Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Candida spp. is frequently detected from perioperative patients, especially from those requiring central venous catheter (CVC) management. CAND-TEC could detect the blood fungus infection easily and quickly. We analyzed 438 specimens from 57 patients requiring perioperative CVC management for more than three weeks, and investigated usefulness of CAND-TEC comparing with other serological methods. The dilution rate of CAND-TEC showed a positive correlation with amount of beta-D-glucan which was measured by Toxicolor test and Endotoxin-specific assay. It also showed a positive correlation with amount of D-arabinitol. When blood samples diluted more than four times were positive with CAND-TEC, the patients were considered to be infected, and accumulative infection rate was up to 84.2% three weeks after introduction of CVC management. CAND-TEC would be useful in detecting Candida infection compared with conventional methods, and the fungus infection was much more frequent incidence than ever expected. It is important to detect fungus infection early and respond immediately to avoid nosocomial infection.
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PMID:[Early diagnosis and management against perioperative fungus infection]. 147 Jan 56

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are currently reviewing the guidelines for handling HIV-positive health care workers (HCWs). The Advisory Committee on HIV and STD Prevention and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee are working together to change these recommendations based on problems arising under the present regulations. Worker's lack of confidentiality in disclosing their HIV status to patients, and ambiguous terminology stating that HCWs should not perform procedures that are exposure-prone, are among the problems that need to be addressed. Current practices have shown that health care personnel with HIV and hepatitis B (HBV) should be dealt with separately, and disclosure of HIV status should not be mandated because the risk of transmission to patients is very low. The group suggests that self-disclosure is warranted in specific cases, and may be mitigated by a supervisor who could oversee the worker's health condition. Additional recommendations include concentrating efforts on preventing injury to health care workers, studying transmission risks for hepatitis C, and analyzing the methods for preventing transmission. Results from a look-back study conducted by the CDC suggest that there is no data to demonstrate transmission between 53 HIV-positive health care providers and their 22,759 patients. The working group also recognizes the need for review panels, but feels that they should be decentralized to fit the needs of individual health care providers.
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PMID:Pressure mounts for CDC to change guidelines for infected HCWs. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1136 9

Nosocomial infections by Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive pathogen colonising human skin and mucosal surfaces, are an increasing health care problem. Clinical isolates almost invariably express fibronectin-binding proteins that, by indirectly linking the bacteria with host integrin alpha5beta1, can promote uptake of the microorganisms by eukaryotic cells. Integrin engagement by pathogenic fibronectin-binding S. aureus, but not by non-pathogenic S. carnosus, triggered the recruitment of focal contact-associated proteins vinculin, tensin, zyxin and FAK to the sites of bacterial attachment. Moreover, dominant-negative versions of FAK-blocked integrin-mediated internalisation and FAK-deficient cells were severely impaired in their ability to internalise S. aureus. Pathogen binding induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several host proteins associated with bacterial attachment sites, including FAK and the Src substrate cortactin. In FAK-deficient cells, local recruitment of cortactin still occurred, whereas the integrin- and Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin was abolished. As siRNA-mediated gene silencing of cortactin or mutation of critical amino acid residues within cortactin interfered with uptake of S. aureus, our results reveal a novel functional connection between integrin engagement, FAK activation and Src-mediated cortactin phosphorylation. Cooperation between FAK, Src and cortactin in integrin-mediated internalisation of bacteria also suggests a molecular scenario of how engagement of integrins could be coupled to membrane endocytosis.
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PMID:Cellular invasion by Staphylococcus aureus reveals a functional link between focal adhesion kinase and cortactin in integrin-mediated internalisation. 1585 38

The aim of this study was to investigate safety and impact of temporary external lumbar drainage for continuous release of cerebrospinal fluid among patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). We conducted a retrospective cohort study among patients with cryptococcal meningitis in whom temporary external lumbar drains were placed to reduce intractable elevated ICP between January 2002 and December 2005. Patients were followed for three months after the procedure. Among 601 HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis, 54 (8.9%) underwent lumbar drain placement. Of these patients, mean age was 33 years and 80% were males. The median duration of an indwelling lumbar drain was seven days. There were 61 placement procedures among 54 patients, totalling to 473 device-days of observation. Overall incidence of secondary bacterial infections was 6.3 per 1000 device-days, and three (4.9%) of 61 catheters became secondarily infected with nosocomially acquired bacteria. All three drains were removed and appropriate antibiotics were given. There was no difference in median duration of placement between infected and uninfected drains (six days vs. seven days, P=0.572). The overall mortality rate was 5.6% in this cohort of 54 patients. In conclusion, the incidence of nosocomial infection of external lumbar drains is low. In resource-limited settings, the use of temporary external lumbar drainage is a safe and effective management strategy for intractable elevated ICP in HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis.
Int J STD AIDS 2008 Apr
PMID:Temporary external lumbar drainage for reducing elevated intracranial pressure in HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis. 1848 48