Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Radiation therapy of cervix carcinoma is applied in this Institute by means of a modified Stockholm method in combination with external beam irradiation. In 1968, parametrial portals were replaced by large planparallel opposed fields extending cranially to LIII/LIV with central shielding in order to avoid overdosage in the area of intracavitary treatment. This resulted in a marked increased incidence of severe sigmoid-colon radiation lesions from 0.25% to 4%; predominantly in Stage I and II patients. Therefore two measures have been introduced: beginning in 1972 measures were taken to prevent the cranial displacement of the uterus during intracavitary treatment in order to avoid shortening the distance between the radioactive sources and the sigmoid-colon; from 1972 stereo X ray photogrammetry (SMR) was applied for dose determinations at points of the sigmoid-colon, which were seen to be located close to the applicator. When SRM data indicated that a high dose at the sigmoid-colon might occur, treatment modifications enabled prevention of radiation damage. Change of position of the applicator was the first to be considered. In the last seven years no surgical intervention had to be performed because of a sigmoid-colon lesion resulting from an unexpected high radiation dose delivered by intrauterine sources. The local recurrence rate was not increased following treatment modifications for prevention of sigmoid-colon radiation damage.
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PMID:Stereo X ray photogrammetry applied for prevention of sigmoid-colon damage caused by radiation from intrauterine sources. 710 31

Dry and wet ashing methods have been used in the analysis of garden vegetables for Pb. The reliability of wet ashing has been verified by the method of standard additions. Comparison of dry and wet ashing showed good agreement for a variety of garden vegetables. Sample size was more strictly limited for the wet-ashed samples, which led to lower sensitivity. Vegetable samples are commonly analyzed for a number of trace elements, which introduces additional constraints on sample preparation, notably because of Cd loss on dry ashing. Pretreatment with HNO3/H2SO4 ash aid eliminated Cd loss. Reliability of dry ashing with pretreatment was shown with NBS SRM Orchard Leaves, Pine Needles, Spinach, and Tomato Leaves. The analysis was insensitive to ashing temperature in the range 480-625 degrees C. A practical detection limit for the method is about 2 ppm Pb, dry weight basis (DWB). Care must be exercised to avoid contamination of the sample with lead at this level by improper handling. Segregation and acid washing of glassware and protection of the sample from contact with any object not demonstrably clean was necessary. No evidence was found of Pb contamination at this level from tap water washing of fresh vegetables, forced-air oven drying, or grinding with mortar and pestle. No special clean room facilities or laboratory air purification measures were used. Sensitivity was increased 3-fold by extraction with dithizone in CHCl3 followed by back-extraction into dilute HCl. Detection limits were not improved, however, because of variation in the extraction results. The instrumental method for assessing effective correction for back-ground absorbance showed adequate compensation, although comparison of direct and extractive determinations showed a small but significant difference between the methods of about 1 ppm Pb (DWB).
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PMID:Sample preparation in determination of lead in garden vegetables by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 711 82

A simple and rapid method is described for the determination of lead in foods. The samples are digested in HNO3, HF, and HClO4 and then the lead is determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using an electrothermal atomizer with the L'vov platform. Interferences and ways to improve the precision and accuracy of the analysis were studied. Matrix modification using 1% ammonium phosphate alleviated most interferences encountered. The precision and accuracy of the method was evaluated using NBS SRM 1570 Spinach and SRM 1566 Oyster Tissue. The values obtained are in good agreement with the certified values.
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PMID:Innovations in atomic absorption spectrophotometry with electrothermal atomization for determining lead in foods. 711 9

The transferability of the candidate Reference Method for total serum protein was tested in eight laboratories in the United States and Europe. National Bureau of Standards SRM 927 (bovine serum albumin) was used in each analytical run as the calibration standard. The mean absorptivity value obtained for this material was 0.2983 L g-1 cm-1. Four serum pools prepared at the Centers for Disease Control were analyzed on each of 15 days. Within-run variation of the protein values (expressed as CV) in the eight laboratories ranged from 0.1 to 2.5% and day-to-day (total) variation in six of the laboratories ranged from 0.4 to 1%.
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PMID:A candidate reference method for determination of total protein in serum. II. Test for transferability. 728 15

The objective of this study was to compare the relative responsiveness of a condition-specific spinal stenosis measure and two generic health status measures for outcome assessment of surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, and to examine whether responsiveness statistics and measures of the ability to distinguish clinically important improvement rank the instruments consistently. Physical function and symptom severity scales of the spinal stenosis measure were compared to the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the Roland scale, which is derived from the SIP. Responsiveness was calculated with the standardized response mean, the effect size, and Guyatt's responsiveness statistic. The discriminative ability of the instruments to distinguish patients who improved from those who did not was assessed using satisfaction with surgery as an external criterion. Minimal clinically relevant improvement was estimated using patient satisfaction as the external criterion. All responsiveness statistics revealed the same order of responsiveness; the physical function scale (SRM = 1.07) and symptom severity scales (SRM = 0.96) were more responsive than the Roland scale (SRM = 0.77) which was only slightly more responsive than the SIP (SRM = 0.69). Strikingly, the physical dimension of the SIP (SRM = 0.62) was even less responsive than the global SIP. The shape of and the area under the ROC curves showed that the physical function and symptom severity scales discriminate better between satisfied and unsatisfied patients than the Roland scale and SIP. The sensitivity to detect clinically important changes was somewhat lower at the ends of the scales, especially for the SIP and the Roland scale. Statistical approaches that assess the ability to distinguish clinically important changes and overall responsiveness statistics ranked the measures consistently. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that a condition-specific spinal stenosis measure is preferable as the primary end point in evaluative studies of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.
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PMID:Relative responsiveness of condition-specific and generic health status measures in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. 749 Jun

