Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

More patients were hospitalised for acute salpingitis at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Orebro Medical Centre, Orebro, Sweden, during the 5 year period 1970-1974 (period I) as compared with that of 1980-1984 (period II), 666 patients and 524 respectively, a decrease of 22%. The majority of cases, 92% in period I and 85% in period II, occurred among women 15-34 years of age, that is a relative increase of patients aged over 34 from 8% in period I to 15% in period II. Concomitant urogenital gonorrhoea occurred in 26.2% of the patients in period I compared with 12.0% in period II, a highly significant decrease (p less than 0.001) mainly confined to the age group 15-24, whereas there was no relative difference for the two periods in the age group 25-34 years. The number of patients using intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) was 96/666 (14.4%) in period I compared with 113/524 (21.6%) in period II (p less than 0.001). There were also relatively more IUCD users among the patients with gonorrhoea and acute salpingitis in period II (15.5%) compared with period I (10.4%) but this difference was not statistically significant. From 1981 to 1984 370/424 patients were cultured for Chlamydia trachomatis and 27.8% (103/370) were positive. Thus Chlamydia trachomatis is at present, at least in the Orebro area, the most frequently isolated STD agent among acute salpingitis patients while gonorrhoea is of much less importance.
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PMID:Epidemiology and aetiology of acute non-tuberculous salpingitis. A comparison between the early 1970s and the early 1980s with special reference to gonorrhoea and use of intrauterine contraceptive device. 224 78

Further studies are needed to define the clinicopathologic manifestations of CT infection. Many questions remain regarding the natural history and pathogenetic mechanisms of CT and its biologic and clinical interactions with other prevalent STDs. However, it is apparent that CT is a major cause of STD in the Western world and that its incidence and prevalence have increased to epidemic proportions in young, sexually active women and men. As with other STDs, epidemiologic control of CT infection is of paramount importance. The clinician and pathologist should develop a heightened awareness of the probability of Chlamydia infection in all patients at risk for STD, and in clinical settings, only a high index of suspicion will result in timely therapeutic intervention. Although more simplified and less expensive diagnostic procedures for CT are being investigated, presently, culture isolation is the best and most accurate diagnostic method for CT genital infection and its use should be popularized and made more easily available. Immunofluorescent staining using monoclonal and heterologous antibodies to extracellular CT elementary bodies in preselected smears appears promising as a diagnostic technique and requires further study. There is no apparent role for the use of routine cyto- and histologic microscopy in the diagnosis of CT infection and the practice of diagnosing presumed chlamydial vacuoles or inclusions from cervicovaginal Pap smears should be actively discouraged. Although CT cervicitis plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis and dissemination of CT infections, it should be remembered that multiple sites of genital involvement occur commonly with CT infection and this multifocality should be considered when CT cervical cultures are negative and in post-treatment follow-up. Cultures should be obtained from sites of suspected involvement and should include scrapings or biopsy sampling of the tissue surface to insure the presence of sufficient numbers of epithelial cells. Local secretions or exudate should not be considered adequate. In the female, sampling of the urethra, rectum, and endometrium may facilitate accurate diagnosis. Scraping or sampling of the tubal epithelium by biopsy may provide diagnostic material in acute salpingitis and PID and should be considered if laparoscopy or laparotomy are performed. Routine screening by culture for CT cervicitis has been suggested in high-risk clinical groups and in antepartum patients for prophylaxis of fetal and neonatal disease and requires serious consideration because of the high prevalence of CT infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the female genital tract. Pathogenetic and clinicopathologic correlations. 355 20

In both men and women, STD-associated genital infections may cause permanent damage to the reproductive tract resulting in sub- or infertility. In men, the wide zone between sterility and normal fertility makes it difficult to demarcate the precise role of infection on post-infection fecundity, but it seems less important than in women. The reproductive events were studied in a cohort of 1,309 pregnancy-seeking women, < or = 35 years of age, after laparoscopically verified acute salpingitis, and 451 women with normal laparoscopy. Tubal factor infertility (TFI) was diagnosed in 12.1% of the patients and 0.9% of the controls, and the first pregnancy was ectopic in 7.8% and 1.3%, respectively. Of independent importance for infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and time between PID and first intrauterine pregnancy were number of infections, severity of the infections, contraception at the index laparoscopy, age, and delayed treatment. STD-associated in-subfertility is acquired and, hence, preventable.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. 804 13

Chlamydia trachomatis is one the most important sexually transmitted diseases; it can cause serious sequelae despite the absence of symptoms in some people. It's estimated that about 25% of women who have acute salpingitis become infertile, and chlamydial infection is the commonest cause. The introduction of screening programs for its detection are still a topic of discussion. The literature shows that the total cost of examination and treatment of complications known to be associated with genital chlamydial infection (PID, chronic pelvic pain, tubal factor infertility) is generally higher than the total cost of a large-scale Chlamydia screening program. The selection of a diagnostic test for detection of chlamydial genital infection depends on availability, local expertise, and prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the test population. Cell culture is too expensive in nonendemic regions, so the use of non-culture techniques is very attractive. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and LCR (ligase chain reaction) are actually the two most commonly used alternatives to conventional methods for detecting STD agents. In fact, PCR and LCR have proved useful for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical and urethral samples both in symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Recently, testing of first-void urine (FVU) specimens with these techniques has shown that the amplification tests are as sensitive as tests with endocervical swab cultures.
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PMID:Update on Chlamydia trachomatis. 1081 17