Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Production of both alginic acid and lipopolysaccharide by a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, SRM-3, was studied in a chemostat system during growth under nutrient-limiting conditions chosen to reflect the chronic growth conditions in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Since mucoid strains have been shown to elaborate extracellular proteases and phospholipase C, nitrogen and phosphate limitation were selected for analysis. A modified alginate-promoting medium containing either 1 mM glutamate or 0.05 mM K2HPO4 as limiting nutrient and doubling times of 1.6 to 15.7 h were used. Under nitrogen limitation, strain SRM-3 produced 1.4 mg of uronic acid per mg (dry weight) of cells at all doubling times studied. However, phosphate limitation resulted in the synthesis of only 0.4 mg of uronic acid per mg (dry weight) of cells. The role of phosphate in alginic acid polysaccharide production was further investigated by using phosphorylcholine, a product of phospholipase C activity on phosphatidylcholine, the major lung surfactant. No only were mucoid cells capable of utilizing phosphorylcholine for growth, but a highly specific interaction occurred among phosphorylcholine, alginate, and whole cells, resulting in greatly enhanced culture viscosity. Electron micrographs showed the gradual formation of a capsule during growth on phosphorylcholine, indicating that the mucoid strain has the ability to utilize surfactant not only as a nutrient source but also for constructing a capsule with greatly enhanced adhesive properties.
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PMID:Phosphorylcholine stimulates capsule formation of phosphate-limited mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 312 46

A unique, recently described rat alveolar macrophage cell line (NR8383) was used to study the interaction of the pulmonary immune system with a mucoid cystic fibrosis isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (SRM-3), its nonmucoid revertant (SRM-3R), and a non-cystic fibrosis isolate (PAO-1). Strain SRM-3 was cultivated in a chemostat system to allow maintenance of an entirely mucoid population. The alveolar macrophage response to the mucoid and nonmucoid strains of P. aeruginosa was determined by visually quantitating phagocytosis in acridine orange-stained monolayers and measuring the induction of an oxidative burst as indicated by chemiluminescence and H2O2 production. In all experiments, fewer than 2% of the NR8383 cells engulfed the mucoid SRM-3 isolate, while SRM-3R and PAO-1 were phagocytized by 15 and 41%, respectively. Opsonization by normal serum (complement) provided minimal phagocytic enhancement of these strains, whereas specific anti-P. aeruginosa antibody slightly elevated phagocytic responses to strains with nonmucoid phenotypes while providing a sevenfold increase in uptake of SRM-3. Chemiluminescent and H2O2 responses were comparable with the levels of phagocytosis observed, with very little or no response to the mucoid strain SRM-3. The data indicate that the strains with mucoid phenotypes are refractile to ingestion and that studies which describe ingestion of mucoid strains were likely measuring ingestion of revertants. Alginic acid (2 mg/ml) was found to inhibit stimulation of macrophage response to the opsonized and unopsonized nonmucoid strain PAO-1.
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PMID:Resistance of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa to nonopsonic phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages in vitro. 314 Dec 84

An improved two-step clean up procedure involving alumina-silica column chromatography and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of air particulate matter (NBS SRM 1648) and river sediment extracts and a GPC clean up procedure for marine biota samples are described for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with two to five rings and selected polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, respectively. Bio-Beads SX-12 and SX-3 were used as packing materials. The recoveries obtained varied from 52 to 78% depending on the compound. Quantitative data for NBS SRM 1648 were comparable with those described previously for this sample.
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PMID:Selective enrichment procedures for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples by gel permeation chromatography. 314 50

We have improved Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometric determination of selenium in serum by using an acidic solution of Ag + Cu + Mg as a matrix modifier and performing the charring step in flowing O2. Under these conditions, we could calibrate serum results with selenium standards in bovine albumin solutions. Mean analytical recovery was 98%, and the CV was 1.8% within runs, 2.9% between runs. Analysis of Reference Materials from the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (SRM 909 and RM 8419) yielded the values of 106 (SD 2.4) and 15 (SD 1.6) microgram/L, respectively, in good agreement with the expected values (106 and 16, respectively). The method--being reliable and relatively simple and rapid--is suitable for use in epidemiological screenings. Mean selenium concentrations in serum sampled from 274 adults in central Italy were 90 (SD 15) microgram/L. For 11-year-old children, these values were lower and showed a tendency to sex-related difference: 82 (SD 9.9) microgram/L for 97 boys, 78 (SD 9.3) microgram/L for 90 girls.
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PMID:Improved determination of selenium in serum by Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry. 333 41

We describe a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of cholesterol in serum. A structural isomer of cholesterol, 7,(5 alpha)-cholesten-3 beta-ol, is used as an internal standard, its primary advantage being its lesser cost relative to that of a stable-isotope-labeled analog. Analysis of the National Bureau of Standards Certified Reference Serum (SRM 909) was used to validate the method. The results show this method to be highly accurate (bias = -0.6%) and precise (CV = 1.6% between-run, 1.2% within-run). The performance of this method is, therefore, sufficiently good to allow its use as a reference method for determinations of cholesterol in serum.
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PMID:Measurement of cholesterol in serum by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry at moderate mass resolution, with a nonendogenous cholesterol isomer as internal standard. 334 4