Four environmentally and biologically important arsenic species, dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), As(III) and As(V) are separated by micellar liquid chromatography. Linear dynamic ranges for the four species are three orders of magnitude and detection limits are in the picogram range with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) detection. This paper discussed in detail the development of the chromatographic conditions. The micellar mobile phase, which consisted of 0.05 M cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, 10% propanol and 0.02 M borate buffer, showed good compatibility with ICP-MS. This method allowed direct injection of urine samples onto the chromatographic system without extensive pretreatment and presented no interference from chlorine in the matrix. Detection limits are comparable with other LC-ICP-MS studies. An SRM urine sample was used to demonstrate the applicability of this technique to "real-life" situations. Results indicated that DMA, MMA and As(V) were present in the urine sample.
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PMID:Arsenic speciation by micellar liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection. 753 27

Development of a new method for the determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) is described. Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to separate Cr(III) and Cr(VI) with on-line detection by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) at 2766 A in preliminary studies, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with single-ion monitoring at m/z 52 and m/z 53 for final work. A mobile phase consisting of ammonium sulfate and ammonium hydroxide was used, and a simple chelation procedure with EDTA was followed to stabilize the Cr(III) species in standard solutions. ICP-MS results indicated the feasibility of using chromium isotope m/z 53 instead of the more abundant m/z 52 isotope due to a high mobile-phase background most significantly from the SO+ polyatomic interference. The absolute detection limits based on peak-height calculations were 40 pg for Cr(III) and 100 pg for Cr(VI) in aqueous media by HPLC-ICP-MS. The linear dynamic range extended from 5 ppb (ng/ml) to 1 ppm (micrograms/ml) for both species. By HPLC-ICP-AES, detection limits were 100 ng for Cr(III) and 200 ng for Cr(VI). Cr(III) was detected in NIST-SRM 1643c (National Institute of Standards and Technology-Standard Reference Material, Trace Elements in Water) by HPLC-ICP-MS at the 20 ppb level.
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PMID:Chromium speciation by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with both inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection. 758 51

Aluminium in liver from reindeer, moose and sheep from the northeast part of Norway was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry following digestion of the samples with nitric acid. The concentration of aluminium in the liver was markedly higher for reindeer than for moose and sheep; the median values obtained were 0.56 microgram g-1 Al (wet wt.) for 101 reindeer, 0.06 microgram g-1 Al for 72 moose and 0.09 microgram g-1 Al for 40 sheep. The detection limit of the method was 0.01 microgram g-1 Al. The NIST SRM 1577a Bovine Liver was also analyzed.
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PMID:Determination of aluminium in liver from reindeer, moose and sheep by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. 764 11

The applicability and usefulness of k0-based reactor neutron activation analysis (NAA) in the life sciences is evaluated from the following examples: 1. Instrumental NAA of NIST SRM 1633a coal fly ash, as a quality assessment; 2. Radiochemical NAA of Versieck's reference human serum, and--herewith associated--the development of practical correction procedures for neutron-induced reaction interferences and of improved methods to evaluate the detection efficiency and the correction for true coincidence; and 3. Determination of the lanthanides in plant leaves and lichens near a Portuguese coal-fired power station, which led to the introduction of the Westcott formalism and to the use of a low-energy photon detector. As concluded, k0-based NAA is at present capable of tackling a large variety of analytical problems when it comes to the multielement determination in environmental and biological matrices.
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PMID:Use of k0-NAA in the life sciences. 771 Aug 27

Vanadium was determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) with proven accuracy in urine of workers occupationally exposed to vanadium-rich dust in a vanadium pentoxide production plant, and values in the range of 3.02-762 ng/mL (median 33.0 ng/mL) were found. In a control group consisting of administrative workers of the plant, urinary vanadium levels were found in the range of 1.05-53.4 ng/mL (median 2.53 ng/mL), whereas in an another control group of occupationally nonexposed persons, these values amounted to 0.066-0.489 ng/mL (median 0.212 ng/mL). Accuracy of the results was tested by analysis of reference material IAEA A-13 Animal Blood and NIST SRM-1515 Apple Leaves, and very good agreement was found with literature and the NIST certified values, respectively. Unlike urine, no significant differences were found for cystine levels in fingernails and hair of exposed and control persons.
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PMID:Vanadium levels in urine and cystine levels in fingernails and hair of exposed and normal persons. 771 Aug 44


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