Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

alphabeta1 integrins have been implicated in the survival, spreading, and migration of cells and tissues. To explore the underlying biology, we identified conditions where primary beta1 null keratinocytes adhere, proliferate, and display robust alphavbeta6 integrin-induced, peripheral focal contacts associated with elaborate stress fibers. Mechanistically, this appears to be due to reduced FAK and Src and elevated RhoA and Rock activities. Visualization on a genetic background of GFPactin shows that beta1 null keratinocytes spread, but do so aberrantly, and when induced to migrate from skin explants in vitro, the cells are not able to rapidly reorient their actin cytoskeleton toward the polarized movement. As judged by RFPzyxin/GFPactin videomicroscopy, the alphavbeta6-actin network does not undergo efficient turnover. Without the ability to remodel their integrin-actin network efficiently, alphabeta1-deficient keratinocytes cannot respond dynamically to their environment and polarize movements.
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PMID:A role for alphabeta1 integrins in focal adhesion function and polarized cytoskeletal dynamics. 1296 61

The abilities of various extractants to recover four arsenic species [As(iii), As(v), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA)] from soils spiked with 20 micro g g(-1) As were investigated. The extractants were water, buffer solutions (citrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate), acidic solutions (phosphoric acid and acetic acid), a basic solution (sodium hydroxide) and household chemicals (vinegar and Coca Cola). Gentle shaking at room temperature with each extractant for 24 h gave different recoveries for the different arsenic species. With 0.1 M NaOH solution 46% As(iii), 53% DMA, 100% MMA and 84% As(v) were recovered. A rapid extraction procedure using a sonicator probe has been developed to obtain higher extraction efficiencies. Extracts of arsenic-spiked soil, SRM 2711 Montana soil and SRM 2709 San Joaquin soil were analyzed by HPLC-ICP-MS. In the SRM water extracts, DMA and MMA were identified in addition to inorganic arsenic. The solution detection limits (3s) were 0.1, 0.12, 0.13 and 0.15 ng mL(-1) for As(iii), DMA, MMA and As(v), respectively for HPLC-ICP-MS.
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PMID:Extraction of arsenic species from spiked soils and standard reference materials. 1528 14

The size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was determined for airborne particles from a large city with high vehicular traffic. The analytical method was optimised and validated using NIST standard reference material (SRM 1649a Urban Dust). The 16 priority PAH listed in the US-EPA were Soxhlet-extracted from filtered particulate matter and then fractionated using on-column chromatography. The aromatic fraction was quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Real samples of particles collected in Seville (Spain) were analysed using the validated method. Values for the total concentration of PAH in the air, as well as the concentrations of each PAH in six particle-size ranges were obtained. Values of the PAH in TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were assessed.
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PMID:Particle-size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air in southern Spain. 1568 57

Blast phase (BP) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) frequently is accompanied by cytogenetic abnormalities in addition to t(9;22)(q34;q11.2). We describe 5 patients with CML in blast phase (CML-BP) in which t(9;22) and inv(16)(p13q22) were identified by conventional cytogenetics, with confirmation of BCR-ABL and CBFss-MYH11 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The morphologic findings at the time of BP resembled de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carrying inv(16)(p13q22), with abnormal eosinophils in the bone marrow and monocytosis in the peripheral blood in all cases. In 1 patient, inv(16)(p13q22) and abnormal eosinophils were detected in the bone marrow 2 months before CML-BP. The clinical course of these patients was similar to patients with CML-BP without evidence of inv(16)(p13q22). These cases illustrate that inv(16)(p13q22) is a form of cytogenetic evolution that rarely occurs in patients with CML at the time of BP. In this setting, unlike de novo AML, inv(16)(p13q22) in CML-BP is not associated with a favorable prognosis.
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PMID:inv(16)(p13q22) in chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast phase: a clinicopathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular study of five cases. 1620 87

Evidence suggests that maternal cell-mediated immunity is suppressed during pregnancy and that failure to suppress immune responses can result in partial or total rejection of the fetus. The molecular events associated with suppression of maternal T-cell activation mediated by circulating pregnancy-associated 14 kDa zeta inhibitor protein (ZIP) were defined in women with and without histories of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Using cDNA microarray analysis, ZIP modulations of specific genes associated with T-cell activation signaling were defined. Alterations of defined components were confirmed at the protein level using chromatographically purified ZIP from normal pregnancies versus analogous material from women experiencing RPL. Based on microarray analyses, ZIP from normal pregnancies induced an increase (> or =2-fold) in the expression of 19 genes and a decrease (> or =2-fold) in 15 genes, when incubated with cultured T-cells. In contrast, when T-cells were incubated with analogous material from RPL or non-pregnant controls, no significant differences were observed in the expression of these genes. At the protein level, ZIP from normal pregnancies induced decreases in CD3-zeta (2.36-fold), JAK3 (2.41-fold), STAT5 (1.85-fold), and NF-kappaB (4.24-fold) and a 2.05-fold increase in SOCS2 (all at p<0.001 compared to RPL and non-pregnant controls). The suppressive effects of Zip can lead to the failure of T-cell production of Th1 cytokines, such as IL-2. The 14 kDa circulating ZIP from normal pregnancies suppressed components within the JAK/STAT pathway and induced suppressors of cytokine stimulation, SOCS2.
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PMID:Pregnancy-linked suppression of TcR signaling pathways by a circulating factor absent in recurrent spontaneous pregnancy loss (RPL). 1636 45

