Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study of the results of cervical cytological screening of HIV-infected women attending an inner city ambulatory HIV clinic over a 6-year period between 1987 and 1992 was carried out. During this time a total of 165 HIV-infected women attended for management of their HIV disease. The results of cervical cytological specimens (smears) were available in 136 (82.4%) women. The risk categories for HIV infection of these 136 women were intravenous drug use 110 (80.9%), heterosexual sex 24 (17.6%) and undetermined 2 (1.5%). Eighty-five (62.5%) of the 136 women were classified CDC group 2, 30 (22%) CDC group 3, and 21 (15.5%) CDC group 4 at the time of initial cytological screening. Forty-one (30.1%) women had mild dysplasia/CIN 1, 21 (15.4%) had moderate dysplasia/CIN 2 and 17 (12.5%) had severe dysplasia/CIN 3. The overall prevalence of dysplasia/CIN was 58.1%. Twenty-seven (34.2%) of the women with dysplasia/CIN had cytological evidence of human papillomavirus infection. No association between the clinical stage of HIV disease and the presence or degree of dysplasia/CIN was demonstrated. Women with cytological evidence of CIN were significantly more likely to have had genital warts than those with no evidence of CIN (OR 3.1, CI 1.1-10). In those women with cervical dysplasia who underwent colposcopic examination, CIN was confirmed in a high proportion of cases. The default rate from colposcopy, however, was high (35.4%).
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Cervical cytological screening in HIV-infected women in Dublin--a six-year review. 754 89

212 females attending a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic with first episode anogenital warts were screened by cervical cytology and colposcopy/histology for the presence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in keeping with infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV infection) and/or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities detected by cervical cytology alone was 32%, rising to 56% after colposcopic examination. However, the majority of cervical lesions detected by colposcopy alone were of low grade (HPV infection and/or CIN I). Histologically-confirmed high grade cervical lesions (CIN II or CIN III) were detected more frequently in those females in whom cervical cytological examination indicated dyskaryosis in keeping with any grade of CIN, compared to females without dyskaryotic changes on cervical smear (P < 0.05, chi-squared test with Yates' correction). Early colposcopy is indicated for females with anogenital warts in the presence of a cervical smear showing dyskaryosis in keeping with any grade of CIN, because of the statistically significant increased risk of detecting a potentially progressive high grade cervical lesion. In females without dyskaryotic changes on cervical smear, the value of early colposcopy is uncertain and warrants larger more long-term trials.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:The role of early colposcopy in the management of females with first episode anogenital warts. 781 52

Studies in various regions of the world have shown that women infected with HIV-1 are at increased risk for cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as well as for cervical cancer precursor lesions. HIV infection and cervical cancer are both widespread in West Africa, but little is known about the relationship between HPV and HIV-2, the predominant type of HIV in the general population of many West African countries. The authors report findings from their collection of cervical samples for cytology and HPV analysis from 93 women presenting to the University of Dakar Infectious Disease Service; 18 women infected with HIV-1, 17 with HIV-2, and 58 HIV seronegative controls. Compared to those without HIV infection, HIV seropositive women were 13.1 and 11.0 times more likely to have HPV detected using Southern transfer hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The detection of high and intermediate risk HPV types was significantly associated with HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection. Among HPV-positive women, those infected with HIV were more likely to harbor high-risk HPV types. HIV-1 and HIV-2 seropositive women were 23.3 and 9.3 times more likely to have a cytological diagnosis of dysplasia, respectively, than were HIV-seronegative women. Biopsy-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 was found in one woman with HIV-1 and invasive cancer was found in one woman with HIV-2. It remains unclear, however, whether HIV-1 and HIV-2 confer similar risks of developing CIN 2-3 and the potential of invasive cervical cancer.
Int J STD AIDS
PMID:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection among Senegalese women seropositive for HIV-1 or HIV-2 or seronegative for HIV. 806 Oct 90

476 patients with cervical lesions were examined for HPV presence in the lower genital tract. The ViraPap/ViraType detection set was used. Prevalence of low oncogenic risk group of HPV types (LR-HPV) was 12.2% a that of intermediate and high risk group (HR-HPV) was 28.5%. It is compared with control series of 168 women undergoing interruption of pregnancy (prevalence of LR-HPV 3.0% and of HR-HPV 13.7%) and with a control series of 137 STD (sexually transmitted disease) bearers (prevalence of LR-HPV 3.6% and of HR-HPV 19.0%). HR-HPV positivity was found in 37.8% of patients with CIN I, 46.7% with CIN II and 35.3% with CIN III. 16 of 20 cases (80%) with invasive cervical cancer were HR-HPV positive. The authors confirmed a statistically significant difference of HR-HPV positivity between series of women with interruption of pregnancy, with CIN and with invasive cervical cancer. Among HR-HPV positive cases, 76.5% had CIN or invasive cancer of cervix. The role of HPV testing in clinical management of cervical lesions is evaluated and considered meaningful by authors.
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PMID:[Prevalence of HPV infection and histologic correlations]. 892 58

