Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) assessments in spinal disease offer the potential of outcome measures that better represent patients' disability and response to treatment. The Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) is a generic HRQoL questionnaire that has been extensively used in primary and secondary care, but before it can be routinely applied in patients with spinal disease must be validated against traditional specific measures of physical and mental morbidity. Patients with lumbar disc prolapse, lumbar canal stenosis, and cervical spondylotic radiculomyelopathy were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) and condition-specific questionnaires including the Roland Morris Disability Score (RMDS), Myelopathy Disability Index (MDI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS), were completed alongside the SF-36 survey at baseline and following surgery. Convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity were assessed by computing correlations between the specific and generic scores. In addition, responsiveness (Standardised Response Mean, SRM) and floor and ceiling effects were examined. Data from 1623 assessments of 620 patients were available. Convergent validity was shown by strong correlations between condition-specific physical scores (MDI or RMDS) and the Physical Function and Bodily Pain domains of SF-36 (rho = -0.52 to -0.76, all p < 0.01). VAS for leg or arm pain were also strongly correlated with Bodily Pain domain scores (rho = -0.54 to -0.77, all p < 0.01). Discriminant validity was confirmed by non-significant partial correlations between Physical Function and Mental Health SF-36 domains when controlled for HADS scores (r = -0.01 to 0.02, p > 0.05). Predictive validity was demonstrated by similar correlations between pre- and post-operative scores for specific and generic instruments. Physical Function, Bodily Pain, and Mental Health domains were all free of significant floor or ceiling effects and showed moderate to good responsiveness (SRM 0.54-1.72). SF-36 domain scores are valid for measuring morbidity and surgical outcomes in common spinal disorders.
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PMID:The Short Form 36 health survey in spine disease--validation against condition-specific measures. 1963 11

The aim of this work was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Numerical Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11) when used to assess pediatric pain intensity. We performed two studies: 175 schoolchildren, aged 8-12, participated in Study 1 and 63 children undergoing surgery and aged 6-16, participated in Study 2. The NRS-11 showed (a) adequate convergent construct validity when correlated with the Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R; r(1)=0.78, r(2)=0.93); (b) adequate discriminant validity in relation to measures of pain-related affect (z(1)=3.55, z(2)=7.62) and disability (z(1)=7.62, z(2)=6.83); and (c) adequate criterion-related validity using measures of pain-related affect (r(1)=.58, r(2)=.66), disability (r(1)=0.22, r(2)=.39), and quality of life (r(2)=-.46). Schoolchildren were asked whether they preferred using the NRS-11 or the FPS-R when reporting the intensity of their pain. While both sexes and both the younger and older age groups preferred the FPS-R, this preference was more marked among girls and younger children. The NRS-11 has shown an acceptable level of validity for assessing pain intensity in both samples, however, additional research is needed in order to fully clarify the lower age limit in which the NRS-11 can be used.
Eur J Pain 2009 Nov
PMID:Evidence for the use of a numerical rating scale to assess the intensity of pediatric pain. 1976 28

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) incorporates various sexual disorders including hypoactive sexual desire disorder, sexual arousal disorder, orgasmic and sexual pain disorders. Although many strategies have been formulated for the treatment of male sexual problems, FSD remains an area that warrants further research and trial studies to identify the most efficacious treatment options. Research has highlighted numerous pharmacological interventions that have been trialled and found to exhibit positive effects. These include hormonal therapies, prostaglandins, dopaminergic agonists, phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and melanocortin agonists.
Int J STD AIDS 2009 Oct
PMID:Review of drug treatment for female sexual dysfunction. 1981 9

A 28-year-old Japanese man presented with grouped erosions and vesicles on an erythematous base affecting the right areola and the surrounding skin. A Tzanck smear from the vesicle revealed giant cells. An initial clinical diagnosis of mammary herpes simplex was considered but to explore the differential diagnosis, viral DNA was amplified by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method. DNA replication was observed only in varicella zoster virus LAMP mixture, and this confirmed a diagnosis of herpes zoster. The patient was treated with 3000 mg of daily oral valacyclovir for seven days. After antiviral treatment, the lesion had healed and the pain had resolved completely.
Int J STD AIDS 2010 Jan
PMID:Herpes zoster of the nipple: rapid DNA-based diagnosis by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. 1988 58

The genital area in women is covered by a keratinized squamous stratified epithelium outside the body (vulva), and a non keratinized epithelium inside the body (vagina). These characteristics can have an effect on the clinical aspects of the diseases and/or on the choice of the treatment. Symptoms (itching, pain, vaginal discharge), preferential localisation of skin diseases (psoriasis, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis, irritative dermatitis) and the aspect of primary lesions are to be investigated. The implication of this region in sexual activity places it at risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STD's) and dyspareunia. These have numerous causes that have to be sought and taken care of, often by multidisciplinary teams. After a careful history and clinical examination, additional tests allow to exclude infections or confirm a skin condition or neoplasia by a skin biopsy. If contact dermatitis is suspected, specific allergy testing is done. Treatment starts with correction of harmful habits (excessive use of soaps, inappropriate cosmetic products,...) that add to the local irritation. Patients are then reassured of common misconception regarding cancer, STD's and fertility. In the vast majority of cases, the treatment will target an infection (fungal, bacterial, STD's), will relieve irritation by the use of local immunosuppressant drugs (local corticosteroids) and/or relief itching symptoms with anti-histamine drugs.
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PMID:[How to diagnose and how to treat diseases of the genital mucosa?]. 1989 85

