Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies in various regions of the world have shown that women infected with HIV-1 are at increased risk for cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as well as for cervical cancer precursor lesions. HIV infection and cervical cancer are both widespread in West Africa, but little is known about the relationship between HPV and HIV-2, the predominant type of HIV in the general population of many West African countries. The authors report findings from their collection of cervical samples for cytology and HPV analysis from 93 women presenting to the University of Dakar Infectious Disease Service; 18 women infected with HIV-1, 17 with HIV-2, and 58 HIV seronegative controls. Compared to those without HIV infection, HIV seropositive women were 13.1 and 11.0 times more likely to have HPV detected using Southern transfer hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The detection of high and intermediate risk HPV types was significantly associated with HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. Among HPV-positive women, those infected with HIV were more likely to harbor high-risk HPV types. HIV-1 and HIV-2 seropositive women were 23.3 and 9.3 times more likely to have a cytological diagnosis of dysplasia, respectively, than were HIV-seronegative women. Biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 was found in one woman with HIV-1 and invasive cancer was found in one woman with HIV-2. It remains unclear, however, whether HIV-1 and HIV-2 confer similar risks of developing CIN 2-3 and the potential of invasive cervical cancer.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection among Senegalese women seropositive for HIV-1 or HIV-2 or seronegative for HIV. 806 Oct 90

Postal questionnaires were circulated to all Genito-Urinary Medicine (GUM) clinics in the UK (in parallel with questionnaires circulated to gynaecologists) on behalf of British Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (BSCCP) and National Co-ordinating Network (NCN) to audit colposcopy services. Information was sought on colposcopy workload, referral criteria, treatment method and followup, waiting times, staffing and training. A similar but less comprehensive survey of colposcopy services in GUM was undertaken in 1990 enabling direct comparison of some but not all aspects of the service in the last 3 to 4 years. One hundred and forty-two GUM Clinics replied. Of those who replied, 70 (49.3%) clinics provided a colposcopy service; an increase from 60 to 70 clinics since 1990. However, only 66 clinics provided detailed information for analysis. Forty-six out of 66 (69.7%) clinics performed treatment for some or all of their patients and the most frequent methods of treatment used were loop excision and cold coagulation. One hundred and seventy-two (range 8-1982) patients were seen per annum with a mean of 7 (range 1-68) colposcopy sessions per month. Sixty-four per cent of these sessions were undertaken by consultants, 14% by training grades and the rest by Clinical Assistants and Associate Specialists. Fifty-three per cent of all patients with abnormal smears were colposcoped within 2 weeks and the maximum waiting period was less than 8 weeks for all severe dyskaryosis/malignant cells cytology reports; 1.6% of clinics admitted to having cases of invasive cervical cancer following previous treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 96% of clinics had a protocol in place for defaulters. The default rate was 12% both for new and follow-up patients. Thirty out of 70 (43%) clinics were computerized and 50/66 (75.8%) of clinics collected accurate statistics.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Colposcopy services provided by Genito-Urinary Medicine clinics in the United Kingdom--British Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology/National Co-ordinating Network Survey, 1993. 873 32

476 patients with cervical lesions were examined for HPV presence in the lower genital tract. The ViraPap/ViraType detection set was used. Prevalence of low oncogenic risk group of HPV types (LR-HPV) was 12.2% a that of intermediate and high risk group (HR-HPV) was 28.5%. It is compared with control series of 168 women undergoing interruption of pregnancy (prevalence of LR-HPV 3.0% and of HR-HPV 13.7%) and with a control series of 137 STD (sexually transmitted disease) bearers (prevalence of LR-HPV 3.6% and of HR-HPV 19.0%). HR-HPV positivity was found in 37.8% of patients with CIN I, 46.7% with CIN II and 35.3% with CIN III. 16 of 20 cases (80%) with invasive cervical cancer were HR-HPV positive. The authors confirmed a statistically significant difference of HR-HPV positivity between series of women with interruption of pregnancy, with CIN and with invasive cervical cancer. Among HR-HPV positive cases, 76.5% had CIN or invasive cancer of cervix. The role of HPV testing in clinical management of cervical lesions is evaluated and considered meaningful by authors.
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PMID:[Prevalence of HPV infection and histologic correlations]. 892 58

Women are an increasing proportion of the HIV-infected population. In addition, compared with their HIV-negative counterparts, they have a greater incidence of both cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer, which tends to be more progressive and aggressive. The development of invasive cervical carcinoma in an HIV-infected woman is an AIDS-defining diagnosis. However, what is not clear is whether women who are identified with cervical carcinoma should be offered screening for HIV infection. This review addresses these issues and provides a cost-effectiveness assessment.
Int J STD AIDS 2001 May
PMID:HIV in cervical cancer. 1136 99

HIV-associated immunosuppression has been linked to an increased risk of a number of cancers, including Kaposi sarcoma (KS), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and invasive cervical cancer. Because prison inmates constitute one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalent populations in the US, understanding the link between HIV infection and cancer in the correctional setting holds particular public health relevance. The study population consisted of 336,668 Texas Department of Criminal Justice inmates who were incarcerated, for any duration, between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2001. Inmates diagnosed with HIV infection exhibited elevated rates of KS, NHL, anal cancer, and Hodgkin's disease, after adjusting for age and race. The elevated rates of cancer among HIV-infected individuals, particularly prison inmates, may be mediated, in part, by high-risk behaviours. HIV-associated risk behaviours, including unsafe sexual practices, injection drug use, and prostitution may be associated with cancer-related risk behaviours, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and poor diet. It will be important for future investigators to examine the association between HIV infection and cancer risk with sufficiently large study cohorts and appropriate longitudinal designs.
Int J STD AIDS 2004 May
PMID:The association of neoplasms and HIV infection in the correctional setting. 1511 7

