Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary diffuse infiltrative cancer of the large bowel shows poor prognosis. A human rectal cancer cell line, designated as SRM, was established from the metastatic lymph node of a 35-year-old female patient. SRM cells have been cultured with RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and grew as monolayers, showing a tendency to pile up. The doubling time of this cell line was 23.0 hours, and the modal number of chromosomes was 64 at passage 14. The cells produced CA19-9 and TPA in the spent medium and formed tumors in nude mice, the histology of which was similar to that of the primary tumor. CA19-9 in the cytoplasma of the transplanted tumor cells was demonstrated by the ABC method and the c-myc oncogene was amplified in the transplanted tumor in nude mice.
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PMID:[Establishment and characterization of a human rectal cancer cell line, SRM from primary diffuse infiltrating type cancer]. 834 49

Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in human serum were determined by supercritical fluid chromatography on an inert ODS-silica gel column using supercritical carbon dioxide as a mobile phase without a modifier. Chromatograms were obtained by monitoring the eluent simultaneously with an FID and UV detector at the wavelength of 190 nm. The retention behavior of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters was investigated in terms of the density of CO2 mobile phase. The separation mode was found to be reversed phase, as in liquid chromatography. The amounts of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters extracted from human serum reference material (NIST SRM 909) were determined individually using cholesteryl laurate as an internal standard to give good agreement of total cholesterol with the value certified by NIST.
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PMID:Supercritical fluid chromatographic determination of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in serum on ODS-silica gel column. 837 64

In this simple, quick procedure for determining copper in human serum and urine, the serum and urine specimens were analyzed directly after dilution with a solution of HNO3 and Triton X-100, 1 mL/L each. We calibrated with aqueous standards for quantitation in Zeeman background atomic absorption spectrometry. By modifying the drying and pyrolysis stages of the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer, we reduced the analytical time to 30 s per determination. The within-run imprecision (CV) is 2.6% and 3.4% and the between-run imprecision is 0.9% and 2.5% for serum and urine copper at concentrations of 30.4 and 2.70 mumol/L, respectively. The accuracy of this fast method was verified by analyzing the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Materials SRM 1598 bovine serum and SRM 2670 urine (agreement with certified values within 0.1 mumol/L for serum and within 0.02 mumol/L for urine), by analytical recovery studies (98% recovered in serum, 100% recovered in urine), and by comparison with our normal routine method. We also used the Quebec Interlaboratory Comparison Program to validate the analytical performance. From the precision and accuracy studies, we conclude that this fast-furnace program is a rapid, simple, and reliable method for determining copper in serum and urine.
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PMID:Rapid Zeeman atomic absorption determination of copper in serum and urine. 837 70

The use of consensus values in external quality assessment schemes (EQAS) involves several problems and should preferably be replaced with target values obtained by methods of high metrological level. However, such values are difficult to obtain. In the present study we transferred values from the NIST (former NBS) certified reference serum SRM 909 to lyophilized and frozen test sera for various inorganic components using flame absorption or flame emission spectrometry. Enzyme values were assigned by laboratories of members of the former Scandinavian Enzyme Committee. The assignment was based on 2-4 determinations each day through 3 days of experiment. A total of 10 laboratories participated in the work. The results were utilized in a Danish EQAS. One practical concern is the fairly long time (9 months) which was needed for production, collection and compiling all data. To get an impression of how much dry chemistry analysers, e.g, could influence consensus values a Kodak Ektachem 700 XR was studied using lyophilized and frozen sera. The results are reported in the annex. On NIST SRM 909 the values found for sodium(I) were 6% too high even though the findings on frozen human sera were accurate. For aspartate aminotransferase a result three times the target values was found on a human lyophilized serum, while the values on the frozen sera only were slightly too high.
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PMID:A programme for assigning target values for external quality assessment schemes in countries with no authorized reference laboratories. Annex. Experiences with deviating results on Ektachem 700 XR. 846 50

Few natural matrix Standard Reference Materials are available for the validation of analytical methods measuring polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDDs and PCDFs) in marine ecosystems. The concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs in NIST SRM 1945, SRM 1974a, and SRM 1941a are of interest because the analysis of marine mammal, mussel tissues and sediments have become important tools in the determination of organochlorine contamination of the environment. Because these SRMs have been demonstrated to be homogenous for other organic contaminants, they would be expected to be reliable standards for validation of polychlorinated dioxins and furans in marine mammals, mussels and sediments as well.
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PMID:NIST SRM 1945, whale blubber, NIST SRM 1974a, organics in mussel tissue, and NIST SRM 1941a, organics in marine sediment as certified reference materials for polychlorinated dioxins and furans in marine ecosystems. 856 34