Prostate and breast cancer cells preferentially metastasize to bone, whereupon a complex interaction between metastatic tumor cells, osteoclasts, and osteoblasts results in the development of bone lesions that cause significant pain and patient morbidity. For patients with bone lesions, the goals of treatment are to decrease tumor growth, prevent further metastases, and inhibit tumor-associated bone pathology. Preclinical data suggest that SRC, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is an important signaling molecule during the processes of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, tumor growth, and metastasis, and that SRC has a role in hormone receptor signaling and resistance. As such, SRC represents a logical target for the treatment of advanced metastatic prostate or breast cancer. SRC-targeting agents, including dasatinib, saracatinib, and bosutinib, are currently in clinical development for patients with solid tumors. Preliminary data from phase 1/2 trials, including tumor responses and bone-specific activity in patients with prostate or breast cancer, demonstrate that SRC inhibitors have potential in the clinical setting. Data arising from ongoing and future clinical trials will confirm whether SRC inhibitors provide clinical benefits for patients with advanced disease.
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PMID:SRC kinase inhibition: targeting bone metastases and tumor growth in prostate and breast cancer. 2001 94

In the present study, intraplantar carrageenan induced increased mechanical allodynia, phosphorylation of PKB/Akt and GluR1 ser 845 (PKA site) as well as GluR1, but not GluR2 movement into neuronal membranes. This change in membrane GluR1/GluR2 ratio is indicative of Ca(2+) permeable AMPA receptor insertion. Pain behavior was reduced and biochemical changes blocked by spinal pretreatment, but not post-treatment, with a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist, Etanercept (100microg). Pain behavior was also reduced by spinal inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) (wortmannin; 1 and 5microg) and LY294002; 50 and 100microg) and Akt (Akt inhibitor IV; 3microg). Phosphorylated Akt was found exclusively in neurons in grey matter and in oligodendrocytes in white matter. Interestingly, this increase was seen first in superficial dorsal horn and alpha-motor neurons (peak 45min) and later (peak 2h post-injection) in deep dorsal horn neurons. Akt and GluR1 phosphorylation, AMPA receptor trafficking and mechanical allodynia were all TNF dependent. Whether phosphorylation of Akt and of GluR1 are in series or in parallel or upstream of pain behavior remains to be determined. Certainly, TNF-mediated GluR1 trafficking appears to play a major role in inflammatory pain and TNF-mediated effects such as these could represent a path by which glia contribute to neuronal sensitization (spinal LTP) and pathological pain.
Pain 2010 May
PMID:Peripheral inflammation induces tumor necrosis factor dependent AMPA receptor trafficking and Akt phosphorylation in spinal cord in addition to pain behavior. 2020 54

The objective was to identify the degree to which illness perceptions and medication beliefs explain variations in reported adherence to medication prescribed for the treatment of non-malignant chronic pain and to test the applicability of an extended version of the self-regulatory model to the chronic pain population. A cross-sectional design included 217 clinic patients completing validated questionnaires assessing their illness perceptions, medication beliefs and reported adherence to medication. Perceptions of illness (pain) as chronic, uncontrollable and unremitting were associated with greater adherence, fewer medication concerns and a belief that treatment was necessary. Structural equation modelling supports an extended SRM for chronic pain. It suggests that patients holding perceptions of serious consequences of pain and high emotion levels have more concerns about medication and are less adherent. Perceptions of serious illness consequences are also associated with stronger beliefs about the necessity of medicines and greater adherence. Beliefs about illness and medication are associated with adherence to treatment in chronic pain and this can be explained by an extended SRM. Results are preliminary and require replication. Further studies should explore the role that emotion has on coping strategies in chronic pain. Interventions should focus on altering unhelpful beliefs that reduce adherence.
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PMID:Adherence to pharmacological treatment of non-malignant chronic pain: the role of illness perceptions and medication beliefs. 2020 36

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a brief (6-8 sessions) cognitive-behavioral treatment for temporomandibular dysfunction-related pain could be efficacious in reducing pain, pain-related interference with lifestyle and depressive symptoms. The patients were 101 men and women with pain in the area of the temporomandibular joint of at least 3 months duration, randomly assigned to either standard treatment (STD; n=49) or standard treatment+cognitive-behavioral skills training (STD+CBT; n=52). Patients were assessed at posttreatment (6 weeks), 12 weeks, 24 weeks, 36 weeks, and 52 weeks. Linear mixed model analyses of reported pain indicated that both treatments yielded significant decreases in pain, with the STD+CBT condition resulting in steeper decreases in pain over time compared to the STD condition. Somatization, self-efficacy and readiness for treatment emerged as significant moderators of outcome, such that those low in somatization, or higher in self-efficacy or readiness, and treated with STD+CBT reported of lower pain over time. Somatization was also a significant moderator of treatment effects on pain-related interference with functioning, with those low on somatization reporting of less pain interference over time when treated in the STD+CBT condition. It was concluded that brief treatments can yield significant reductions in pain, life interference and depressive symptoms in TMD sufferers, and that the addition of cognitive-behavioral coping skills will add to efficacy, especially for those low in somatization, or high in readiness or self-efficacy.
Pain 2010 Oct
PMID:Brief cognitive-behavioral treatment for TMD pain: long-term outcomes and moderators of treatment. 2065 62

The 240th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, held in Boston, included topics covering new therapeutic research. This conference report highlights selected presentations on (S)-adenosylhomocysteine (AHCY) inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, 2,4-diphenyl-1H-imidazole analogs as cannabinoid CB2 agonists for the treatment of pain, checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and Aurora kinase B as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment, pyridylmethylthio derivatives as VEGFR2 inhibitors, and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) for the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders. Investigational drugs discussed include L-002259713 (Merck & Co), AZD-1480 (AstraZeneca), CYT-387 (YM Biosciences) and ruxolitinib (Incyte).
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PMID:American Chemical Society - 240th national meeting - chemistry for preventing and combating disease: part 2. 2087 83


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