The aim of the study was to compare the frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and in women without cervical pathology. In a study group of 423 patients with histologically proven CIN and in 108 controls with normal cervical smear, cytological material for direct immunofluorescence analysis was obtained. Among 423 patients, 24 (5.7%) had CIN 1, 108 (25.5%) CIN 2 and 291 (68.8%) CIN 3. Among all patients with CIN, 27 (6.4%) were C. trachomatis positive and 396 (93.6%) C. trachomatis negative. In the control group 6 (5.6%) were C. trachomatis positive and 102 (94.4%) C. trachomatis negative. The difference between C. trachomatis infection incidence in patients with CIN and in women without cervical pathology was not significant (chi2=0.29; P>0.05). In this study, no difference in C. trachomatis infection incidence was detected between patients with CIN and women with normal cervical smears. The impact of C. trachomatis infection seems not to interfere with the development or even the promotion of CIN.
Int J STD AIDS 1999 May
PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women with and without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 1066 5

The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is high among HIV-infected women. Decreased CD4 lymphocytes, high human immunodeficiency viral load (HIVL) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are risk factors for CIN. We characterized the prevalence, risk factors and prognosis of histologically-verified CIN among systematically followed HIV-infected women enrolled from a low HIV-prevalence population. The study population comprised 153 HIV-infected women followed between 1989 and 2006. The mean +/- SD duration of follow-up was 5.6 +/- 3.8 years. Demographic as well as treatment-related data were derived from medical reports. During the follow-up, 51 subjects (33%) displayed CIN (16% CIN 1 and 18% CIN 2 +), whereas 102 subjects had Pap smear results of normal cells, atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance, or signs of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) but no CIN in histological specimens from the cervix. Only one case of cancer of the uterine cervix was detected. Pap smears were reliable in screening for CIN; 75% of patients with CIN had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or LSIL in Pap smears taken at the time of dysplasia. The incidence of CIN decreased from 12.7 to 3.5 (per 100 subjects) between 2000 and 2005 (P = 0.07). The risk of CIN was not associated with decreased levels of CD4 lymphocytes, duration of HIV infection, use of antiretroviral medication or plasma HIVL. In univariate analysis, bacterial vaginosis (BV) was associated with a significantly increased risk of CIN, whereas parity was associated with lower risk of CIN. Each delivery lowered the risk of CIN by 30% (P = 0.02). The significantly lower risk of CIN among parous women (P = 0.04) persisted in multivariate analysis. CIN was treated by means of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), (n = 34). The recurrence rate was low; seven subjects (14%) had a recurrence of CIN during follow-up. The nadir of CD4 lymphocytes was lower (P = 0.04) and the HIVL higher (P = 0.03) among subjects with recurrence of CIN. Duration of HIV infection, use of antiretroviral medication and positive margins in LEEP specimens were indistinguishable among subjects with vs. without recurrence of CIN. The prevalence of CIN is high among systematically managed HIV-infected women. However, the incidence of CIN decreased during the 21st century. BV was associated with an increased risk of CIN whereas parous women had lower risk of CIN. However, the patients with and without CIN could not be distinguished on the basis of previously described risk factors. Regular follow-up by means of Pap smears is warranted in all HIV-infected women.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Jan
PMID:Risk factors, diagnosis and prognosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV-infected women. 1827 45

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in Malawi. National guidelines recommend screening women aged 30-45 years every five years; however, no specific recommendations exist for women with HIV. We aimed to assess the frequency of high-grade dysplasia (CIN 2 or CIN3) and cervical cancer among women in central Malawi and to examine associations with CIN2+ (CIN2/3 or cancer). We extracted cervical Pap smear, biopsy, loop electrosurgical excision procedure and uterine specimen reports from a hospital pathology database from November 2012 to November 2013. We used logistic regression to estimate associations with CIN2+. We reviewed specimens from 824 women; we excluded 194 with unknown HIV status, leaving 630 in the analytic sample. Twelve percent had high-grade dysplasia and 109 women (17%) had cancer. Twenty-five percent of high-grade dysplasia cases and 35% of cancers occurred among women outside recommended screening ages. The odds of having CIN2+ were 6.55 times (95% CI 4.44-9.67) greater for HIV+ women. High-grade dysplasia and cervical cancer are very common among Malawian women, especially HIV+ women. HIV infection was strongly associated with CIN2+. Expanding screening to women not covered by current guidelines could avert a substantial proportion of cervical cancer cases in Malawi.
Int J STD AIDS 2016 08
PMID:High rates of cervical cancer among HIV-infected women at a referral hospital in Malawi. 2613 Jun 91