Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.7.10.2 (focal adhesion kinase)
 44,029 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors present clinical results of 22 cataract surgeries of hypermetropic eyes in 18 patients (mean age 74 years, range 58-95 years) with primary piggyback implantation of two PMMA IOLs both in capsular bag. The surgeries have been performed in The Eye Department of The Municipal Hospital in Ostrava. Intraocular lens calculations were performed using the SRK II formula. The follow-up period was 5 to 36 month (mean 15 month). The mean stabilised postoperative refraction was -0.24 D (range -3.5 D to +3.12 D). The mean best corrected visual acuity, that reached 0.23, is limited especially by amblyopia and other eye diseases. We noticed four secondary cataracts in two patients. There was found no interlenticular opacification. Primary implantation more posterior chamber intraocular lenses is a good choice for correction hypermetropia during cataract surgery.
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PMID:[Primary polypseudophakia in patients with cataracts and hypermetropia]. 1151 35

A retrospective review of cases of pterygium excision using the bare sclera method followed by application of 2500-3500 rads of Sr 90 beta-radiation carried out between 1994 and the year 2000 at Ojulowo Eye clinic Ibadan and St Mary's Catholic Specialist Eye Hospital Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. Follow up period was between six months and six years. A total of 124 eyes from 95 patients were operated. 58 (61.1%) were males and 37 (38.9%) were females. The youngest patient was 10 years old while the oldest was 89 years mean 46.1 +/- 2 STD of 13.5. Most pterygia were unilateral and nasal in location. Improvement in visual acuity of between 2-6 lines on snellen chart occurred in 6 (4.8%) of operated eyes. Recurrence necessitating repeat surgery and additional radiation occurred in 8 eyes (6.9%). The complications of surgery and beta radiation consisted of conjunctiva inflammation 10 (8.6%), cornea opacities 4 (3.2%), gritty sensation 3 (2.6), cataract 1 (0.8%). No case of sclera necroses was observed. Post-operative beta-radiation is safe and effective in preventing recurrence of pterygium.
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PMID:Evaluation of the effectiveness of post-operative beta-irradiation in the management of pterygium. 1251 22

As the number and types of keratorefractive procedures increase and as the baby boomer population moves into the "cataractous decades," the number of patients requiring cataract surgery following refractive surgery grows larger each year. While technological advances in surgical instrumentation and intraocular lens (IOL) design allow us to perform cleaner, faster, and more reliable cataract extractions, the ultimate postoperative refraction depends primarily on calculations performed before surgery. Third-generation IOL formulas ( Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 2, or SRK/T) provide outstanding accuracy when used for eyes with physiologic, prolate corneas. In addition, most instruments used today for measuring corneal curvature and power were designed before the era of refractive surgery. These formulas and instruments make assumptions about the anatomy and refractive properties of the cornea that are no longer valid following most keratorefractive procedures. These breakdowns in IOL calculation often result in a "refractive surprise" after cataract surgery, which may require subsequent surgical correction. This article examines recent publications of modeling studies of various methods for estimating effective K values for IOL calculation, cataract surgery case series following refractive surgery, new corneal topography technologies and methods for correcting "refractive surprises" postoperatively.
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PMID:Cataract surgery in patients with prior refractive surgery. 1254 10

Preoperative biometry has a major influence on the success or failure of IOL implantation procedures. The paper wishes to demonstrate the significance of this manoeuvre for the refraction and visual outcome and for the postoperative satisfaction rate of the patients. The clinical study has rulled out for one year period and a number of 239 patients suffered a IOL implantation procedure (cataract or lens extraction for refractive purposes). The preoperative biometry was always necessary. We used one of the existing IOL power calculation formula (SRK II, SRK T, Holladay). The surgeon decided about the IOL power, always after discussing with the patient their postoperative refractive expectations. The postoperative refraction was, in the majority of cases, the estimated refraction and the errors were similar with those from the literature. Refractive surprises of several diopters were registered in high myopic and hyperopic eyes or in cases of coexisting ocular diseases which have modified the anatomical parameters of the eye. In conclusion, small errors in calculation can have large effects on visual outcome. This problem will be solved in the future, because the field is evolving rapidly driven by a new understanding of the anatomy of the eye and new hardware for measuring that anatomy.
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PMID:[Post-operatory biometry and refraction results estimated and refraction surprises--clinical study]. 1288 74

Itinerant traditional surgeons work throughout sub-Saharan Africa and perform many procedures including: tooth extraction, abortion, injections, incising and draining abscesses, uvulectomy, circumcision, inguinal hernia surgery, non-invasive cataract luxation, and surgery on closed and open fractures. Cutting and injection equipment are not cleaned and are used on a rapid succession of up to 10 patients in a single clinic session. These procedures cause haemorrhage, septicaemia, tetanus, gangrene, contractures, abscesses, airway obstruction, keloids, iatrogenic fistulae, lacerations of vital organs, loss of limbs, and death. Recent work suggesting that many cases of HIV infection may be caused by medical exposure lend a new urgency to researching the work of traditional surgeons. Collaborative programmes for re-training and re-shaping the work of these practitioners is more likely to be effective in reducing the morbidity than attempts to suppress their work.
Int J STD AIDS 2003 Aug
PMID:Traditional surgeons in sub-Saharan Africa: images from south Sudan. 1293 74

