Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An increased platelet number in blood depends on a limited spectrum of causes, which aren't always simple to identify. Secondary thrombocytosis is a reactive process in relation with acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, or asplenia. The infrequent inherited thrombocytoses disorders are suspected when similar cases are observed in the same family. However, the most frequent causes of chronic thrombocytosis in adults are the so-called chronic myeloproliferative syndromes (chronic myelocytic leukaemia, polycythemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, essential thrombocytemia), and to a lesser extent, myelodysplastic syndromes. In the course of these disorders, thrombocytosis is often the first recognized abnormality. Chronic myelocytic leukaemia is easily diagnosed owing to the presence of either the Philadelphia chromosome or the BCR-ABL fusion gene product. The next step still relies upon a distinction according to the PVSG or the WHO criteria of Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Idiopathic myelo fibrosis (IMF) to finally confirm genuine Essential Thrombocythemia (ET). The recent description of the V617F mutation of JAK2 in 90% of PV patients, 43 to 67% with IMF and 50% of ET diagnosed according to either the PVSG or the WHO criteria is a definite characteristic of clonality now accessible in haematology practice. However, this mutation is neither specific nor constant in any of the Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative disorders, which outlines the importance of the WHO criteria of megakaryocytic abnormalities on bone marrow biopsy as the hallmark of Ph negative MPDs. The exclusion of PV and of IMF, including pre fibrotic and early fibrotic forms is still required for the diagnosis of "true" ET. Disease stratification and treatment strategy are targeted on the evaluation and prevention of vascular complications. Acute leukaemia or myelodysplasia, and other clonal progressions like myelofibrotic transformation, are infrequent and delayed events. However, according to the present data, the risk of fibrotic progression or of leukaemic transformation is not related to the mutation status of ET patients.
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PMID:[Essential thrombocythemia. Contribution of the V617F JAK2 mutation to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and outcome]. 1807 52

Platelets have an important role in hemostasis. Platelet disorders occur when too few or too many platelets are present, or when platelet functions are abnormal. Thrombocytopenia, defined as a platelet count less than 150,000/mcL, can be acute or chronic and congenital or acquired. Severe thrombocytopenia is associated with life-threatening bleeding and thrombotic complications. A comprehensive history and physical examination are central to the diagnostic approach. These elements should focus on identification of concurrent conditions associated with thrombocytopenia and differentiation among three mechanisms: decreased platelet production, increased platelet consumption, and platelet sequestration. Although previously thought to be the result of a single process, thrombocytopenia often is due to a combination of factors. Thrombocytosis is present when the platelet count is elevated. The principal types are essential (primary) thrombocythemia and reactive (secondary) thrombocytosis. Essential thrombocythemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with mutations of genes that regulate thrombopoiesis (eg, JAK2). It can lead to thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications. Reactive thrombocytosis frequently is encountered in the family medicine setting. It rarely causes vascular complications or requires management beyond that required for the underlying condition. Written permission from the American Academy of Family Physicians is required for reproduction of this material in whole or in part in any form or medium.
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PMID:Hematologic Conditions: Platelet Disorders. 3161 66