The measurement of total calcium (CaT) in biological fluids by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) is one of the more accurate yet practical methods available today. With attention to details at every analytical step, the imprecision of FAAS outlined above can be as low as +/- 0.01 mmol/liter at the 2.65 mmol/liter upper reference level of CaT found in the serum of healthy young adults (a CV of 0.4%). The accuracy of FAAS as judged by measurements of NBS/SRM #909, a lyophilized serum material carrying CaT values assigned by isotope dilution mass spectrometry, can be within +/- 1% (recovery of 99-101%) or less in skilled hands. As our brief section on application suggests, FAAS methods for CaT can be adopted to provide rapid and accurate results in many different biological fluids and tissues.
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PMID:Measurement of total calcium in biological fluids: flame atomic absorption spectrometry. 337 81

A highly sensitive radiochemical neutron activation method for the determination of all rare-earth elements (REE) in NBS biological reference materials is described. The materials are irradiated, dissolved in HF/HCl solutions, mixed with scandium and REE carriers (except La, Pr, Nd, Dy, Er), and the resulting solutions evaporated to dryness. The residues are dissolved in HCl and the REE precipitated as fluorides on addition of HF/NH4F solutions. The REE fluorides were collected, dissolved in a nitric/boric acid solution and the radioactivity of the resulting solutions determined by gamma spectrometry. The concentrations of REE in the NBS SRM Spinach, Orchard Leaves, Pine Needles, and Bovine Liver were found to be in the ng/g to microgram/g range. The relative standard deviations are approximately 8%. The results agreed, within experimental errors, with literature values. The distribution patterns of REE in the NBS materials relative to chondritic meteorites resemble the patterns for geological materials.
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PMID:Rare-earth elements in the NBS standard reference materials spinach, orchard leaves, pine needles and bovine liver. 358 59

The determination of ascorbic acid by liquid chromatography (LC) was improved by performing the analysis in the presence of solvents that had been purged with argon to reduce the concentration of oxygen. This methodological modification eliminated the oxidation of ascorbic acid during the chromatographic procedure and reduced the minimum detection level to 1 microgram. Solutions of ascorbic acid have been successfully stabilized for 67 days by addition of dithiothreitol to a deaerated solution of water-acetonitrile (25 + 75 v/v), sealed under argon in amber vials and stored at -20 degrees C. In a second independent study, a procedure for the extraction of ascorbic acid from nonfat dry milk in a single step was developed. The ascorbic acid content of Nonfat Dry Milk (SRM 1549) was determined by LC, using the method of standard additions. The mean ascorbic acid content was 54 +/- 5 micrograms/g of sample. Analysis of variance of the analytical results indicates that there is a significant continual increase in the content of the ascorbic acid in each bottle from first to last sample.
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PMID:Stabilization of ascorbic acid and its measurement by liquid chromatography in nonfat dry milk. 368 Jan 14

The method chosen for this collaborative study is a modification of the AOAC method for As residues, 41.009-41.012. The tissue is dry-ashed overnight at 500 degrees C, and then dissolved in dilute HCl. The solution is diluted and an aliquot is reacted with zinc metal to evolve arsine gas. The gas is trapped in AgDDC solution and As is quantitated at 540 nm. Nine collaborating laboratories performed single analyses on 4 blind duplicate pairs of bovine liver samples which were spiked at 0, 4.3, 10.8, or 21.6 mg As/kg liver. A National Bureau of Standards control (SRM 1566 Oyster Tissue, 13.4 +/- 1.9 mg As/kg) and a 1000 mg As/L standard were also submitted to the collaborators. Intralaboratory coefficients of variation ranged from 7.7 to 17.8%; interlaboratory coefficients of variation ranged from 10.9 to 19.0%. The method has been adopted official first action.
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PMID:Determination of diagnostic levels of arsenic in animal tissue: collaborative study. 372 98

The U concentration in Standard Reference Material 2670 (Toxic Metals in Freeze-Dried Urine) and the urine of two preschool-age children were determined by measuring the chemically separated U by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry using ion counting detection. This procedure can detect about 1% of the U atoms loaded into the mass spectrometer and has a total chemical blank of about 5 pg U. The U concentration in SRM 2670 was found to be 113 +/- 2 pg 238U/ml (1 s). At this concentration, a 1-ml sample is sufficient for a determination with a total uncertainty of less than 5%. The U concentrations in the two children were 3.1 +/- 0.9 and 3.6 +/- 0.9 pg 238U/g. These values suggest that the U concentration in urine of unexposed persons may be at this low level or lower.
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PMID:Determining picogram quantities of U in human urine by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. 381 98


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