In the prospective study of 56 patients with cataract (67 eyes) the authors compared axial length biometry) regarding to postoperative refraction of the eyes. Dioptric power of the intraocular lens (IOL) was determined by SRK II. formula. The difference between predicted and actual postoperative refraction in the spherical equivalent were compared 3 months postoperatively. Axial length measured by ultrasound differed significantly from the axial length measured by optical biometry (p = 0.016). Dioptric power of IOL calculated according to the axial length measured by ultrasound was significantly different from the dioptric power of IOL calculated according to the axial length measured by optical biometry (p = 0.003). The difference between predicted and actual postoperative refraction was not statistically significant (p = 0.384) even if we considered both type of measurement. In conclusion, we found partial coherence interferometry was an accurate and reproducible method for measurement of axial length of the eye before cataract surgery. In the cases of advanced dense cataracts backup of ultrasonic biometry is still necessary.
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PMID:[Comparison of ultrasound and optic biometry with respect to ocular refraction after cataract surgery]. 1501 3

A 73-year-old man had phacoemulsification and implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) in both eyes. In the right eye, the optic was unintentionally reversed in the bag. In the left eye, the posterior capsule was ruptured and the IOL haptics were fixated in the ciliary sulcus. The refraction in the sulcus-fixated left eye was stable from 1 month to 4 years. The right eye had a myopic shift at 1 month, with a regression of 1.50 diopters that continued for 2 years. The final IOL position in the right eye was 0.25 mm anterior to the position predicted by the SRK/T formula. It took 2 years for the refraction in the eye with the reversed-optic PC IOL to become stable. A large myopic shift and gradual regression in refraction may stem from a different wound-healing reaction than that of properly fixated IOLs.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2004 May
PMID:Long-term observation of the refraction with a reversed-optic posterior chamber intraocular lens. 1513 Jun 57

In order to re-evaluate functional implications of alphasmooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) expression in lens epithelial cells (LECs), we assessed its presence in donor lenses without visible opacities (DON), lenses with mature cataract (CAT), and cataractous lenses with posterior subcapsular opacities (PSO) or anterior subcapsular fibrosis (ASF). The levels of alphaSMA and transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGFbeta2) mRNAs were measured by classical and real-time PCR. Expression and structural organisation of alphaSMA protein and beta-catenin were monitored by Western blotting and confocal microscopy. All DON analysed contained measurable amounts of alphaSMA mRNA. In CAT without and with PSO, mRNA expression was increased and, again more than doubled in ASF. TGFbeta2 mRNA expression varied widely between the individual samples but was slightly increased in ASF. No correlation existed between alphaSMA or TGFbeta2 expression and the age of the donors in any of the lens categories. Confocal microscopy revealed that, in DON and CAT, alphaSMA was preferentially expressed in a simple granular pattern in single or small clusters of LECs within a normally shaped cobblestone epithelium. Locally, the granules were merged into short stretches at the cell margin. In CAT, a few abnormally shaped cells contained polygonal alphaSMA structures and short stress fibres. In CAT with PSO and ASF, polygons and stress fibre bundles predominated in spindle-shaped cells. Expression patterns of different complexity were often present in the same epithelium. Apical polygons and basal stress fibres were detected within the same cell and may reflect instability of the interface between epithelium and cortical fibres and changes in adhesion to the capsule, respectively. High levels of betacatenin mRNA and protein were present in all lens types. However, with increasing complexity of alphaSMA organisation, betacatenin staining disappeared from the cell margin and basal infoldings and was shifted towards the cytoplasm and nucleus. The presence of alphaSMA in DON, the absence of any correlation between mRNA level and age, and the modest increase in complexity of alphaSMA-containing structures in CAT argue against an inevitable link between alphaSMA expression and the development of age-related cataract. Low levels of alphaSMA expression may reflect repair of normal wear and tear. In pathologic situations such as PSO and ASF, persisting stimulation and additional incentives may induce increased alphaSMA expression and more elaborate patterning, eventually leading to completion of EMT.
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PMID:Expression of alphasmooth muscle actin in lens epithelia from human donors and cataract patients. 1593 44

During development of the vertebrate lens there are dynamic interactions between the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the lens capsule and lens cells. Disruption of the ECM causes perturbation of lens development and cataract. Similarly, changes in cell signaling can result in abnormal ECM and cataract. Integrins are key mediators of ECM signals and recent studies have documented distinct repertoires of integrin expression during lens development, and in anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) and posterior caspsule opacification (PCO). Increasingly, studies are being directed to investigating the signaling pathways that integrins modulate and have identified Src, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as downstream kinases that mediate proliferation, differentiation and morphological changes in the lens during development and cataract formation.
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PMID:Extracellular matrix and integrin signaling in lens development and cataract. 1713 21

The removal of the opaque crystalline lens in cataract surgery and its replacement by an artificial lens has become the most successful surgical intervention in the history of medicine. Modern intraocular lenses, today's micro-incision approach and high-end measurement and computational techniques provide restoration of good visual acuity in the majority of cases. Patients with problem eyes not allowing standard procedures for intraocular lens power calculation require special attention. Among them are highly ametropic subjects with very short or long eyes or patients, whose corneal structures are different from normal due to preceding refractive surgery. The special problems for measurement and lens power calculations in these eyes are dealt with in detail. Based on hitherto unpublished clinical data, causes and possible solutions for the existing problems are discussed. Generally, the best available measurement techniques should be applied in these cases. With respect to the algorithms used it has to be made sure that no additional errors are introduced by the algorithms themselves. The popular SRK II formula should therefore not be used any more. If errors are minimized this way, gross postoperative refractive surprises should be avoided even in problem eyes.
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PMID:[Preoperative intraocular lens power calculations in problem eyes]. 1754 92


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