With the emergence of highly sensitive analytical techniques, the microanalysis of natural-matrix materials employing smaller sample sizes is increasingly more common, which subsequently warrants a homogeneity assessment for the individual components at the appropriate sampling level. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been used to determine the sampling constants and evaluate the relative homogeneity of trace levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for two previously certified particulate standard reference materials, SRM 1649a Urban Dust and SRM 1650b Diesel Particulate Matter, in the milligram sampling range. Fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene and benzo[e]pyrene within SRM 1650b Diesel Particulate Matter were deemed to be homogeneous, based on relatively small sampling constants (K (S)<100 mg), whereas the larger sampling constants (K (S)>100 mg) obtained for all PAHs in SRM 1649a Urban Dust suggest more material heterogeneity. The material heterogeneity of ten individual PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene) was also described via nonlinear relationships (i.e., power law) between subsampling error S (s) (%) and sample mass, which are used to predict analyte-specific minimum sample masses that result in a specific level of analytical uncertainty.
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PMID:Microheterogeneity evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate standard reference materials. 1689 30

Gas chromatographic analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been evaluated in an attempt to achieve better control of the separation process, especially for highly substituted congeners. Use of a narrow-bore capillary column enabled adequate determination of tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona and decaBDE congeners in only one chromatographic run while maintaining resolution power similar to that of conventional columns. A micro electron-capture detector (GC-microECD) was used. Chromatographic conditions were optimized by multifactorial experimental design, with the objective of obtaining not only high sensitivity but also good precision. In this way two different approaches to maximizing response and minimizing variability were tested, and are fully discussed. These optimum chromatographic conditions were then used to determine PBDEs extracted from domestic dust samples by microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MASE). Quantitative recovery (90-108%) was achieved for all the PBDEs and method precision (RSD < 13%) was satisfactory. Accuracy was tested by use of the standard reference material SRM 2585, and sub-ng g(-1) limits of detection were obtained for all compounds except BDE-209 (1.44 ng g(-1)). Finally, several samples of house dust were analysed by use of the proposed method and all the target PBDEs were detected in all the samples. BDE-209 was the predominant congener. Amounts varied from 58 to 1615 ng g(-1) and the average contribution to the total PBDE burden of 52%. The main congeners of the octaBDE mixture (BDE-183, BDE-197, BDE-207 and BDE-196) also made an important contribution (29%) to the total. These are the first data about the presence of these compounds in European house-dust samples. Finally, the sum of the main congeners in the pentaBDE commercial mixture (BDE-47, BDE-99, and BDE-100) contributed 14% to the total. Figure Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in House Dust.
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PMID:Factorial-design optimization of gas chromatographic analysis of tetrabrominated to decabrominated diphenyl ethers. Application to domestic dust. 1754 61

This work describes an efficient, fast, and reliable analytical methodology for mercury determination in urine samples using stripping chronopotentiometry at gold film electrodes. The samples were sonicated in the presence of concentrated HC1 and H2O2 for 15 min in order to disrupt the organic ligands and release the mercury. Thirty samples can be treated over the optimized region of the ultrasonic bath. This sample preparation was enough to allow the accurate stripping chronopotentiometric determination of mercury in the treated samples. No background currents and no passivation of the gold film electrode due to the sample matrix were verified. The samples were also analyzed by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) and good agreement between the results was verified. The analysis of NIST SRM 2670 (Toxic Metals in Freeze-Dried Urine) also validated the proposed electroanalytical method. Finally, this method was applied for mercury evaluation in urine of workers exposed to hospital waste incinerators.
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PMID:Fast ultrasound-assisted treatment of urine samples for chronopotentiometric stripping determination of mercury at gold film electrodes. 1772 25

In order to propose a versatile method to use in laboratories devoted to environmental analysis, a scheme for the determination of organochlorine pesticides from different solid matrices is evaluated. Pressurized liquid extraction is chosen as the sample preparation technique, followed by the purification of the extract by means of solid-phase extraction with Envi-carb cartridge (100 m(2)/g). Finally, the extracts are analyzed by programmed temperature vaporization (PTV)-gas chromatography (GC)-electron-capture detection and PTV-GC-mass spectrometry. The suitability of the method for the analysis of different matrices is determined by the extraction and analysis of four certified reference materials of solid matrices: CRM 804-050 (soil), SRM 1941b (organics in marine sediment), SRM 1944 (New York/New Jersey waterway sediment) and SRM 1649a (Urban Dust). Good statistical concordance between the results obtained and the certified or reference concentration are observed for most of the analyzed pesticides.
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PMID:Pressurized liquid extraction of organochlorine pesticides from certified solid materials. 1772 63

Eight polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners of primary interest to the US EPA were separated using reverse-phase liquid chromatography on an octadecylsilane column. BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209 were baseline-resolved under isocratic conditions in 92:8 methanol/water (v/v). Negative-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (NI-APPI) with a toluene dopant produced precursor ions corresponding to [M-Br+O](-) for the eight congeners studied. Each congener was quantified by tandem mass spectrometry through a unique multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition. On-column limits of detection were between 2.4 and 27.8 pg for the eight congeners studied, with an intra-day method precision of 9%. The LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS method was validated for the analysis of the eight PBDE congeners in NIST SRM 2585 (Organics in House Dust). Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with subsequent LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS analysis afforded quantitative recovery for all eight PBDE congeners with recoveries ranging from 92.7 to 113%. The liquid-phase separation of the LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS method is not prone to the thermal degradation issues that plague splitless GC based analyses of highly brominated PBDEs such as BDE-209.
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PMID:Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by liquid chromatography with negative-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS): application to house dust. 1850 59


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