The high prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology in the context of immunosuppression has been recognized for many years. In response to repeated observations of cervical cancers in HIV-infected women, moderate and severe cervical dysplasia were designated as early symptomatic HIV infection (Category B) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1993, and invasive cervical cancer as an AIDS-defining condition (Category C). HIV-infected women, therefore, differ from the general population not only with a greater risk for more, but also potentially more severe cervical disease. In the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, with HIV-infected women living for longer, there is a clear need to address this increased risk with appropriate management guidelines which this review attempts to provide.
Int J STD AIDS 2006 Sep
PMID:Cervical screening and management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-positive women. 1694 48

The aim of the study was to determine human papillomavirus (HPV) type-distribution in the cervix of Chinese women, and to estimate the potential future impact of HPV prophylactic vaccines for cervical cancer prevention in China. A total of 32 studies using polymerase chain reaction for HPV detection were included in the meta-analysis, including 2844 invasive cervical cancer (ICC), 820 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 432 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 2902 women with normal cytology/histology. The overall and type-specific HPV prevalence of 18 HPV types (HPV 6, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 70, 73 and 82 of different cervical stages) were estimated. Overall HPV prevalence was 83.7%, 66.2%, 61.3% and 11.2% in ICC, HSIL, LSIL and normal, respectively. HPV 16 was the predominant type in all cervical stages. Estimated HPV 16/18 positive fractions in ICC, HSIL, LSIL and normal were 69.7%, 45.5%, 32.23% and 4.6%, respectively. HPV-16/18 vaccine has the 69.7% potential prevention in ICC. HPV 58 and 52 were the priority HPV types in Chinese women.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Feb
PMID:Human papillomavirus type-distribution in the cervix of Chinese women: a meta-analysis. 1833 63

Immunosuppressed HIV-infected women are at risk of developing cervical cytological abnormalities and should have routine annual cervical cytology smears performed as recommended by the National Health Services Cervical Screening Programme (NHSCSP). In the Anglian Genitourinary Medicine Audit Group review of practice of cervical cytology smears, only 55.5% of clinics met the NHSCSP standards. The mean age of the 173 women in the cohort was 35.8 +/- 8.1, range 16-66 years. Seventy-eight percent of clinics performed cervical cytology screening in women under the age of 25 years. High-grade cervical cytological abnormality (moderate dyskariosis and above) was seen in 9.5% of the cohort and 39.5% had low-grade lesions (borderline and mild dyskariosis). One patient, a 41-year-old black African on highly active antiretroviral therapy with HIV-1 RNA level <50 copies/mL and a CD4 count of 240 cells/mm(3) had invasive cervical cancer requiring hysterectomy. The expected mean number of cervical cytology smears for the cohort was 3.29 and the calculated performed mean cervical cytology smear was 1.9 (P = 0.0001), a statistically significant difference. Asylum dispersal among 69.5% black Africans in the cohort contributed to some of the clinics not meeting the NHSCSP standards.
Int J STD AIDS 2009 Jan
PMID:Anglian Genitourinary Medicine Audit Group -- cervical cytology screening in HIV-positive women. 1910 97

Bone marrow X-linked kinase (BMX, also known as Etk) has been reported to be involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in several types of tumors, but its role in cervical carcinoma remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that BMX expression exhibits a gradually increasing trend from normal cervical tissue to cervical cancer in situ and then to invasive cervical cancer tissue. Through BMX-IN-1, a potent and irreversible BMX kinase inhibitor, inhibited the expression of BMX, the cell proliferation was significantly decreased. Knockdown of BMX in HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines using two different silencing technologies, TALEN and shRNA, inhibited cell growth in vitro and suppressed xenograft tumor formation in vivo, whereas overexpression of BMX in the cell line C-33A significantly increased cell proliferation. Furthermore, a mechanism study showed that silencing BMX blocked cell cycle transit from G0/G1 to S or G2/M phase, and knockdown of BMX inhibited the expression of p-AKT and p-STAT3. These results suggested that BMX can promote cell proliferation through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways in cervical cancer cells.
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PMID:BMX/Etk promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of cervical cancer cells through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 pathways. 2851 65

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is recommended as the primary test in cervical cancer screening, with co-testing by cytology for HPV-positive women to identify cervical lesions. Cytology has low sensitivity and there is a need to identify biomarkers that could identify dysplasia that are likely to progress to cancer. We searched for plasma proteins that could identify women with cervical cancer using the multiplex proximity extension assay (PEA). The abundance of 100 proteins were measured in plasma collected at the time of diagnosis of patients with invasive cervical cancer and in population controls using the Olink Multiplex panels CVD II, INF I, and ONC II. Eighty proteins showed increased levels in cases compared with controls. We identified a signature of 11 proteins (PTX3, ITGB1BP2, AXIN1, STAMPB, SRC, SIRT2, 4E-BP1, PAPPA, HB-EGF, NEMO and IL27) that distinguished cases and controls with a sensitivity of 0.96 at a specificity of 1.0. This signature was evaluated in a prospective replication cohort with samples collected before, at or after diagnosis and achieved a sensitivity of 0.78 and a specificity 0.56 separating samples collected at the time of diagnosis of invasive cancer from samples collected prior to diagnosis. No difference in abundance was seen between samples collected prior to diagnosis or after treatment as compared with population controls, indicating that this protein signature is mainly informative close to time of diagnosis. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal window in time prior to diagnosis for these biomarker candidates.
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PMID:Identification of Candidate Plasma Protein Biomarkers for Cervical Cancer Using the Multiplex Proximity Extension Assay. 3069 74


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