An automated gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl acetate in edible oils and fats without derivatization is reported. Interferences from lipid material are avoided by using a continuous system to transesterify triglycerides with potassium methylate in methanol. The precision of the method is 1.9, 2.2 and 3.1% for cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl acetate, respectively. The proposed methods was validated by analysing a standard reference material of coconut oil (SRM 1563-2) with good results. The method features a high throughput, minimal sample handling and analyte specificity (lipid material does not interfere).
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PMID:Gas chromatographic determination of cholesterol and tocopherols in edible oils and fats with automatic removal of interfering triglycerides. 858 31

Homogenization with a flat valve homogenizer in combination with high-speed blending was evaluated for the preparation of slurries suitable for the ETAAS determination of cadmium, copper and lead concentrations in six SRMs and in frozen cervine liver and kidney. Fresh tissue (approximately 2 g) or powdered SRM (approximately 0.1 g) was dispersed, at high speed, in 20 ml of ethanol-water (1 + 9 v/v) containing 0.25% m/m tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The resulting suspension was passed through a high-pressure flat valve homogenizer. Determinations performed on the resulting homogenate, provided estimates for Cd, Pb and Cu concentrations that were within 27, 23 and 18% of the certified values, respectively, for the six SRMs. In all instances, the experimental results did not differ significantly from the certified values. For frozen tissues there was good agreement between the concentrations as determined by slurry homogenization-ETAAS and conventional digestion-ICP-MS. In addition, no significant differences were detected between the slopes of the calibration curves for external standards and standard additions to homogenized sample (SRMs or fresh tissue). Moreover, replicate determinations of analyte concentrations in slurries at various times post-preparation did not detect any segregation of the homogenates during 6 d. For these matrices at least, short-term sample storage had no discernible effect on the analyte apparent concentrations. The applicability of the process was limited only by the levels of contaminating Pb and Cu introduced into the sample by the homogenizer.
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PMID:Slurry preparation by high-pressure homogenization for cadmium, copper and lead determination in cervine liver and kidney by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. 863 93

Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine selenium content in cereals, legumes and dry fruits from the coast of the province of Granada (southeastern Spain). Accuracy was assured using both a NIST SRM 1572 and recovery experiments. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) varied between 6.50% for seeds and 15.98% for bread. The highest selenium concentrations were found for dry fruits (294.6 ng/g), followed by legumes (111.8 ng/g), and the lowest for cereals (27.8 ng/g). Considering the average daily individual consumption of these foods in Andalusia (southern Spain), the daily dietary intake of selenium supplied by this source is 15.36 micrograms/day for an adult. The content of total selenium in corn samples taken from the zone is independent of both human and industrial activities (P > 0.05).
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PMID:Determination of selenium in cereals, legumes and dry fruits from southeastern Spain for calculation of daily dietary intake. 864 54

In order to study environmental pollution in and around a petroleum refinery complex, a multielemental instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) method was used to assay concentrations of As, Ba, Br, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hg, La, Mn, Mo, K, Na, P, Sc, Rb, Se, Sr, W and Zn in the rumen fluid ash samples of buffaloes from the vicinity of the refinery. Corresponding samples from a control area 300 km away from the refinery were analysed. Standard Reference Materials, Bovine liver (SRM 1577a), Oyster tissue (SRM 1566a) and Animal bone (CRM H-5) were also analysed for quality control. Samples were irradiated with thermal neutrons at 10(12)-10(13) n cm-2 s-1 and counted by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. Mean elemental concentrations of As, Ba, Br, Cr, Hg and Fe were found to be enhanced, whereas those of Na, K, Cl, Cu, Mn and P were depleted in samples from the vicinity of the refinery complex compared to controls. The environmental implications of anomalous elemental concentrations are discussed.
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PMID:An evaluation of the environmental implications of petroleum refinery emissions by multielemental neutron activation analysis of rumen fluid ash of buffaloes. 867 73

This study examined a combined treatment for colorectal carcinoma, the dual biochemical modulation therapy, consisting of 5-FU, Leucovorin (LV) and Cisplatin (CDDP). We compared its anti-tumor effects with other treatments: 5-FU alone, CDDP alone and 5-FU with LV. Primary diffuse infiltrated colorectal carcinoma is well known for its biological malignancy and its lack of response to chemotherapy. We used SRM cells from a cell line of carcinoma of the rectum, and subcutaneously injected them into nude mice. The anti-tumor effects were estimated from the growth rate, inhibition rate and thymidylate synthetase inhibition rates in the tumor tissue. Results indicated that even if the concentration of 5-FU and LV were reduced by half, these combined with CDDP were more effective than other therapies. Dual biochemical modulation therapy is particularly promising because the reduction of the dosages would reduce the side effects while still serving as an excellent anti-tumor therapy.
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PMID:[Dual biochemical modulation therapy using 5-FU, leucovorin and cisplatin on human rectal carcinoma xenografts in nude mouse]. 875 2


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