surgery. The Insight Toolkit provides effective algorithms for segmentation, which are also optimized for high computational performance and processing time. Furthermore, An ITK pipeline can be combined with a VTK pipeline, so that the result of segmentation can be represented directly in 3-D using VTK. Therefore, there is an on-going trend for developing ITK/VTK based systems. This study presents quantitative and qualitative performance evaluation of two effective ITK algorithms on segmentation of liver from CTA data sets.
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PMID:Semi-automatic segmentation methods for 3-D visualization and analysis of the liver. 2516 Mar 66